ON THE MECHANISM OF ALLOANTISERUM MEDIATED SUPPRESSION OF HISTOCOMPATIBILITY-LINKED Ir GENE CONTROLLED IMMUNE RESPONSES OF GUINEA PIGS**Supported by U.S.P.H.S. Research Grant Al 10931 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.

Abstract Background Penicillin allergy reconciliation is an important aspect of antimicrobial stewardship with ~10% of the population reporting a penicillin allergy. Our facility utilizes a Penicillin Allergy Reconciliation Program (PARP) led by an Infectious Diseases (ID) Pharmacist and pharmacy students to identify patients with penicillin allergies to reconcile and intervene when necessary. Information is collected by interview, electronic medical record (EMR) review, prescription outpatient fill history. This study evaluated reconciliations with and without a PARP in patients in a community health system. Methods This was a retrospective study that compared reconciliations performed on adult patients admitted at least once in 2019 with a self-reported penicillin allergy and ID physician consult at a hospital with a PARP (Institution 1) and one without a formal evaluation and intervention program (Institution 2) within the same community health system with same ID physicians. The primary outcome was documented reconciliation of a patient’s penicillin allergy during an inpatient visit in 2019. Reconciliation was defined as an edit or clarification (updating the severity, reaction, or comments section, as well as deleting) to a patient’s penicillin allergy in the EMR. The secondary outcome evaluated the percentage of total and ID consult patients with a penicillin allergy. Results There were 245 patients who met criteria and were included in the study, 113 from Institution 1 and 132 from Institution 2. For the primary outcome, there were 82 (72.6%) reconciliations at Institution 1 and 15 (11.4%) reconciliations at Institution 2 (p < 0.001). Interventions at Institution 1 and 2 resulted in 74 EMR updates and 8 removals and 14 EMR updates and 1 removal, respectively. Reconciliation was performed on the same visit as the ID consult in 59/82 patients (72%) at Institution 1 and 11/15 patients (73.3%) at Institution 2. All reconciliations at Institution 2 were made by pharmacist (10) or nurses (5). For the secondary outcome, 10.9% of patients with an ID consult and 12.6% of all patients admitted in 2019 had a penicillin allergy (p=0.027). Conclusion A PARP led by an ID pharmacist and students was an effective method to perform penicillin allergy reconciliations, even in the presence of active ID consultation. Disclosures Bruce M. Jones, PharmD, BCPS, ALK-Abello (Research Grant or Support)Allergan/Abbvie (Speaker’s Bureau) Christopher M. Bland, PharMD, FCCP, FIDSA, BCPS, ALK Abello, Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Biomerieux (Consultant)Merck (Consultant, Grant/Research Support, Advisor or Review Panel member, Speaker’s Bureau)Tetraphase (Speaker’s Bureau)

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The Peptide Vaccine Combined with Prior Immunization of a Conventional Diphtheria-Tetanus Toxoid Vaccine Induced AmyloidβBinding Antibodies on Cynomolgus Monkeys and Guinea Pigs

Journal of Immunology Research ◽

10.1155/2015/786501 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Akira Yano ◽

Kaori Ito ◽

Yoshikatsu Miwa ◽

Yoshito Kanazawa ◽

Akiko Chiba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Tetanus Toxoid ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Peptide Vaccine ◽

Cell Epitope ◽

T Cell Epitope ◽

Peptide Vaccination ◽

Binding Profile ◽

Cynomolgus Monkeys ◽

The Brain

The reduction of brain amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides by anti-Aβantibodies is one of the possible therapies for Alzheimer’s disease. We previously reported that the Aβpeptide vaccine including the T-cell epitope of diphtheria-tetanus combined toxoid (DT) induced anti-Aβantibodies, and the prior immunization with conventional DT vaccine enhanced the immunogenicity of the peptide. Cynomolgus monkeys were given the peptide vaccine subcutaneously in combination with the prior DT vaccination. Vaccination with a similar regimen was also performed on guinea pigs. The peptide vaccine induced anti-Aβantibodies in cynomolgus monkeys and guinea pigs without chemical adjuvants, and excessive immune responses were not observed. Those antibodies could preferentially recognize Aβ40, and Aβ42compared to Aβfibrils. The levels of serum anti-Aβantibodies and plasma Aβpeptides increased in both animals and decreased the brain Aβ40level of guinea pigs. The peptide vaccine could induce a similar binding profile of anti-Aβantibodies in cynomolgus monkeys and guinea pigs. The peptide vaccination could be expected to reduce the brain Aβpeptides and their toxic effects via clearance of Aβpeptides by generated antibodies.

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Vaccination today and tomorrow

Bioscience Reports ◽

10.1007/bf01204352 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 493-502 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

F. Brown

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Molecular Level ◽

Critical Issue ◽

Natural Host ◽

Increasing Knowledge ◽

Empirical Approaches

The vaccines against infectious diseases in use today are, with few exceptions, prepared from the causal agents themselves, either by inactivating them with a chemical such as formaldehyde or by attenuating them so that they grow and thus evoke an immune response in the natural host but cause no disease. These empirical approaches have produced many highly successful vaccines. Increasing knowledge at the molecular level of the agents and of the immune response to protein antigent is now providing us with the opportunity to design vaccines that will elicit protective responses without the need to use the agents themselves. The critical issue is to identify the immune responses that correlate with protection.

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Influenza subunit vaccine coated microneedle patches elicit comparable immune responses to intramuscular injection in guinea pigs

Vaccine ◽

10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.01.050 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (34) ◽

pp. 3435-3441 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

S. Kommareddy ◽

B.C. Baudner ◽

A. Bonificio ◽

S. Gallorini ◽

G. Palladino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Intramuscular Injection ◽

Subunit Vaccine

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Sex-Dependent Differences in Plasma Cytokine Responses to Hantavirus Infection

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00035-08 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 885-887 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Jonas Klingström ◽

Therese Lindgren ◽

Clas Ahlm

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Infectious Agent ◽

Hantavirus Infection ◽

Infected Female ◽

Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽

Male Patients ◽

Macrophage Colony ◽

Interleukin 9

ABSTRACT There are often sex differences in susceptibility to infectious diseases and in level of mortality after infection. These differences probably stem from sex-related abilities to mount proper or unwanted immune responses against an infectious agent. We report that hantavirus-infected female patients show significantly higher plasma levels of interleukin-9 (IL-9), fibroblast growth factor 2, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and lower levels of IL-8 and gamma interferon-induced protein 10 than male patients. The results demonstrate that a virus infection can induce sex-dependent differences in acute immune responses in humans. This finding may, at least partly, explain the observed sex differences in susceptibility to infectious diseases and in mortality following infection.

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