Cross-sectional age comparisons on cognitive ability, thinking disposition, probabilistic numeracy and superstitious thinking measures

2022 ◽  
pp. 233-238
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Thinking Disposition

scholarly journals Contribution of IQ in young adulthood to the associations of education and occupation with cognitive ability in older age

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Insa Feinkohl ◽  
Petra Kozma ◽  
Friedrich Borchers ◽  
Simone J. T. van Montfort ◽  
Jochen Kruppa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Summary Score ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Abstract Background Studies suggest that a higher education and occupation are each associated with a higher late-life cognitive ability, but their inter-relationships in their association with cognitive ability and the contribution of peak IQ in young adulthood (‘pre-morbid IQ’) often remain unclear. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of 623 participants aged ≥65 years of the BioCog study. Education was coded according to the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED; range 1 to 6). Occupation was coded as ‘semi/unskilled’, ‘skilled manual’, ‘skilled non-manual’, ‘managerial’, ‘professional’. A summary score of global ability (‘g’) was constructed from six cognitive tests. Pre-morbid IQ was estimated from vocabulary. The Geriatric Depression Scale assessed symptoms of depression. Age- and sex-adjusted analyses of covariance were performed. Results Education (partial eta2 0.076; p < 0.001) and occupation (partial eta2 = 0.037; p < 0.001) were each significantly associated with g. For education, the association was attenuated but remained statistically significant when pre-morbid IQ was controlled for (partial eta2 0.036; p < 0.001) and was unchanged with additional adjustment for depression (partial eta2 0.037; p < 0.001). For occupation, the association with g was no longer significant when pre-morbid IQ (partial eta2 = 0.015; p = 0.06) and depression (partial eta2 = 0.011; p = 0.18) were entered as covariates in separate steps. When education and occupation were entered concurrently into the fully adjusted model, only education was independently associated with g (partial eta2 0.030; p < 0.001; occupation, p = 0.93). Conclusion While a higher education and a higher occupation were each associated with a higher late-life cognitive ability, only for education some unique contribution to cognitive ability remained over and above its relationship with pre-morbid IQ, depression, and occupation. Further research is needed to address whether a longer time spent in education may promote late-life cognitive ability.

scholarly journals Association Between Renal Function and Cognitive Ability Domains in the Einstein Aging Study: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 764-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea R. Zammit ◽  
Mindy J. Katz ◽  
Jennifer Y. Lai ◽  
Molly E. Zimmerman ◽  
Markus Bitzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Sectional Analysis

scholarly journals Dietary patterns in early childhood and child cognitive and psychomotor development: the Rhea mother–child cohort study in Crete

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (8) ◽  
pp. 1431-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasiliki Leventakou ◽  
Theano Roumeliotaki ◽  
Katerina Sarri ◽  
Katerina Koutra ◽  
Mariza Kampouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Verbal Ability ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Psychomotor Development ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Posterior Cortex ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

AbstractEarly-life nutrition is critical for optimal brain development; however, few studies have evaluated the impact of diet as a whole in early childhood on neurological development with inconsistent results. The present analysis is a cross-sectional study nested within an ongoing prospective birth cohort, the Rhea study, and aims to examine the association of dietary patterns with cognitive and psychomotor development in 804 preschool (mean age 4·2 years) children. Parents completed a validated FFQ, and dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis. Child cognitive and psychomotor development was assessed by the McCarthy Scales of Children’s Abilities (MSCA). Multivariable linear regression models were used to investigate the associations of dietary patterns with the MSCA scales. After adjustment for a large number of confounding factors, the ‘Snacky’ pattern (potatoes and other starchy roots, salty snacks, sugar products and eggs) was negatively associated with the scales of verbal ability (β=−1·31; 95 % CI −2·47, −0·16), general cognitive ability (β=−1·13; 95 % CI −2·25, −0·02) and cognitive functions of the posterior cortex (β=−1·20; 95 % CI −2·34, −0·07). Further adjustment for maternal intelligence, folic acid supplementation and alcohol use during pregnancy attenuated the observed associations, but effect estimates remained at the same direction. The ‘Western’ and the ‘Mediterranean’ patterns were not associated with child neurodevelopmental scales. The present findings suggest that poorer food choices at preschool age characterised by foods high in fat, salt and sugar are associated with reduced scores in verbal and cognitive ability.

scholarly journals Cognitive and functional ability of elderly women practitioners of different modalities of exercise

Rev Rene ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 872
Author(s):  
Daniel Vicentini de Oliveira ◽  
Ana Paula Serra Araújo ◽  
Sônia Maria Marques Gomes Bertolini
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Functional Ability ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: to compare the functional capacity and cognitive ability of elderly women engaged in various forms of physical exercise. Methods: quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive, observational and analytical study with 120 volunteers, divided into three groups of 40 elderly: water aerobics group, fitness center of the third age group and weight training group. Functional ability was assessed by functional evaluation Protocol of the Latin American Development Group for the Maturity and the cognitive ability was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination. Results: the functional capacity of elderly in the three modalities were classified as weak, showing no significant difference between groups (p = 0.082). Cognitive ability reached nearly maximum scores in the three modalities of exercise, without statistical significance (p = 0.062). Conclusion: functional capacity of elderly women is low and the type of exercise does not interfere with cognitive performance.

scholarly journals Relationships of Accelerometer-based Measured Objective Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour with Cognitive Function: A Comparative Cross-sectional Study of China’s Elderly Population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi jian Wu ◽  
Zhu ying Wang ◽  
Bing qian Hu ◽  
Xu hui Zhang ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Light Physical Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: This study explored the effects of physical activity and sedentary behaviour on the decline of cognitive ability among the elderly. To compensate for the limitations of self-reported physical activity, objective measures were used. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 308 aged people mean 68.66±5.377 years, in Nanjing, China, was conducted. Physical activity was measured using the ActiGraph GT3X+, and cognitive function was measured using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Results: The overall participant model, adjusted for age, BMI, education, and monthly average income, found that light physical activity (β=0.006, p<0.01), moderate-vigorous physical activity (β=0.068, p<0.001), and total physical activity (β=0.006, p<0.01) had a significant linear relationship with cognitive ability, while sedentary time did not (β=-0.020, p＞0.05). Further, light physical activity only affects the cognitive ability of elderly females (β=0.006, p<0.05). There was an inverted ‘U’ association between moderate-vigorous physical activity and cognitive ability. The association models found that moderate-vigorous physical activity in the 22.13 min·day–1～38.79 min·day–1 range affected cognitive ability most beneficially, with the highest beta coefficient among all groups (β=0.091, p<0.05). Conclusions: While physical activity can significantly improve cognitive ability among the elderly, sedentary behaviour is associated with decreased cognitive function across genders.

scholarly journals Relationships of Accelerometer-based Measured Objective Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour with Cognitive Function: A Comparative Cross-sectional Study of China’s Elderly Population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi jian Wu ◽  
Zhu ying Wang ◽  
Bing qian Hu ◽  
Xu hui Zhang ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Light Physical Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract This study explored the effects of physical activity and sedentary behaviour on the decline of cognitive ability among the elderly. To compensate for the limitations of self-reported physical activity, objective measures were used. A cross-sectional survey of 308 aged people mean 68.66±5.377 years, in Nanjing, China, was conducted. Physical activity was measured using the ActiGraph GT3X+, and cognitive function was measured using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. The overall participant model, adjusted for age, BMI, education, and monthly average income, found that light physical activity (β=0.006, p<0.01), moderate-vigorous physical activity (β=0.068, p<0.001), and total physical activity (β=0.006, p<0.01) had a significant linear relationship with cognitive ability, while sedentary time did not (β=-0.020, p＞0.05). Further, light physical activity only affects the cognitive ability of elderly females (β=0.006, p<0.05). There was an inverted ‘U’ association between moderate-vigorous physical activity and cognitive ability. The association models found that moderate-vigorous physical activity in the 22.13 min·day –1 ～38.79 min·day –1 range affected cognitive ability most beneficially, with the highest beta coefficient among all groups (β=0.091, p<0.05). In conclusion, while physical activity can significantly improve cognitive ability among the elderly, sedentary behaviour is associated with decreased cognitive function across genders.

Relationship between Accuracy in Ability Perception, Academic Performance, and Metacognitive Skills among Engineering Undergraduates

2012 ◽  
pp. 364-377
Author(s):  
Azlina Mohd Kosnin ◽  
Mohd Fadzil Daud
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Metacognitive Skills ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ability Tests ◽  
Accurate Perception ◽  
Engineering Undergraduates

A quantitative study using cross-sectional descriptive research design was conducted to investigate engineering undergraduates’ accuracy in perception of cognitive ability and its relationship with academic achievement and metacognitive skills. A total of 465 second year UTM students from an engineering degree programme were involved in the study. Results of their cognitive ability tests were compared to responses from self-report assessments of matched domains of ability. The discrepancy between tested and self-reported responses was then compared to academic achievement and metacognitive skills. Results indicate that high achievers are more accurate in their perception of their ability compared to students with lower level of achievement. Similar patterns were observed for metacognitive skills where undergraduates with the most accurate perception of ability show the highest level of metacognitive skills. Results also show significant positive correlation between metacognitive skills and academic achievement. Accuracy of one’s perception of ability may have something to do with the ability to think about thinking (metacognition). Findings from this study would not only provide evidence regarding the role of metacognition in influencing perception of ability and the possible outcome on academic achievement, but more importantly, such information can have an impact on the process of teaching and learning as well as academic advising. Steps in helping students to increase their metacognitive skills and gain more accurate estimation of their ability are suggested.

Associations among the Subtests: The Full-Form CART

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith E. Stanovich ◽  
Richard F. West ◽  
Maggie E. Toplak
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Large Scale Study ◽  
Full Form ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Thinking Disposition

This chapter describes a large-scale study of the full-form version of the CART involving 747 subjects. Reliabilities of all the subtests are reported, as well as correlations with measures of cognitive ability and the four thinking disposition scales of the CART. Correlations among all the subtests are reported as well as a principal components analysis of the subtests. Comparisons between the full-form CART and the short-form CART are presented as well as comparisons with even briefer forms of the test than the short form.

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