Energy Consumption and Heat Sources in Plant Factories

2019 ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryohei Yokoyama
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Heat Sources

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of the Location of Cold and Heat Sources for the Payload’s Active Thermal Control System on the Lunar Surface

2022 ◽  
Vol 2148 (1) ◽  
pp. 012043
Author(s):  
Hongyu Zhang ◽  
Yajing Li ◽  
Yifei Wang ◽  
Miaocheng Weng ◽  
Fang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Thermal Control ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Temperature Uniformity ◽  
Biological Experiment ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Control System

Abstract The payload of the Chang’e-4 biological experiment is used as an object for designing and analyzing the location of cold and heat sources. The research compares and analyzes the energy consumption and temperature uniformity of cooling and heating sources mounted on different surfaces using Thermal Desktop/Sinda Fluint, which may be used to guide the design and operation of active thermal control systems. The results indicate that when the hot and cold sources are mounted on the payload’s top surface, the total energy consumption of the active thermal control system is minimized and temperature uniformity is improved.

scholarly journals Research on a Systematical Design Method for Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 7032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Li ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
Ping Cui ◽  
Biao Qiao ◽  
Siyang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Performance Based Design ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Zero Energy Building ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Zero Energy Buildings

As a result of the impact of energy consumption, research on ultra-low energy, nearly zero-energy, and zero energy buildings has been conducted in China. However, the design of the nearly zero-energy building is flexible; the traditional architectural design method is not fully applicable to nearly zero-energy buildings. The paper proposed a performance-based design method based on overall energy consumption and progress for the nearly zero-energy building. The design process of the relevant cases was also analyzed. The factors of cold and heat sources, environment, and renewable energy were combined to make a comprehensive analysis to get the optimal scheme of the nearly zero-energy building in the case. In general, the performance-based design method has a certain guiding significance for the design of nearly zero-energy buildings and certainly promotes the expansion of the nearly zero-energy building industry in China.

scholarly journals Tests of an Absorption Cooling Machine at the Gijón Solar Cooling Laboratory

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3962
Author(s):  
María-José Suárez López ◽  
Jesús-Ignacio Prieto ◽  
Eduardo Blanco ◽  
David García
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Solar Cooling ◽  
Absorption Cooling ◽  
Final Energy Consumption ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

Final energy consumption in the residential sector is increasing, even in countries with favourable climate conditions and technological capacity to promote the use of renewable resources and energy efficiency. Air conditioning systems based on absorption cycles are common solutions in solar assisted installations. In this paper, the main characteristics of the Gijón Solar Cooling Laboratory (GSCL) are summarized, showing its ability to test cooling machines with a variety of heat sources and sinks, as well as different technologies and strategies. An absorption machine with internal energy storage in LiCl salts has been tested at the GSCL, measuring power and temperatures as a function of time during several charging and discharging cycles. During the charging cycles, the operation of the machine was analysed for various hot temperatures and power values. In the discharging cycles, special attention was paid to the refrigeration capacity produced for various chilled water temperatures. The results led to coefficient of performance COP values that are in line with those expected for this technology. Satisfactory operation of the system seems difficult at activation temperatures below 75 °C. For low levels of insolation, this limitation could lead to an increase in auxiliary energy consumption.

Case Study Heat Capacity for an Industrial Plant Facility in a Complex

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babak Seyedan ◽  
Rory Hynes ◽  
Satish K. Bhan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Parallel Machines ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Industrial Plant ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Cogeneration System

Cogeneration systems are typically used for supplying heat and electricity generation. The main advantages of such systems are energy savings and reduced operational costs. Plants that use cogeneration systems are often equipped with parallel components feeding various internal energy vector networks. The energy consumption of the plant can be improved by selecting suitable operating levels of the various parallel machines and components connected to the cogeneration system. Recently, cogeneration systems have been equipped with comprehensive monitoring systems. With the availability of these monitoring systems, the concept of a computerized procedure capable of recognizing the status of the equipment from the monitoring data to optimize the plant operation has been established. This can lead to significant economic and energy consumption improvements. In this paper, heat capacity of a typical installation is presented and a procedure to optimize energy utilization is developed. The procedure is presented for a cogeneration system based on natural gas engines, hot water boilers and other heat sources. Plant existing condition is taken as a reference condition. To improve system heat capacity, two alternate methods have been proposed and compared with plant existing condition. First option is the use of system available heat sources as a prime heat source and the second option is adding new gas boilers to improve complex heat production and also as a back up heat source to meet peak complex heat demand requirements. General block diagram of the system is presented and discussed. Installation heat load allocation is analyzed.

scholarly journals Comparison of cooling load and air conditioning systems in a lecture hall located in Poland and Spain

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00081
Author(s):  
Dorota Anna Krawczyk ◽  
Bernadetta Wądołowska ◽  
Antonio Rodero
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Lecture Hall ◽  
Cooling Load ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Air Infiltration ◽  
Electrical Devices ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems ◽  
North And South

This paper discusses issues related to cooling load and energy consumption for air conditioning systems and presents the results of calculations conducted for six different climate localizations: three in Poland (Bialystok, Warsaw, Wroclaw) and three in Spain (Burgos, Madrid, Cordoba). Analysis was conducted for a same lecture hall design for 100 users locates in the different cities. During cooling load calculations, we focused on gains from diverse type of heat sources: electrical devices, air infiltration, heat transfer trough envelope and occupants. Calculations were made for a comfort temperature that was set at 22°C in Poland and 24°C in Spain following previous studies [11]. The highest contributions to cooling load correspond to occupancy and solar gains which depends mainly on outdoor conditions. In Poland, cooling load was found similar for different locations, while in Spain, they are big differences between cities located in North and South of this country by effect of different outdoor conditions. The work also compares cost of air condition annual energy consumption costs for the air conditioning system. Highest cost for cooling was found in Spain (Cordoba) with value (2629 €) almost 378% higher than average Polish cost.

scholarly journals Rancang Bangun Pengering Surya Tipe Bak Untuk Biji Kopi

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-39
Author(s):  
Hendri Syah ◽  
Raida Agustina ◽  
Ryan Moulana
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Functional Design ◽  
Chamber Furnace ◽  
Batch Type ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Drying Chamber

Abstrak . Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendesain dan membuat pengering tipe bak dengan sumber panas berasal dari tungku sekam kopi dan kolektor surya untuk pengeringan biji kopi, menguji kinerja dan menghitung konsumsi energi pengeringan alat yang telah dihasilkan dan menghitung biaya pokok pengeringan biji kopi dengan menggunakan alat yang telah dihasilkan. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 3 (lima) tahapan meliputi; (1) rancangan struktural dan fungsional pengering tipe bak, tungku dan kolektor surya, (2) konstruksi alat hasil rancangan, (3) Uji fungsional. Hasil penelitian ini adalah pengering surya tipe bak yang telah berhasil dirancang bangun. Selama 10 hari pengujian, dapat diketahui bahwa pengering dan kolektor surya sudah berfungsi dengan baik. Pengering ini masih banyak dipengaruhi oleh cuaca sehingga penggunaan tungku biomassa sebagai suplemen energi sangat diperlukan. Suhu udara rata-rata pengering atau bak yang dihasilkan berkisar antara 36,2 C sampai 48,6 C, sedangkan kelembaban relatif (RH) berkisar 43,6%-72,6%.  Design of Hybrid Dryer With Batch Type for Coffee Beans Abstract. The main aim of this study was to design and develop hybrid dryer in which heat sources are coming from coffee husks furnace and solar collectors used for coffee beans drying. We also tested its performance and calculated the energy consumption produced and total costs required to perform coffee beans drying. The study consisted of three stages; (1) structural and functional design of drying chamber, furnace and solar collector, (2) dryer construction and development, (3) functional test. The overall results of this study showed that solar collector was effectively working properly during the ten days drying. Yet, this developed dryer is still heavily influenced by the weather, and thus the use of biomass as an energy supplement is needed. The average air temperature produced by the dryer ranges between 36.2 oC to 48.6 oC, while the relative humidity (RH) ranging from 43.6% -72.6%. 

scholarly journals Perspectives on Consumer Habits with Domestic Refrigerators and Its Consequences for Energy Consumption: Case of Study in Guanajuato, Mexico

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Belman-Flores ◽  
Diana Pardo-Cely ◽  
Francisco Elizalde-Blancas ◽  
Armando Gallegos-Muñoz ◽  
Vicente Pérez-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Door Opening ◽  
Energy Point ◽  
Photographic Evidence ◽  
Consumer Habits

This work presents the main behaviors shown in the habits of consumers of domestic refrigerators, which influences the energy consumption of this appliance. This study is based on a series of surveys answered by 200 consumers from four cities in the State of Guanajuato, Mexico. The questions were arranged with the aim of evaluating the general characteristics and usage habits such as refrigerator age, door opening frequency, damper position, load of food supplies, external and internal cleaning habits, and nearby heat sources, among other things. The randomly interviewed consumers were individuals between 20 and 60 years of age, who were interviewed using handmade surveys by experts in the field of refrigeration. In some cases, photographic evidence was gathered from the consumers’ refrigerators to represent the typical usage habits. In general, the results show that better usage habits are necessary from an energy point of view. Most consumers agree with adopting best practices for using their refrigerator.

scholarly journals The Use of a Heat Pump in a Ventilation Unit as an Economical and Ecological Source of Heat for the Ventilation System of an Indoor Swimming Pool Facility

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6695
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Ratajczak ◽  
Edward Szczechowiak
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Cost Index ◽  
Global Cost ◽  
Investment Cost ◽  
High Investment

Air handling units are usually used to maintain the thermal and humidity parameters in indoor swimming pools that are used for lap swimming and recreation. Their use throughout the year consumes much more energy than, for example, air conditioning in residential or office buildings. Their considerable energy consumption is due to the need for their continuous operation to remove moisture gains from the evaporation of water and to heat the air and cover the heat losses of the pool. It is possible to design ventilation devices in such a way that the operating costs will be reduced, and the environmental impact will be significantly reduced. In this article, six different ventilation units in which different heat sources are used to heat the ventilation air have been evaluated; the selection of which was based on the most commonly used solutions. The results of the analysis are aimed to show which of the available heat sources is the most advantageous in terms of global and operating costs, and in terms of low CO2 emissions. Indicators of both the final and primary energy consumption, as well as the operating and global costs, were determined. The recommended solution that was chosen was the one that had both the lowest cost index (18–20% lower than most ecological sources) and the low primary energy index (8–13% higher than most ecological sources). The results showed that a heat pump in the ventilation unit proved to be the most beneficial solution. Unfortunately, this solution is rarely used due to its high investment costs (20% higher). However, the results have shown that the investment cost of using an advanced air handling unit will be recouped in only two to three years. Also, the global cost for units with a heat pump proved to be the lowest, despite high investment cost.

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