Fatty Acid Mobilization11The analysis of plasma fatty acids was supported by grants to K. Norum from Anders Jahre Foundation and the Norwegian Research Council for Science and the Humanities.

1978 ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAARE NORUM ◽  
HOLGER URSIN
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Plasma Fatty Acids ◽  
Norwegian Research Council

The relationships between dietary fatty acids, plasma lipid composition and milk fat secretion in the cow

1969 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Moore ◽  
W. Steele ◽  
R. C. Noble
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Triglycerides ◽  
Plasma Phospholipids ◽  
Concentrate Mixture

SummaryThe effects of the isocaloric replacement of starch in a low-fat concentrate mixture by either 5 or 10% ‘stearic acid’ (85% pure) or by 10% ‘palmitic acid’ (85% pure) on the composition of the plasma lipids were investigated in a feeding experiment with 12 cows in mid-lactation. The concentrate mixtures were given with a high roughage diet that supplied daily 4·4 kg of hay and 2·7 kg of sugar-beet pulp. A study was made of the relationships between the compositions of the plasma and milk lipids.The inclusion of 10% ‘stearic acid’ or 10% ‘palmitic acid’ in the concentrate mixture increased the concentration of total plasma fatty acids. Irrespective of dietary treatment, about 40% of the total plasma fatty acids occurred in the cholesteryl ester fraction, 54% in the phospholipid fraction, 3% in the triglyceride fraction and 3% in the unesterified fatty acid fraction. There was a positive curvilinear relationship between the concentration of unesterified fatty acids in the plasma and the yield of total milk fatty acids.In the plasma triglycerides, the concentrations of 16:0 and 16:1 were decreased and the concentration of 18:0 was increased when the concentrate mixture contained ‘stearic acid’; the concentration of 16:0 was increased and the concentrations of 18:0, 18:1 and 18:2 were decreased when the concentrate mixture contained ‘palmitic acid’. Similar changes were observed in the compositions of the plasma unesterified fatty acids when the cows were given the different diets.In the plasma cholesteryl esters, the concentration of 16:0 was decreased and the concentrations of 18:3 and 20:4 were increased when the concentrate mixture contained stearic acid; the concentrations of 16:1, 18:3 and 20:4 were increased and the concentration of 18:2 was decreased when the diet was supplemented with palmitic acid. The addition of stearic acid to the diet increased the concentration of 18:0, 18:1 and 18:3 in the plasma phospholipids but decreased the concentrations of 16:0, 18:2, 20:3 and 20:4. When the diet contained palmitic acid the concentrations of 16:0, 16:1, 18:1 and 18:3 in the plasma phospholipids were increased but the concentrations of 18:0, 18:2 and 20:3 were decreased.The major fatty acid circulating in the plasma of the cows was 18:2, which accounted for about 45% of the total plasma fatty acids. Only about 0·7% of the total plasma 18:2 occurred in the plasma triglycerides.The results are discussed in relation to the changes in the composition of the milk fatty acids produced by the cows when they were given the experimental diets.

Excess body fat in men decreases plasma fatty acid availability and oxidation during endurance exercise

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (3) ◽  
pp. E354-E362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Mittendorfer ◽  
David A. Fields ◽  
Samuel Klein
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Total Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Plasma Fatty Acids ◽  
Exercise Induced

The effect of relative body fat mass on exercise-induced stimulation of lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation was evaluated in 15 untrained men (5 lean, 5 overweight, and 5 obese with body mass indexes of 21 ± 1, 27 ± 1, and 34 ± 1 kg/m2, respectively, and %body fat ranging from 12 to 32%). Palmitate and glycerol kinetics and substrate oxidation were assessed during 90 min of cycling at 50% peak aerobic capacity (V̇o2 peak) by use of stable isotope-labeled tracer infusion and indirect calorimetry. An inverse relationship was found between %body fat and exercise-induced increase in glycerol appearance rate relative to fat mass ( r2 = 0.74; P < 0.01). The increase in total fatty acid uptake during exercise [(μmol/kg fat-free mass) × 90 min] was ∼50% smaller in obese (181 ± 70; P < 0.05) and ∼35% smaller in overweight (230 ± 71; P < 0.05) than in lean (354 ± 34) men. The percentage of total fatty acid oxidation derived from systemic plasma fatty acids decreased with increasing body fat, from 49 ± 3% in lean to 39 ± 4% in obese men ( P < 0.05); conversely, the percentage of nonsystemic fatty acids, presumably derived from intramuscular and possibly plasma triglycerides, increased with increasing body fat ( P < 0.05). We conclude that the lipolytic response to exercise decreases with increasing adiposity. The blunted increase in lipolytic rate in overweight and obese men compared with lean men limits the availability of plasma fatty acids as a fuel during exercise. However, the rate of total fat oxidation was similar in all groups because of a compensatory increase in the oxidation of nonsystemic fatty acids.

scholarly journals Changes of Plasma Fatty Acids in Four Lipid Classes to Understand Energy Metabolism at Different Levels of Non-Esterified Fatty Acid (NEFA) in Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1410
Author(s):  
Rossella Tessari ◽  
Michele Berlanda ◽  
Massimo Morgante ◽  
Tamara Badon ◽  
Matteo Gianesella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Central Moment ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Cholesterol Esters ◽  
Plasma Fatty Acids

The transition period is a central moment in dairy cows breeding because metabolic disorders may occur in relation to a dramatic increase in energy demand. This research aimed to identify new biomarkers for the diagnosis of hyperketonemia in bovine in early lactation phase with different value of plasmatic non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA). The profile of plasma fatty acids (FAs) divided into four lipid classes was evaluated using thin layer chromatography and gas chromatographic techniques (TLC-GC). A group of 60 multiparous Holstein–Friesian dairy cows were recruited in the present study. Blood samples were collected from the coccygeal vein and NEFA and the β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) were evaluated. All animals were divided in 2 groups based on NEFA, NEFA0 group had as mean value 0.24 ± 0.12 mEq/L and NEFA1 group had as mean value 0.87 ± 0.23 mEq/L. Plasma FA concentrations were analyzed separately in free fatty acids, cholesterol esters, phospholipids and triglycerides. Six FAs demonstrated a predictive value in the hyperketonemic dairy cows. In the free fatty acid class, the predictive FAs were C14:0 (AUC = 0.77), C18:1 ω 9 (AUC = 0.72), C18:1 ω 7 (AUC = 0.70) and C18:3 ω 3 (AUC = 0.68). In the phospholipids class the predictive parameters were C12:0 (AUC = 0.78) and C8:0 (AUC = 0.73). In cholesterol, esters and triglycerides lipidic classes no FA had a predictive function.

scholarly journals Plasma Linoleic Acid Is Associated with Less Adiposity and Lower Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: An NHANES Analysis (P08-121-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Petersen ◽  
Valerie Sullivan ◽  
Victor Fulgoni ◽  
Fulya Eren ◽  
Martha Cassens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Plasma Fatty Acids

Abstract Objectives To examine relationships between plasma fatty acids, dietary intake of fatty acids, adiposity and risk of metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset. Methods Plasma fatty acids levels (n = 24) measured in NHANES 2001–2003 (n = 1674) and dietary intake of fatty acids (n = 19) from NHANES 2001–2014 (n = 9108) were used for these analyses. The association between plasma fatty acid levels, intake of fatty acids and body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and number of criteria for MetSyn was assessed. Backwards stepwise multiple regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, prescription of anti-hypertensive, lipid-lowering of anti-diabetic medication, modified Health Eating Index-2015 score, physical activity, poverty to income ratio, smoking, and calorie intake were conducted to identify fatty acids that were predictive of the outcomes of interest. Logistic regression analysis, adjusted for the aforementioned covariates, was used to assess the odds of MetSyn, and overweight/obesity associated with each fatty acid. Results Higher levels of the plasma saturated fatty acids myristic acid (14:0), stearic acid (18:0), and docosanoic acid (22:0) were associated with greater BMI, waist circumference, and number of MetSyn criteria (P < 0.01). Arachidic acid (20:0) and lignoceric acid (24:0) were inversely associated with BMI, waist circumference, and number of MetSyn criteria. Plasma linoleic acid (18:2) was the only PUFA inversely associated with BMI (β = −0.002), waist circumference (β = −0.005), and number of MetSyn criteria (β −0.0003) (all P < 0.01). Plasma linoleic acid was also correlated with lower risk of being overweight or obese (odds ratio (OR) 0.9995; P < 0.03) and having an elevated waist circumference (OR 0.9992; P < 0.01). These results were not supported by the dietary fatty acid intake data. Conclusions These data from a representative U.S. cohort indicate that plasma medium and longer chain saturated fats were generally associated with greater adiposity and more criteria for MetSyn, whereas these relationships were not detected for MUFA. Linoleic acid was the only PUFA associated with less adiposity and lower risk of MetSyn and, thus also lower risk of cardiometabolic disease. Funding Sources ACH Food Companies, Inc.

scholarly journals Dietary Fatty Acid Composition Is Associated with FTO Gene Expression in Human Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1706-1706
Author(s):  
Emad Yuzbashian ◽  
Golaleh Asghari ◽  
Catherine B Chan ◽  
Mehdi Hedayati ◽  
Mohammad Safarian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Fto Gene ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Plasma Fatty Acids ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Abstract Objectives The fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) is a functional candidate gene for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome, based on evidence from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that linked it to obesity and metabolic disorders. The FTO gene regulates energy expenditure and intake. We aimed to determine how fatty acid species measured in plasma and dietary intake associate with FTO gene expression in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues. Methods In this study, 97 participants aged ≥18 years were selected from patients admitted to the hospital for abdominal surgeries. These underlying disorders leading to surgeries were not expected to alter the habitual dietary intake of participants. Participants with diagnosed diabetes or cancer, under treatment of dyslipidemia or dysglycemia, and being on prescribed or any special diets were excluded. Habitual dietary intake of participants was collected using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), from which the intake of fatty acids was quantified. Plasma fatty acids were assessed by gas-liquid chromatography. The mRNA expression of the FTO gene in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues obtained by biopsy was measured by real-time quantitative PCR. Results After adjusting for age, HOMA-IR and body mass index, total fatty acid intake was significantly associated with FTO gene expression in visceral (STZβ = 0.208, P = 0.037) and subcutaneous (STZβ = 0.236, P = 0.020) adipose tissues. Dietary intake of MUFA and PUFA had positive significant associations with the expression of FTO in visceral (STZβ = 0.227, P = 0.023; STZβ = 0.346, P &lt; 0.001, respectively) and subcutaneous (STZβ = 0.227, P = 0.026; STZβ = 0.274, P = 0.006, respectively) adipose tissues. There were no significant associations between plasma fatty acids and FTO mRNA expression in either subcutaneous or visceral adipose tissues. Conclusions The association of dietary total fatty acids, MUFA, and PUFA with FTO gene expression in both adipose tissues highlight the importance of dietary fatty acids composition along with total fat intake in relation to FTO gene expression. Funding Sources This study was funded by Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

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