Interactive effects of periodontitis and orthodontic tooth movement on dental root resorption, tooth movement velocity and alveolar bone loss in a rat model

AbstractCoffin–Lowry–Syndrome (CLS) is a X-linked mental retardation characterized by skeletal dysplasia and premature tooth loss. We and others have previously demonstrated that the ribosomal S6 kinase RSK2, mutated in CLS, is essential for bone and cementum formation; however, it remains to be established whether RSK2 plays also a role in mechanically induced bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). We, therefore, performed OTM in wild-type (WT) mice and Rsk2-deficient mice using Nitinol tension springs that were fixed between the upper left molars and the incisors. The untreated contralateral molars served as internal controls. After 12 days of OTM, the jaws were removed and examined by micro-computed tomography (µCT), decalcified histology, and immunohistochemistry. Our analysis of the untreated teeth confirmed that the periodontal phenotype of Rsk2-deficient mice is characterized by alveolar bone loss and hypoplasia of root cementum. Quantification of OTM using µCT revealed that OTM was more than two-fold faster in Rsk2-deficient mice as compared to WT. We also observed that OTM caused alveolar bone loss and root resorptions in WT and Rsk2-deficient mice. However, quantification of these orthodontic side effects revealed no differences between WT and Rsk2-deficient mice. Taken together, Rsk2 loss-of-function accelerates OTM in mice without causing more side effects.

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Parathyroid hormone increases alveolar bone homoeostasis during orthodontic tooth movement in rats with periodontitis via crosstalk between STAT3 and β-catenin

International Journal of Oral Science ◽

10.1038/s41368-020-00104-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Cheng Zhang ◽

Tiancheng Li ◽

Chenchen Zhou ◽

Li Huang ◽

Yuyu Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parathyroid Hormone ◽

Bone Loss ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Osteoblastic Differentiation ◽

Alveolar Bone Loss ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Transcription 3

AbstractPeriodontitis patients are at risk of alveolar bone loss during orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate whether intermittent parathyroid hormone (1–34) treatment (iPTH) could reduce alveolar bone loss during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in individuals with periodontitis and the underlying mechanism. A rat model of OTM in the context of periodontitis was established and alveolar bone loss was observed. The control, iPTH and iPTH + stattic groups received injections of vehicle, PTH and vehicle, or PTH and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor stattic, respectively. iPTH prevented alveolar bone loss by enhancing osteogenesis and suppressing bone resorption in the alveolar bone during OTM in rats with periodontitis. This effect of iPTH was along with STAT3 activation and reduced by a local injection of stattic. iPTH promoted osteoblastic differentiation and might further regulate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in a STAT3-dependent manner. The findings of this study suggest that iPTH might reduce alveolar bone loss during OTM in rats with periodontitis through STAT3/β-catenin crosstalk.

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Is Inflammation a Friend or Foe for Orthodontic Treatment?: Inflammation in Orthodontically Induced Inflammatory Root Resorption and Accelerating Tooth Movement

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22052388 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 2388

Author(s):

Masaru Yamaguchi ◽

Shinichi Fukasawa

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Mediators ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Orthodontic Forces ◽

Necrosis Factor

The aim of this paper is to provide a review on the role of inflammation in orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) and accelerating orthodontic tooth movement (AOTM) in orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is stimulated by remodeling of the periodontal ligament (PDL) and alveolar bone. These remodeling activities and tooth displacement are involved in the occurrence of an inflammatory process in the periodontium, in response to orthodontic forces. Inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins (PGs), interleukins (Ils; IL-1, -6, -17), the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α superfamily, and receptor activator of nuclear factor (RANK)/RANK ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) are increased in the PDL during OTM. OIIRR is one of the accidental symptoms, and inflammatory mediators have been detected in resorbed roots, PDL, and alveolar bone exposed to heavy orthodontic force. Therefore, these inflammatory mediators are involved with the occurrence of OIIRR during orthodontic tooth movement. On the contrary, regional accelerating phenomenon (RAP) occurs after fractures and surgery such as osteotomies or bone grafting, and bone healing is accelerated by increasing osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Recently, tooth movement after surgical procedures such as corticotomy, corticision, piezocision, and micro-osteoperforation might be accelerated by RAP, which increases the bone metabolism. Therefore, inflammation may be involved in accelerated OTM (AOTM). The knowledge of inflammation during orthodontic treatment could be used in preventing OIIRR and AOTM.

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Stemodia maritima L. Extract Decreases Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Alveolar Bone Loss in an Experimental Periodontitis Rat Model

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2017.00988 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Alrieta H. Teixeira ◽

Jordânia M. de Oliveira Freire ◽

Luzia H. T. de Sousa ◽

Antônia T. Parente ◽

Nayara A. de Sousa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Bone Loss ◽

Rat Model ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Alveolar Bone Loss ◽

Experimental Periodontitis

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Effects of daidzein on alveolar bone loss and internal microstructures of bone in a rat model of experimental periodontitis: a study using micro-computed tomography

Journal of Periodontal Research ◽

10.1111/jre.12304 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 250-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S. H. Bae ◽

M. H. Ha ◽

E.-Y. Choi ◽

J.-I. Choi ◽

I. S. Choi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Bone Loss ◽

Rat Model ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Alveolar Bone Loss ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Experimental Periodontitis

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Effect of supplementary zinc on orthodontic tooth movement in a rat model

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/2177-6709.21.2.045-050.oar ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 45-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mohammad Sadegh Ahmad Akhoundi ◽

Rezvaneh Ghazanfari ◽

Shahroo Etemad-Moghadam ◽

Mojgan Alaeddini ◽

Azam Khorshidian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rat Model ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Cumulative Effect ◽

Study Groups ◽

Model Material ◽

Bone Homeostasis ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Hematoxylin Eosin

ABSTRACT Introduction: Osteoclasts and osteoblasts are responsible for regulating bone homeostasis during which the trace element zinc has been shown to exert a cumulative effect on bone mass by stimulating osteoblastic bone formation and inhibiting osteoclastic bone resorption. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of zinc (Zn) on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in a rat model. Material and Methods: A total of 44 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of 11 animals each and received 0, 1.5, 20 and 50 ppm Zn in distilled water for 60 days. In the last 21 days of the study, nickel-titanium closed coil springs were ligated between maxillary right incisors and first molars of all rats, and tooth movement was measured at the end of this period. Histological analysis of hematoxylin/eosin slides was performed to assess root resorption lacunae, osteoclast number and periodontal ligament (PDL) width. Results: Mean OTM was calculated as 51.8, 49.1, 35.5 and 45 µm in the 0, 1.5, 20 and 50 ppm zinc-receiving groups, respectively. There were no significant differences in neither OTM nor histological parameters among the study groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: According to the results obtained in the current investigation, increase in supplementary zinc up to 50 ppm does not affect the rate of OTM neither bone and root resorption in rats.

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An Analysis of the Stress induced in the Periodontal Ligament during Extrusion and Rotation Movements— Part II: A Comparison of Linear vs Nonlinear FEM Study

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1763 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 16 (10) ◽

pp. 819-823 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

HP Raghuveer ◽

M Hemanth ◽

MS Rani ◽

Chathura Hegde ◽

B Vedavathi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Ligament ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Nonlinear Material ◽

Nonlinear Fem ◽

3D Fem ◽

Nonlinear Simulation ◽

Force System

ABSTRACT Background Optimal orthodontic forces are those which stimulate tooth movement with minimal biological trauma to the tooth, periodontal ligament (PDL) during and alveolar bone. Among various types of tooth movements, extrusion and rotational movements are seen to be associated with the least amount of root resorption and have not been studied in detail. The mechanical behavior of the PDL is known to be nonlinear elastic and thus a nonlinear simulation of the PDL provides precision to the calculated stress values. Therefore in this study, the stress patterns in the PDL were evaluated with extrusion and rotational movements using the nonlinear finite element method (FEM). Materials and methods A three-dimensional (3D) FEM model of the maxillary incisors was generated using SOLIDWORKS modelling software. Stresses in the PDL were evaluated with extrusive and rotational movements by a 3D FEM using ANSYS software with nonlinear material properties. Results It was observed that with the application of extrusive load, the tensile stresses were seen at the apex whereas the compressive stress was distributed at the cervical margin. With the application of rotational movements, maximum compressi vstress was distributed at the apex and cervical third whereas the tensile stress was distributed on cervical third of the PDL on the lingual surface. Conclusion For rotational and extrusion movements, stress values over the periodontal ligament was within the range of optimal stress value as proposed by Lee, with a given force system by Proffit as optimum forces for orthodontic tooth movement using nonlinear properties. During rotation there are stresses concentrated at the apex, hence due to the concentration of the compressive forces at the apex a clinician must avoid placing heavy stresses during tooth movement. How to cite this article Hemanth M, Raghuveer HP, Rani MS, Hegde C, Kabbur KJ, Chaithra D, Vedavathi B. An Analysis of the Stress Induced in the Periodontal Ligament during Extrusion and Rotation Movements—Part II: A Comparison of vs Nonlinear FEM Linear Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015; 16(10):819-823.

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