Selection of experimental models mimicking human pathophysiology for diabetic microvascular complications

2022 ◽  
pp. 137-177
Author(s):  
Tejal Gandhi ◽  
Anjali Patel ◽  
Milap Purohit
Keyword(s):  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Diabetic Microvascular Complications ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Distinct Roles of Vav Family Members in Adaptive and Innate Immune Models of Arthritis

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 695
Author(s):  
Javier Conde ◽  
Isabel Fernández-Pisonero ◽  
Myriam Cuadrado ◽  
Antonio Abad ◽  
Javier Robles-Valero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Zymosan A ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Signal Transduction Proteins ◽  
Selection Of

Genetic evidence suggests that three members of the VAV family (VAV1, VAV2 and VAV3) of signal transduction proteins could play important roles in rheumatoid arthritis. However, it is not known currently whether the inhibition of these proteins protects against this disease and, if so, the number of family members that must be eliminated to get a therapeutic impact. To address this issue, we have used a collection of single and compound Vav family knockout mice in experimental models for antigen-dependent (methylated bovine serum albumin injections) and neutrophil-dependent (Zymosan A injections) rheumatoid arthritis in mice. We show here that the specific elimination of Vav1 is sufficient to block the development of antigen-induced arthritis. This protection is likely associated with the roles of this Vav family member in the development and selection of immature T cells within the thymus as well as in the subsequent proliferation and differentiation of effector T cells. By contrast, we have found that depletion of Vav2 reduces the number of neutrophils present in the joints of Zymosan A-treated mice. Despite this, the elimination of Vav2 does not protect against the joint degeneration triggered by this experimental model. These findings indicate that Vav1 is the most important pharmacological target within this family, although its main role is limited to the protection against antigen-induced rheumatoid arthritis. They also indicate that the three Vav family proteins do not play redundant roles in these pathobiological processes.

N-acetylglucosamine-phosphate mutase genotype and diabetic microvascular complications

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 419-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Pang ◽  
Y. Koda ◽  
S.-I. Yamagishi ◽  
S. Amano ◽  
Y. Inagaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Microvascular Complications

scholarly journals Sonic Artefacts of Teotihuacan, Mexico (Horns, Trumpets and Pipes)

Acoustics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-544
Author(s):  
Arnd Adje Both
Keyword(s):  
World Heritage ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Wind Instruments ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
Urban Settings ◽  
Subsequent Test ◽  
Acoustic Study ◽  
Teotihuacan Mexico ◽  
Selection Of

This paper presents the acoustic study of a sample of sonic artefacts, in particular a selection of wind instruments (horns, trumpets and pipes), from the UNESCO World Heritage Centre of Teotihuacan, Mexico, based on a thorough examination of the accessible and playable archaeological finds and the construction and subsequent test of a series of experimental models. Combined with the archaeological and iconographical information, the study helps to deduce information with regard to the urban settings in which these instruments might have been used. It also reveals some basic acoustic components of the music once performed in Teotihuacan.

scholarly journals Age at menarche and the risk of diabetic microvascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes

Diabetologia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valma Harjutsalo ◽  
◽  
Christine Maric-Bilkan ◽  
Carol Forsblom ◽  
Per-Henrik Groop
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Diabetic Microvascular Complications

Association Between Serum Fibrinogen Levels and Diabetic Microvascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 306-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huseyin Demirci ◽  
Husamettin Erdamar ◽  
Ayhan Karakoc ◽  
Fusun Balos Toruner ◽  
Mehmet Akif Ozturk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Microvascular Complications

Mean Platelet Volume and Platelet Distribution Width Correlate with Microvascular Complications in Egyptian People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed I. Abd El-Ghany ◽  
Nahed Abdallah ◽  
Waleed Eldars
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Mean Platelet Volume ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Platelet Distribution Width ◽  
Platelet Volume ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Diabetic Microvascular Complications

Background: Type 2 diabetes is a part of metabolic syndrome associated with a higher risk of vascular complications. Diabetes is characterized by changes in platelet morphology, function, and platelet hyperactivity so, it's considered a prothrombotic condition. Morbidity and mortality in people with type 2 diabetes-related to micro and macrovascular complications. Novel biomarkers are needed to identify and treat people at higher risk. Objective: The main objective of this controlled cross-sectional study was to evaluate Platelet volume indices (PVI) in subjects with type 2 diabetes with and without complications in comparison to subjects without diabetes. Methods: Hundred and thirty-five subjects aged from 35 to 60 years were subdivided into 3 groups. Group A includes 55 subjects with type 2 diabetes with complications. Group B includes 45 subjects with type 2 diabetes without complications. Group C includes 35 normal healthy subjects. Detailed clinical history was taken. Also, PVI, fasting blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin A1c, and creatinine were obtained. Results: Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), Platelet Distribution Width (PDW), Plateletcrit (PCT), and Platelet large cell ratio (P-LCR) were significantly higher among subjects with retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy than other subjects with diabetes who didn't develop complications (P<0.001). At cutoff value > 11.9 fL, MPV have diagnostic sensitivity 80% and specificity 97.8%. Whereas PDW >16.9fL has a sensitivity of 74.5% and specificity of 100% for diabetic microvascular complications (retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy). Conclusion: MPV and PDW may be considered as possible biomarkers for the early detection of diabetic microvascular complications.

scholarly journals To study levels of serum fibrinogen in type 2 diabetes mellitus and its association with diabetic microvascular complications

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Gurinder Mohan ◽  
Ranjeet Kaur ◽  
Aakash Aggarwal ◽  
Parminder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Coagulation Disorder ◽  
Urine Albumin ◽  
Group A ◽  
Diabetic Microvascular Complications ◽  
Group B

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a hypercoagulable state associated with atherosclerosis leading to development of vascular complications, including microvascular complications.Methods: In our study a total of 60 diabetic patients with duration of diabetes more than 5 years, attending the OPD/ indoor of SGRDIMSR, Amritsar, Punjaqqb, India were included. They were divided in two groups, group A of 30 patients including diabetics with any of the three microvascular complications (diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy and diabetic neuropathy) and group B of 30 patients including diabetics without any microvascular complication. Group C comprised of 30 age and sex matched non-diabetic subjects who served as controls. Subjects with liver cirrhosis, malignancy or coagulation disorder were excluded. After taking the consent, detailed history taking and detailed physical examination and relevant investigations were done. The serum fibrinogen (hemostasis marker), HBA1C and UACR (urine albumin creatinine ratio) along with routine investigations were measured.Results: It was observed that serum fibrinogen levels were significantly higher in diabetic patients (266.16±54.73 mg/dl) as compared to non-diabetic controls (174.66±18.32 mg/dl); p <0.001.Further, serum fibrinogen levels were found to be significantly higher in diabetic patients with microvascular complications (293.43±51.09 mg/dl) as compared to those without microvascular complications (238.90±44.12); p<0.001.Conclusions: Significantly high serum fibrinogen level was found in diabetic patients as compared to controls and was in positive correlation with development of microvascular complications.

scholarly journals Special aspects of concentrated insulins: basic characteristics and research findings

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 481-490
Author(s):  
Tatiana Y. Demidova ◽  
Olga V. Balutina
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Insulin Glargine ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Severe Hypoglycemia ◽  
Glucose Lowering ◽  
Practice Experience ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Diabetic Microvascular Complications

The appearance of concentrated insulins in clinical practice determines the need to analyze product priorities in appropriate groups of patients with diabetes. The aim of this article is to summarize the literature on concentrated insulins (i.e. insulin lispro 200 units/mL, insulin degludec 200 units/mL, insulin glargine 300 units/mL) from randomized controlled trials, derive guidance on appropriate and safe use of these agents and demonstrate experience in real clinical practice. Severe hypoglycemia in all studies was generally low (though higher with prandial plus concentrated basal analogue therapy), and statistical improvements in other hypoglycemia categories were observed for concentrated basal insulins versus insulin glargine 100 units/mL. In all analyzed data hypoglycemic effect of insulin glargine 300 units/mL was equitable to insulin glargine 100 units/mL. Other important findings demonstrate more constant and prolonged insulin action with low within-subject/ between-day variability for insulin glargine 300 units/mL versus insulin glargine 100 units/mL, therefore, more physiological treatment might prevent from diabetic microvascular complications. The results of randomized trials are comparable with our clinical practice experience and indicate efficacious and safe glucose-lowering properties without risk of severe hypoglycemia.

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