KINEMATIC FEATURES OF THE LAPPING PROCESS AND DETERMINATION OF ITS BASIC PARAMETERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
EZIZ SARVAN SHIRVAN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Equilibrium System ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Kinematic Characteristics ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Grinding Tool ◽  
Mathematical Relationships ◽  
Analytical Expressions

This paper discusses the kinematic characteristics of lapping process and the main parameters of the process. It was determined that the influencing degree of technological parameters to the forming surface and processes. It was projected the construction of the lapping head for processing of internal cylindrical surfaces, scheme of the lapping operation and graphic description of the forces influencing. The relationships between the axial, radial and tangential cutting forces and the effect of the combined force thereof are determined in order to ensure the necessary surface pressure. During the analysis geometric and mathematical relationships were obtained. The extracted analytical expressions can be realized by further experimental researches and can be used in engineering calculations of technological parameters of processing by lapping. Angular velocity, friction force, linear velocity, also the length of the tactile curve and the radius of the part can be considered the main kinematic and dynamic parameters of the process that the formation of the surface, also the course of the process depends on these parameters. Depending on the kinematic parameters, the wear nature of the tool changes and this changes the linear and angular velocities, which have a significant impact on the accuracy, quality and productivity of processing. When examining the technological capabilities of the process, the nature of the movement between the part and the grinding tool, also changes in cutting speed are often considered as a main factor. Analytical expressions were obtained to determine the main parameters of the process, taking into account the kinematic characteristics of the friction process. These expressions can be used in engineering calculations and allow to determine the optimal values of the processing mode. In order to obtain the required micrometric surface cleanliness and measurement accuracy, correlation relationships were established between the main parameters of the process, equations of the equilibrium system of shear forces were compiled and analytical expressions were obtained based on the analysis of kinematic and dynamic properties of the system.

Possible examinations of stone machining focused on the relationship between technological parameters and surface quality

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zs. Kun ◽  
I. G. Gyurika
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Motion Path ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Manufacturing Time

Abstract The stone products with different sizes, geometries and materials — like machine tool's bench, measuring machine's board or sculptures, floor tiles — can be produced automatically while the manufacturing engineer uses objective function similar to metal cutting. This function can minimise the manufacturing time or the manufacturing cost, in other cases it can maximise of the tool's life. To use several functions, manufacturing engineers need an overall theoretical background knowledge, which can give useful information about the choosing of technological parameters (e.g. feed rate, depth of cut, or cutting speed), the choosing of applicable tools or especially the choosing of the optimum motion path. A similarly important customer's requirement is the appropriate surface roughness of the machined (cut, sawn or milled) stone product. This paper's first part is about a five-month-long literature review, which summarizes in short the studies (researches and results) considered the most important by the authors. These works are about the investigation of the surface roughness of stone products in stone machining. In the second part of this paper the authors try to determine research possibilities and trends, which can help to specify the relation between the surface roughness and technological parameters. Most of the suggestions of this paper are about stone milling, which is the least investigated machining method in the world.

scholarly journals Substantiation of technical and operational characteristics of the device to sort corn cobs

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00094
Author(s):  
Dmitry N. Byshov ◽  
Irina A. Petunina ◽  
Elena A. Kotelevskaya ◽  
Sergey N. Borychev ◽  
Georgy K. Rembalovich
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Corn Cobs ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Treated Plant ◽  
Working Bodies

The paper presents a method to substantiate the technical and technological parameters of the device to sort corn cobs, which takes into account the biometric and physical-mechanical properties of the treated plant objects. The method of basic parameters substantiation involves determining the overall dimensions of the device, the geometric and technological parameters of the working bodies, as well as the energy for operation.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF THE MAIN PARAMETERS OF THE ROTARY MOWER CUTTING APPARATUS

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
Dmitry Kondratyuk ◽  
Vitaliy Komaha
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Angular Speed ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Rotary Cutting ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Translational Speed

For mowing grass during harvesting of hay or haylage, support-free mowers with rotary movement of knives are used mainly, the productivity of which is much greater than segment-finger mowers. Free-cutting cutting apparatuses with rotational movement of knives happen with their rotation around the vertical (rotary) and horizontal (rotary) axes. Mowers that are equipped with rotary cutting devices significantly grind grass, so they are used in mower-grinders and lawn mowers. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the methodology for calculating the structural and kinematic parameters of rotary cutting devices, corresponding to the conditions of their use. The main parameters characterizing the operation of rotary cutting devices are: area, mows than in one revolution of the disk; knife working length; overlapping knives of adjacent rotors; cutting speed. In determining the basic parameters of the rotary cutting apparatus of the mower, the following assumptions were made. It was believed that the angular speed of the rotor and the translational speed of the mower are unchanged, and the movement of the unit is straightforward. In addition, the cutting apparatus performs mowing in a plane parallel to the soil surface, that is, in a plane perpendicular to most plant stems. It is shown that the absolute speed of any point of the knife varies from the maximum value equal to the sum of the peripheral speed of this point and the aggregation speed of the mower, to the minimum - the difference of the above speeds. It was found that the working length of the cutting edge of the knife is directly proportional to the speed of aggregation of the mower and inversely proportional to the angular velocity of the rotor and the number of knives mounted on it. The overlap of the path of the knives of adjacent rotors depends on the radius of the rotor; the number of knives mounted on it and the kinematic mode of operation of the cutting apparatus. Moreover, an increase in the radius of the rotor requires an increase in overlap, and an increase in the kinematic mode and the number of knives leads to a decrease in the overlap between the paths of the knives. The resulting dependence, which allows you to determine the area, mows than in one revolution of the rotor.

scholarly journals STUDY OF AUXILIARY GAS PRESSURE ON LASER CUTTING TECHNOLOGY

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Lyubomir Lazov ◽  
Hristina Deneva ◽  
Erika Teirumnieka
Keyword(s):  
Laser Power ◽  
Laser Cutting ◽  
Sheet Steel ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Gas Pressure ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Focus Position ◽  
Angle Deviation ◽  
Basic Parameters

Two types of electrical sheet steel M250-35A and M530-50A were used to cut by melting with a TruLaser 1030 technological system. It was observed that pressure of auxiliary gas had a major effect on kerf width b and cut angle deviation α. Nitrogen as an assisted gas has been taken. The basic parameters as laser power, cutting speed, focus position were constantly supported and the pressure was changed from 4 bar to 20 bar by step 2 bar. As well as the experimental results of gas pressure on entrance and exit kerf widths, have been analyzed and discussed in this study.

scholarly journals The influence of brushing on the surface quality of aluminium

2018 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 01015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe Teicher ◽  
Richard Schulze ◽  
Alexander Brosius ◽  
Andreas Nestler
Keyword(s):  
Surface Quality ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Milling Operation ◽  
Metal Machining ◽  
Modelling Methods ◽  
Main Influence

The extension of technical capabilities of machine centres for complete machining of components can improve their performance. In the field of sheet metal machining, the objective beside the classic milling operation was a generation of functional surfaces by face brushing. The experimental studies have probed the influence of tools and technological parameters on the surface quality. In addition to an analysis of the relevant roughness parameters the formation of the surface topography was analysed by several measurement methods. By the application of force measurement, the results of the surface quality can be interpreted additionally. It could be shown that the feed rate in contrast to the cutting speed has the main influence on the surface roughness. A peculiarity is given by the parameter-based width of cut that should be known for reliable process control. The acquired data can be applied in the form of process characteristic fields for further processing with simulation and modelling methods.

scholarly journals Static and Dynamic Properties of a Few Spin 1/2 Interacting Fermions Trapped in a Harmonic Potential

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1196
Author(s):  
Abel Rojo-Francàs ◽  
Artur Polls ◽  
Bruno Juliá-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Sum Rules ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Interaction Strength ◽  
Dynamical Structure ◽  
Static Properties ◽  
Oscillator Potential ◽  
Harmonic Oscillator Potential ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
State Densities ◽  
Analytical Expressions

We provide a detailed study of the properties of a few interacting spin 1 / 2 fermions trapped in a one-dimensional harmonic oscillator potential. The interaction is assumed to be well represented by a contact delta potential. Numerical results obtained by means of direct diagonalization techniques are combined with analytical expressions for both the non-interacting and strongly interacting regime. The N = 2 case is used to benchmark our numerical techniques with the known exact solution of the problem. After a detailed description of the numerical methods, in a tutorial-like manner, we present the static properties of the system for N = 2 , 3 , 4 and 5 particles, e.g., low-energy spectrum, one-body density matrix, ground-state densities. Then, we consider dynamical properties of the system exploring first the excitation of the breathing mode, using the dynamical structure function and corresponding sum-rules, and then a sudden quench of the interaction strength.

scholarly journals Research of the hydraulic resistance of the granular filter of the sweeping mashnine

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 01049
Author(s):  
Rashid Sharapov
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Resistance ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Air Purification ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Variable Parameters ◽  
Granular Filter ◽  
Modern Cities ◽  
Mathematical Expressions ◽  
Cleaning Equipment ◽  
Analytical Expressions

The article focuses on the need to improve the ecology in modern cities based on the development of new cleaning equipment. It is proposed to use a granular filter as a dust cleaning unit in sweeping machines. The advantages of granular filters over other types of filtering apparatus are given. The basic schemes of working equipment of sweepers are considered. To describe the processes during air purification in the proposed granular filter, mathematical expressions are proposed to determine the hydraulic resistance of the proposed filter. When developing analytical expressions, the structural and technological features of the proposed filter were taken into account. The results of calculating the hydraulic resistance of the proposed granular filter depending on its main structural and technological parameters are obtained. To confirm the obtained analytical expressions, experimental studies were carried out. The clinker of the Belgorod cement plant of a fraction of -10 + 5 mm was selected as the filtering material. During the experiment, cement was used as dust with a specific surface of various dispersion, determined by the parameter δ50. In addition, filtering speed and filtering time are accepted as variable parameters.

Goodness Indicator and Technological Optimization of Honing

2013 ◽  
Vol 581 ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ottó Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Material Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Complex Surface ◽  
Technology Planning ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Machining Processes ◽  
Important Field ◽  
Abrasive Cutting

Optimisation of technological processes is an important field of research of machining processes. Honing process, its aim and results are affected more factors. Effectiveness is expressed by the following parameters: accuracy, surface roughness, complex surface quality (integrity),material removal rate, costs and productivity of the process. Developed method helps the technology planning and with the introduced new goodness indicator, investigates and corrects it. Optimization and minimization of costs can be ensured at given technological circumstances and technological parameters. With adjustment of the pressure (p) and the cutting speed (vc) economy of the process can be increased in the factory. Developed method can be applied for machining by other abrasive cutting tools. The paper summarizes new results of this theoretical and experimental research.

scholarly journals The Influence of Different Assist Gases on Ductile Cast Iron Cutting by CO2 Laser

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Meško ◽  
R. Nigrovič ◽  
A. Zrak
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Laser Cutting ◽  
Roughness Parameter ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Nodular Cast Iron ◽  
Ductile Cast Iron ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
The Stability

Abstract This article deals with the technology and principles of the laser cutting of ductile cast iron. The properties of the CO2 laser beam, input parameters of the laser cutting, assist gases, the interaction of cut material and the stability of cutting process are described. The commonly used material (nodular cast iron - share of about 25% of all castings on the market) and the method of the laser cutting of that material, including the technological parameters that influence the cutting edge, are characterized. Next, the application and use of this method in mechanical engineering practice is described, focusing on fixing and renovation of mechanical components such as removing the inflow gate from castings with the desired quality of the cut, without the further using of the chip machining technology. Experimental samples from the nodular cast iron were created by using different technological parameters of laser cutting. The heat affected zone (HAZ), its width, microstructure and roughness parameter Pt was monitored on the experimental samples (of thickness t = 13 mm). The technological parameters that were varied during the experiments included the type of assist gases (N2 and O2), to be more specific the ratio of gases, and the cutting speed, which ranged from 1.6 m/min to 0.32 m/min. Both parameters were changed until the desired properties were achieved.

SYNTHESIS OF MATERIALS WITHIN REVERSE MICELLES

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 239-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
VUK USKOKOVIĆ ◽  
MIHA DROFENIK
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Micelles ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Materials Synthesis ◽  
Design Procedures ◽  
Realistic View ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Synthesis Of Materials ◽  
Reverse Micellar

Reverse micelles as nanosized aqueous droplets existing at certain compositions of water-in-oil microemulsions are widely used today in the synthesis of many types of nanoparticles. However, without a rich conceptual network that would correlate the properties and compositions of reverse micellar microemulsions to the properties of to-be-obtained particles, the design procedures in these cases usually rely on a trial-and-error approach. As like every other science, what is presently known is merely the tip of the iceberg compared to the uninvestigated vastness still lying below. The aim of this article is to present readers with most of the major achievements from the field of materials synthesis within reverse micelles since the first such synthesis was performed in 1982 until today, to possibly open up new perspectives of viewing the typical problems that nowadays dominate the field, and to hopefully initiate the observation and generation of their actual solutions. We intend to show that by refining the oversimplified representations of the roles that reverse micelles play in the processes of nanoparticles synthesis, steps toward a more complex and realistic view of the concerned relationships can be made. The first two sections of the review are of introductory character, presenting the reader with the basic concepts and ideas that serve as the foundations of the field of reverse micellar synthesis of materials. Applications of reverse micelles, other than as media for materials synthesis, as well as their basic structures and origins, together with experimental methods for evaluating their structural and dynamic properties, basic chemicals used for their preparation and simplified explanations of the preparation of materials within, will be reviewed in these two introductory sections. In Secs. 3 and 4, we shall proceed with reviewing the structural and dynamic properties of reverse micelles, respectively, assuming that knowledge of both static and dynamic parameters of microemulsions and changes induced thereof, are a necessary step prior to putting forth any correlations between the parameters that define the properties of microemulsions and the parameters that define the properties of materials synthesized within. Typical pathways of synthesis will be presented in Sec. 5, whereas basic parameters used to describe correlations between the properties of microemulsion reaction media and materials prepared within, including reagent concentrations, ionic strength, temperature, aging time and some of the normally overlooked influences, will be mentioned in Sec. 6. The whole of Sec. 7 is devoted to reviewing water-to-surfactant molar ratio as the most often used parameter in materials design by performing reverse micellar synthesis routes. The mechanisms of particle formation within precipitation synthesis in reverse micelles is discussed in Sec. 8. Synthesis of composites, with special emphasis on silica composites, is described in Sec. 9. All types of materials, classified according to their chemical compositions, that were, to our knowledge, synthesized by using reverse micelles up-to-date, will be briefly mentioned and pointed to the corresponding references in Sec. 10. In Sec. 11, some of the possible future directions for the synthesis of nanostructured materials within reverse micelles, found in combining reverse micellar syntheses and various other synthesis procedures with the aim of reaching self-organizing nanoparticle systems, will be outlined.

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