Elbow grease: Lateral and medial condyle fractures of the humerus

2022 ◽  
pp. 240-244
Author(s):  
Robert Vezzetti
Keyword(s):  
Medial Condyle

scholarly journals Comparative Morphological Studies of the Stifle Menisci in Donkeys, Goats and Dogs

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (02) ◽  
pp. 072-084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed M.A. Abumandour ◽  
Naglaa Fathi Bassuoni ◽  
Samir El-Gendy ◽  
Ashraf Karkoura ◽  
Raafat El-Bakary
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Medial Meniscus ◽  
Lateral Meniscus ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Medial Condyle ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Stifle Joint ◽  
Meniscofemoral Ligament ◽  
Anatomical Information

AbstractThe present work aims to provide more anatomical information on the stifle joint of the investigated species using computed tomography with gross anatomical cross-sections. The current work analyzed the stifle joint of the pelvic limbs of 12 adult donkeys, goats and dogs of both genders. The medial condyle of the femur was larger than the lateral one in the donkey, while it was smaller and lower than the lateral one in the goat and in the dog. The unsuitable femoral and tibial condyles were adapted by the presence of menisci. In the donkey, the medial meniscus was crescentic in shape, but it was semicircular in the goat, while in the dog, the medial and lateral menisci were C-shaped. In the donkey, the medial meniscus was larger than the lateral one, but in the goat and in the dog, the lateral meniscus was the largest, and more concave and thicker. The lateral meniscus was semicircular in the donkey, but it was shaped like an elongated kidney in the goat. In the goat and in the dog, the central border of two menisci was thin, concave and notched centrally. The meniscal ligaments included cranial and caudal ligaments of the medial and lateral menisci, and meniscofemoral ligament of the lateral meniscus. In the dog, the cranial ligament of the medial meniscus was absent, and the medial meniscus had no bony attachment to the tibia but it attached to the transverse intermeniscal ligament, which connected the cranial horn of the medial meniscus with the cranial ligament of the lateral meniscus. The meniscofemoral ligament connected the caudal pole of the lateral meniscus with the intercondyloid fossa of the femur.

scholarly journals PHB/CHIT Scaffold as a Promising Biopolymer in the Treatment of Osteochondral Defects—An Experimental Animal Study

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1232
Author(s):  
Eva Petrovova ◽  
Marek Tomco ◽  
Katarina Holovska ◽  
Jan Danko ◽  
Lenka Kresakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Osteochondral Defects ◽  
Medial Condyle ◽  
Femoral Trochlea ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tissue Integration ◽  
Defect Site ◽  
Intact Cartilage ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Biopolymer composites allow the creation of an optimal environment for the regeneration of chondral and osteochondral defects of articular cartilage, where natural regeneration potential is limited. In this experimental study, we used the sheep animal model for the creation of knee cartilage defects. In the medial part of the trochlea and on the medial condyle of the femur, we created artificial defects (6 × 3 mm2) with microfractures. In four experimental sheep, both defects were subsequently filled with the porous acellular polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan (PHB/CHIT)-based implant. Two sheep had untreated defects. We evaluated the quality of the newly formed tissue in the femoral trochlea defect site using imaging (X-ray, Computer Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)), macroscopic, and histological methods. Macroscopically, the surface of the treated regenerate corresponded to the niveau of the surrounding cartilage. X-ray examination 6 months after the implantation confirmed the restoration of the contour in the subchondral calcified layer and the advanced rate of bone tissue integration. The CT scan revealed a low regenerative potential in the bone zone of the defect compared to the cartilage zone. The percentage change in cartilage density at the defect site was not significantly different to the reference area (0.06–6.4%). MRI examination revealed that the healing osteochondral defect was comparable to the intact cartilage signal on the surface of the defect. Hyaline-like cartilage was observed in most of the treated animals, except for one, where the defect was repaired with fibrocartilage. Thus, the acellular, chitosan-based biomaterial is a promising biopolymer composite for the treatment of chondral and osteochondral defects of traumatic character. It has potential for further clinical testing in the orthopedic field, primarily with the combination of supporting factors.

Adjusting Insert Thickness and Tibial Slope Do Not Correct Internal Tibial Rotation Loss Caused by PCL Resection: In Vitro Study of a Medial Constraint TKA Implanted with Unrestricted Calipered Kinematic Alignment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander J. Nedopil ◽  
Peter J. Thadani ◽  
Thomas H. McCoy ◽  
Stephen M. Howell ◽  
Maury L. Hull
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Tibial Slope ◽  
Kinematic Alignment ◽  
Tibial Rotation ◽  
Medial Condyle ◽  
Maximum Extension ◽  
Posterior Tibial ◽  
Internal Tibial Rotation ◽  
Lift Off

AbstractMost medial stabilized (MS) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) implants recommend excision of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), which eliminates the ligament's tension effect on the tibia that drives tibial rotation and compromises passive internal tibial rotation in flexion. Whether increasing the insert thickness and reducing the posterior tibial slope corrects the loss of rotation without extension loss and undesirable anterior lift-off of the insert is unknown. In 10 fresh-frozen cadaveric knees, an MS design with a medial ball-in-socket (i.e., spherical joint) and lateral flat insert was implanted with unrestricted calipered kinematic alignment (KA) and PCL retention. Trial inserts with goniometric markings measured the internal–external orientation relative to the femoral component's medial condyle at maximum extension and 90 degrees of flexion. After PCL excision, these measurements were repeated with the same insert, a 1 mm thicker insert, and a 2- and 4-mm shim under the posterior tibial baseplate to reduce the tibial slope. Internal tibial rotation from maximum extension and 90 degrees of flexion was 15 degrees with PCL retention and 7 degrees with PCL excision (p < 0.000). With a 1 mm thicker insert, internal rotation was 8 degrees (p < 0.000), and four TKAs lost extension. With a 2 mm shim, internal rotation was 9 degrees (p = 0.001) and two TKAs lost extension. With a 4 mm shim, internal rotation was 10 degrees (p = 0.002) and five TKAs lost extension and three had anterior lift-off. The methods of inserting a 1 mm thicker insert and reducing the posterior slope did not correct the loss of internal tibial rotation after PCL excision and caused extension loss and anterior lift-off in several knees. PCL retention should be considered when using unrestricted calipered KA and implanting a medial ball-in-socket and lateral flat insert TKA design, so the progression of internal tibial rotation and coupled reduction in Q-angle throughout flexion matches the native knee, optimizing the retinacular ligaments' tension and patellofemoral tracking.

scholarly journals Arthrosonography and biomarkers in the evaluation of destructive knee cartilage osteoarthrosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 653-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Zivanovic ◽  
Ljiljana Petrovic-Rackov ◽  
Aleksandar Zivanovic
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Cartilage Thickness ◽  
Type I ◽  
Human Cartilage ◽  
Medial Condyle ◽  
Negative Direction ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Progressive Loss

Introduction. Knee osteoarthrosis (OA) is a degenerative disease with progressive loss of cartilage of joints and bone destruction. During this process, the release of fragments of connective tissue matrix is detected in the biological fluids such as human cartilage glycoprotein (YKL-40), cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and collagen type I C terminal telopeptid (CTX-I). Objective. The aim of the study was to determine the degree of connection cartilage thickness measured by ultrasound with serum concentrations of biomarkers YKL-40, COMP and CTX-I in patients with primary knee OA. Methods. The analysis included 88 patients with the diagnosis of knee OA. Ultrasound examination of knees were done by two rheumatologists. The analysis of serum samples determined the concentration of COMP, YKL-40 and CTX-I by the ELISA method. Results. The average age of patients was 69.97?9.37 years and the duration of knee OA 6.46?6.73 years. The average cartilage thickness of the femoral condyle was 1.33?0.20 mm; of the medial condyle (MC) (front access) 1.30?0.23 mm, (rear access) 1.30?0.29 mm and lateral condyli (LC) (front access) 1.39?0.27 mm. The average cartilage thickness of MC (front access) was 1.27 mm (0.98-1.42 mm), (rear access) 1.27 mm (0.84-1.46 mm) and LC (front access) 1.36 mm (1.01-1.57 mm) (p=0.002). There was a significant connection in the negative direction between the patients' age and the cartilage thickness of MC (front and rear access) and LC (front access) (r=-0.253; p=0.017). There was a significant negative direction of interrelationship between the cartilage thickness of MC (front access) (r=-0.259; p=0.015) and LC (front access) and the disease duration (r=-0.259; p=0.015). In patients with knee OA lasting for 5 years the measured cartilage thickness was 1.27 mm (1.16-1.49 mm), and 0.99 mm (0.94-1.23 mm) (p=0.007) in those lasting for 20 years. There was a significant relationship in a negative direction between the concentration of YKL-40 and cartilage thickness of MC (front access) (r=-0.249; p=0.019). Conclusion. The progressive loss of cartilage during the long-term evolution of osteoarthrosis is most extensive in the femoral MC. The increased serum levels of YKL-40 can be a good indicator of joint cartilage destruction.

scholarly journals Case Report of a Medial Femoral Condyle Fracture in a Unicompartmental Oxford Knee Replacement Surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Condyle ◽  
Intraoperative Complications ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Postoperative Rehabilitation ◽  
Medial Condyle ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Replacement Surgery ◽  
Stable Osteosynthesis ◽  
Condyle Fracture

Introduction: The unicompartmental Oxford prosthesis has been used as a goodalternative for medial unicompartmental osteoarthritis because it is associated with earlyrehabilitation and a low rate of intraoperative complications. This case describes a rarecomplication during the procedure. Case Presentation: We present an intraoperative fracture of the medial condyle in a 70-year-old woman that was treated with 6.5 mm cannulated screws with a compressiontechnique. The patient remained in a non-weight bearing protocol for 6 weeks andreached a full range of mobility at 3 months. Complete radiological consolidation and agood functional outcome were observed. Conclusion: Intraoperative fractures benefit from a stable osteosynthesis that allows freerange of mobility and does not delay postoperative rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Medial Condyle Due to Leg Length Discrepancy After A Traffic Accident

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
Wataru Kusano ◽  
Takatomo Mine ◽  
Koichiro Ihara ◽  
Hiroyuki Kawamura ◽  
Michio Shinohara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Tibial Osteotomy ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Cartilage Damage ◽  
Leg Length Discrepancy ◽  
Osteoarthritis Of The Knee ◽  
Tibial Osteotomy ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Medial Condyle ◽  
Length Discrepancy ◽  
Spontaneous Osteonecrosis

Untreated leg length discrepancy can cause spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee, which is associated with subchondral insufficiency fractures of the knee and progression or onset of osteoarthritis of the knee. Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee can be secondary to cartilage loss or additional subchondral changes. A 40-year-old female underwent opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy and osteochondral grafting for osteonecrosis of the femoral medial condyle and osteoarthritis of the knee caused by leg length discrepancy after a traffic accident. High tibial osteotomy and cartilage restoration are often considered for the treatment of knee osteonecrosis with cartilage damage in younger patients.

Genetic parameters for osteochondrosis traits in elbow joints of crossbred pigs and relationships with production traits

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jørgensen ◽  
B. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Model ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Joint Surface ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Medial Condyle ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Left Elbow ◽  
Meat Content ◽  
Humeral Condyle ◽  
Crossbred Pigs

AbstractA total of 9360 offspring of 12 purebred Duroc sires and 692 Landrace × Yorkshire sows were evaluated for six osteochondrosis traits in the left elbow joints at slaughter. Osteochondrosis traits, growth pre- and post weaning, and meat content at slaughter were analysed simultaneously by a multivariate genetic model. Castrates scored worse than female pigs for nearly all osteochondral traits. Heritability of elbow osteochondrosis was moderate (0·02 to 0·28) and, thus, selection against the disorder is possible. Phenotypic correlations among joint surface abnormalities, cartilage thickness, subchondral lesions and cracks in the cartilage at the osteochondral junction in the medial condyle ranged from 0·33 to 0·69, whereas genetic correlations ranged from 0·75 to 0·97. Phenotypic correlations of the sagittal central groove with other abnormalities in the medial condyle were low and insignificant but genetic correlations were strongly significant (0·66 to 0·77). Depression of the proximal edge of the radius was to some extent phenotypically correlated to abnormalities in the medial humeral condyle (around 0·2), while genetic correlations ranged from 0·05 to 0·52. Significant genetic correlations among osteochondral traits indicate that all are part of the osteochondrosis complex. Abnormalities in the joint surface showed the strongest genetic correlations with other osteochondrosis variables in the elbow joint and were moderately inherited (h2 = 0·22), which indicates that this trait can be used as a marker to select against osteochondrosis. Osteochondral traits had no significant genetic correlations with growth to weaning and to 30 kg, slight negative (favourable) genetic correlations with growth from 30 to 100 kg, and slightly positive (unfavourable) genetic correlations with meat content in carcass.

scholarly journals Single-Stage Arthroscopic Anterior and Posterior Cruciate Ligament Repairs and Open Medial Collateral Ligament Repair for Acute Knee Dislocation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ryo Murakami ◽  
Eisaburo Honda ◽  
Atsushi Fukai ◽  
Hiroki Yoshitomi ◽  
Takaki Sanada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Medial Collateral Ligament ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Knee Injuries ◽  
Knee Dislocation ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Lateral Condyle ◽  
Ligament Repair ◽  
Collateral Ligament ◽  
Medial Condyle

Till date, there are no clear guidelines regarding the treatment of multiple ligament knee injuries. Ligament repair is advantageous as it preserves proprioception and does not involve grafting. Many studies have reported the use of open repair and reconstruction for multiple ligament knee injuries; however, reports on arthroscopic-combined single-stage anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) repairs are scarce. In this report, we describe a case of type III knee dislocation (ACL, PCL, and medial collateral ligament (MCL) injuries) in a 43-year-old man, caused by contact while playing futsal. On the sixth day after injury, arthroscopic ACL and PCL repairs were performed with open MCL repair. The proximal lesions in the three ligaments that were injured were sutured using no. 2 strong surgical sutures. The ACL was pulled out to the lateral condyle of the femur and fixed using a suspensory fixation device. The PCL was pulled out to the medial condyle of the femur, and the MCL was pulled towards the proximal end of the femur; both were fixed using suture anchors. Early mobilization was performed, and both, clinical and imaging outcomes, were good two years after surgery.

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