THE APPLICATION OF NON-PROTEIN NITROGEN, PROTECTED PROTEINS AND RUMEN FERMENTATION CONTROL IN UK FEEDING SYSTEMS

1977 ◽  
pp. 110-122
Author(s):  
D.A. CORSE
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Fermentation Control ◽  
Feeding Systems

The rumen fermentation of lactose in the adult sheep

1961 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Walker ◽  
Barbara A. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Skim Milk ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Enzymic Activity ◽  
Lactase Activity ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Adult Sheep

1. A cross-bred sheep was fed successively with supplements of dried skim-milk or lactose. The effect of the supplements on the lactase activity of the rumen liquid was followed.2. Lactase activity was expressed as mg. lactose hydrolysed per ml. rumen liquid, or per mg. protein nitrogen. The enzymic activity fluctuated considerably after a change in the diet, and did not become constant even when the ration remained the same for 7 weeks.

Effects of forage species and feeding systems on rumen fermentation, microbiota and conjugated linoleic acid content in dairy goats

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 2147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saranpong Thongruang ◽  
Pramote Paengkoum ◽  
Wisitiporn Suksombat ◽  
Smerjai Bureenok
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
Total Bacteria ◽  
Feeding Systems

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of forage species and feeding systems on ruminal fermentation, microbiota (Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Fibrobacter succinogenes and total bacteria) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentration of milk in dairy goats. Twenty female crossbred Saanen lactating goats (~35 ± 3.0 kg bodyweight) in early to mid-lactation stage were assigned to a 45-day completely randomised-design feeding experiment, with the following four forage (roughage) treatments: cut-and-carry grass (CG), grazing of grass (GG), cut-and-carry leucaena (CL) and grazing of leucaena (GL; n = 5). All animals were given concentrate equivalent to 1.5% of their bodyweight. The grass used in the study was napier Pak Chong 1 grass (Pennisetum purpureum × Pennisetum americanum hybrid). The results showed that irrespective of the type of forage, grazing goats (GG and GL) had a higher (P < 0.05) forage intake and, thus, total dry-matter and crude-protein intakes than did those fed indoors (CG and CL). However, the intake of C18:2n6 and particularly of C18:3n3 was generally higher for grass-fed goats than for leucaena-fed goats. Treatments did not exert significant differences on rumen fermentation characteristics. However, the populations of B. fibrisolvens, F. succinogenes and total bacteria were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in grazing goats (GG and GL) than in their counterparts fed with the cut-and-carry system (CG and CL). Goats in the grazing system also had a higher (P < 0.05) milk yield, and milk fat, c9, t11 CLA and omega-3 fatty acid concentrations than did those in the cut-and-carry system and only grazing goats produced detectable levels of t10, c12 CLA in milk. Putting the above together, it can be concluded that allowing dairy goats to outdoor grazing stimulates a higher forage intake, including that of C18:2n6 and C18:3n3, as well as enhancing population of B. fibrisolvens (involved in the synthesis of milk CLA), resulting in a higher milk yield, and enhances c9, t11 and t10, c12 CLA in goat milk.

Rumen fermentation of fresh herbage

1966 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. J. Williams ◽  
K. R. Christian
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Intake Level ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Total Volatile Fatty Acid

1. On twelve occasions covering a complete seasonal cycle rumen mierobial end-product concentrations were measured in a group of sheep allowed to graze a pasture for 1 hr. Considerable differences were obtained in the rises in total volatile fatty acid and ammonia after feeding, in average rumen protein nitrogen and in free mierobial count.2. Seven samples of fresh herbage wfere fed to groups of sheep in pens at different levels of intake. Increase in feed intake with five of the herbages produced significant increases in rumen ammonia and total volatile fatty acid and with one herbage there was a significant increase in protein nitrogen. Free mierobial count was measured after feeding three herbages and was found to be independent of intake level.

The effect of cereal carbohydrate supplementation on intake, rumen fermentation characteristics and digestibility in steers fed on grass silage

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 43-43
Author(s):  
H.J. Kim ◽  
W.J. Maeng ◽  
H. Park ◽  
M.A. Neville ◽  
R.T. Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Carbohydrate Supplementation ◽  
Rumen Microbes ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Rapid Release ◽  
Different Sources

Synchronising the availability of energy and nitrogen to the rumen microbes is considered to be important for enhancing output of microbial protein from the rumen. This is particularly relevant to diets based on grass silage (Chamberlain and Choung, 1995). In the rumen ammonia, is rapidly released from the substantial content of non-protein nitrogen compounds in grass silage and this requires a similarly rapid release of energy in the rumen to ensure efficient capture of ammonia. Different sources of carbohydrate may enhance rumen function to varying degrees. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of various carbohydrate sources on intake, rumen fermentation characteristics and digestibility in steers fed on grass silage.

EFFECTS OF HIGH-STARCH DIETS ON RUMINAL EFFICIENCY AND WOOL GROWTH

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 179-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. I. HYND ◽  
W. G. ALLDEN
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Direct Proportion ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Intestinal Digestion ◽  
High Starch ◽  
Protein Supply

Sheep consuming similar amounts of a high-barley diet exhibited wide differences in rumen fermentation patterns and in the quantity of protein-nitrogen available for intestinal digestion. Wool growth varied in direct proportion to the postruminal protein supply. Key words: Sheep, concentrates, protein flow, wool growth

The application of an improved artificial rumen technique to the study of the effects of non-protein nitrogen on fermentation and nitrogen distribution in the rumen

1968 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
T. W. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Basal Diet ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Distribution ◽  
Fermentation Pattern ◽  
Presence And Absence

SummaryAn artificial rumen technique which simulated in vivo conditions was applied to the study of the effects of non-protein nitrogen on fermentation and nitrogen distribution in the rumen. Using this technique it was possible to reproduce in vitro a series of biochemical and other effects on fermentation that had been produced in vivo by the addition of various sources and levels of non-protein nitrogen to the rumen. It was shown that with a basal diet of cellulose, protein was synthesized from urea both in the presence and absence of starch over a period of 24 h and a typical rumen fermentation pattern was maintained.

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