Grinding tool conditioning

This paper discusses the kinematic characteristics of lapping process and the main parameters of the process. It was determined that the influencing degree of technological parameters to the forming surface and processes. It was projected the construction of the lapping head for processing of internal cylindrical surfaces, scheme of the lapping operation and graphic description of the forces influencing. The relationships between the axial, radial and tangential cutting forces and the effect of the combined force thereof are determined in order to ensure the necessary surface pressure. During the analysis geometric and mathematical relationships were obtained. The extracted analytical expressions can be realized by further experimental researches and can be used in engineering calculations of technological parameters of processing by lapping. Angular velocity, friction force, linear velocity, also the length of the tactile curve and the radius of the part can be considered the main kinematic and dynamic parameters of the process that the formation of the surface, also the course of the process depends on these parameters. Depending on the kinematic parameters, the wear nature of the tool changes and this changes the linear and angular velocities, which have a significant impact on the accuracy, quality and productivity of processing. When examining the technological capabilities of the process, the nature of the movement between the part and the grinding tool, also changes in cutting speed are often considered as a main factor. Analytical expressions were obtained to determine the main parameters of the process, taking into account the kinematic characteristics of the friction process. These expressions can be used in engineering calculations and allow to determine the optimal values of the processing mode. In order to obtain the required micrometric surface cleanliness and measurement accuracy, correlation relationships were established between the main parameters of the process, equations of the equilibrium system of shear forces were compiled and analytical expressions were obtained based on the analysis of kinematic and dynamic properties of the system.

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Analytical and experimental study on micro-grinding surface-generated mechanism of DD5 single-crystal superalloy using micro-diamond pencil grinding tool

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.1007/s43452-020-00163-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yao Sun ◽

Zhipeng Su ◽

Yadong Gong ◽

Dsechun Ba ◽

Guoqiang Yin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Single Crystal ◽

Single Crystal Superalloy ◽

Grinding Tool

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Potentials of Vitrified and Elastic Bonded Fine Grinding Worms in Continuous Generating Gear Grinding

Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing ◽

10.3390/jmmp5010004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 4

Author(s):

Maximilian Schrank ◽

Jens Brimmers ◽

Thomas Bergs

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Manufacturing Processes ◽

Fine Grinding ◽

Gear Grinding ◽

Profile Line ◽

Grinding Tool ◽

Process Behavior ◽

Hard Finishing ◽

Tooth Flank ◽

Process Strategy

Continuous generating gear grinding with vitrified grinding worms is an established process for the hard finishing of gears for high-performance transmissions. Due to the increasing requirements for gears in terms of power density, the required surface roughness is continuously decreasing. In order to meet the required tooth flank roughness, common manufacturing processes are polish grinding with elastic bonded grinding tools and fine grinding with vitrified grinding tools. The process behavior and potential of the different bonds for producing super fine surfaces in generating gear grinding have not been sufficiently scientifically investigated yet. Therefore, the objective of this report is to evaluate these potentials. Part of the investigations are the generating gear grinding process with elastic bonded, as well as vitrified grinding worms with comparable grit sizes. The potential of the different tool specifications is empirically investigated independent of the grain size, focusing on the influence of the bond. One result of the investigations was that the tooth flank roughness could be reduced to nearly the same values with the polish and the fine grinding tool. Furthermore, a dependence of the roughness on the selected grinding parameters could not be determined. However, it was found out that the profile line after polish grinding is significantly dependent on the process strategy used.

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Videooptical Surface Shape and Integrity Estimation in Robots Machining

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.332.270 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 332 ◽

pp. 270-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Tadeusz Mikolajczyk

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Industrial Robot ◽

Surface Shape ◽

Engineering System ◽

Machined Surface ◽

Reflectivity Method ◽

Machining System ◽

Grinding Tool ◽

Smart Machining ◽

Usb Camera

Paper shows system to surface shape and quality control in machining using industrial robot. To surface control videooptical methods were used. Surface shape was controlled using the special reverse engineering system. To surface roughness measure machined surface reflectivity method was used. Used own constructions non contact system was equipped with red laser light and USB camera. Wrist of robot was equipped with grinding tool. In paper shows some algorithms of presented processes. Shown too examples of experiments results in surface roughness measure in start end of grinding process. First trials of presented system shows possibility to build smart machining system for finishing of surface with unknown shape.

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GrindBall: an advanced micro-grinding tool

Production Engineering ◽

10.1007/s11740-013-0469-z ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 469-476 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

E. Brinksmeier ◽

B. Orlik ◽

R. Groll ◽

C. Brandao ◽

A. Norbach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grinding Tool

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Machining and Grinding: A Historical Review of the Classical Papers

Applied Mechanics Reviews ◽

10.1115/1.3121404 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 80-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

R. Komanduri

Keyword(s):

Metal Cutting ◽

Historical Review ◽

Living Standards ◽

Michael Field ◽

Tool Materials ◽

The Us ◽

Giant Step ◽

Grinding Tool ◽

Manufacturing Productivity ◽

American Classic

Major contributions to machining and grinding research in the US came in the twentieth century. The seminal work by Frederick Winslow Taylor on the Art of Cutting Metals published in 1907 was the beginning of a series of serious and systematic studies on the various aspects of metal cutting and grinding in this century. This monumental work, which became an American classic, continues to inspire many a researcher in this field even today. It was followed by the works of other pioneers, including Orlan W Boston, Hans Ernst, M E Martellotti, Max Kronenberg, M Eugene Merchant, Milton C Shaw, Michael Field, John Kahles, K J Roubik, K Armitage, Ken Trigger, B T Chao, Alfred Schmidt, William W Gilbert, Fran Boulger, Lester Colwell, Carl Oxford, Erich Thomsen, Robert Hahn, and many others. Many of the associates of the pioneers including Nathan Cook, Iain Finnie, B F von Turkovich, Shiro Kobayaski, Inyong Ham, E Loewen, and others including W B Rice, S M Wu, and J Tlusty have made significant contributions to these fields in their own right. There is no doubt that this century will be heralded by the historians as the golden age of metal cutting and grinding research, particularly the period between 1940 and 1960. It was, however, M Eugene Merchant’s paper on the Basic Mechanics of the Metal Cutting Process in 1945 that took a giant step from the art of metal cutting to the science of metal cutting. This work laid the foundation for much of the work that is practiced today. It can be stated unequivocally that because of the significant contributions by the pioneers and their associates, metal cutting and grinding research today is rich in its heritage and contents, and has contributed towards the improvement of manufacturing productivity. It has thereby facilitated the improvement of living standards around the world. In this review, the following ten topics are addressed briefly: Physics of Machining; Mechanics of Machining; Shear and Friction in Machining; Thermal Aspects of Machining and Grinding; Tool Materials, Tool Wear, and Machinability; Multiple Cutting Points; Grinding; Vibrations in Machining; Surface Integrity; and Economics of Machining.

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Quick-change Double-station Stainless Steel Pot Grinding Tool for Robot

10.47939/et.v2i8.391 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Grinding Tool

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Development of the cBN Electroplated End-Mill for High Precision Machining of CFRP

JSME 2020 Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing/Materials and Processing ◽

10.1115/lemp2020-8604 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shinnosuke Yamashita ◽

Tatsuya Furuki ◽

Hiroyuki Kousaka ◽

Toshiki Hirogaki ◽

Eiichi Aoyama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

End Milling ◽

Drop Out ◽

End Mill ◽

Machined Surface ◽

Side Milling ◽

Reinforced Plastics ◽

Milled Surface ◽

Grinding Conditions ◽

Grinding Tool

Abstract Recently, the demand of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) has been rapidly increased in various fields. In most cases, CFRP products requires a finish machining like cutting or grinding. In the case of an end-milling, burrs and uncut fibers are easy to occur. On the other hand, a precise machined surface and edge will be able to obtain by using the grinding tool. Therefore, this research has been developed a novel the cBN electroplated end-mill that combined end-mill and grinding tool. In this report, the effectiveness of developed tool was investigated. First, the developed tool cut the CFRP with side milling. As the result, the cBN abrasives that were fixed on the outer surface of developed tool did not drop out. Next, the end-milled surface of CFRP was ground with the developed tool under several grinding conditions based on the Design of Experiment. Consequently, the optimum grinding condition that can obtain the sharp edge which does not have burrs and uncut fibers was found. However, surface roughness was not good enough. Thus, an oscillating grinding was applied. In addition, the theoretical surface roughness formula in case using the developed tool was formularized. As the result, the required surface roughness in the airplane field was obtained.

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