Allogenic tissue-specific decellularized scaffolds promote long-term muscle innervation and functional recovery in a surgical diaphragmatic hernia model

OBJECTIVE Surgery for foot drop secondary to lumbar degenerative disease is not always associated with postoperative functional improvement. It is still unclear whether early decompression results in better functional recovery and how soon surgery should be performed. This study aimed to evaluate predicting factors that affect short- and long-term recovery outcomes and to explore the relationship between timing of lumbar decompression and recovery from foot drop in an attempt to identify a cutoff time from symptom onset until decompression for optimal functional improvement. METHODS The authors collected demographic, clinical, and radiographic data on patients who underwent surgery for foot drop due to lumbar degenerative disease. Clinical data included tibialis anterior muscle (TAM) strength before and after surgery, duration of preoperative motor weakness, and duration of radicular pain until surgery. TAM strength was recorded at the immediate postoperative period and 1 month after surgery while long-term follow-up on functional outcomes were obtained at ≥ 2 years postsurgery by telephone interview. Data including degree and duration of preoperative motor weakness as well as the occurrence of pain and its duration were collected to analyze their impact on short- and long-term outcomes. RESULTS The majority of patients (70%) showed functional improvement within 1 month postsurgery and 40% recovered to normal or near-normal strength. Univariate analysis revealed a trend toward lower improvement rates in patients with preoperative weakness of more than 3 weeks (33%) compared with patients who were operated on earlier (76.5%, p = 0.034). In a multivariate analysis, the only significant predictor for maximal strength recovery was TAM strength before surgery (OR 6.80, 95% CI 1.38–33.42, p = 0.018). Maximal recovery by 1 month after surgery was significantly associated with sustained long-term functional improvement (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Early surgery may improve the recovery rate in patients with foot drop caused by lumbar degenerative disease, yet the strongest predictor for the extent of recovery is the severity of preoperative TAM weakness. Maximal recovery in the short-term postoperative period is associated with sustained long-term functional improvement and independence.

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Long-Term Survival of Grafted Cells, Dopamine Synthesis/Release, Receptor Activity, and Functional Recovery after Grafting of Fetal Nigral Cells in Model Animals of Hemi-Parkinson’s Disease

Basic, Clinical, and Therapeutic Aspects of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases - Advances in Behavioral Biology ◽

10.1007/978-1-4684-5844-2_159 ◽

1990 ◽

pp. 781-784 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hitoo Nishino ◽

Takeshi Hashitani ◽

Kiminao Mizukawa ◽

Norio Ogawa ◽

Sadao Shiosaka

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Functional Recovery ◽

Receptor Activity ◽

Dopamine Synthesis ◽

Term Survival ◽

Long Term Survival

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Implantation of Schwann cells in rat tendon autografts as a model for peripheral nerve repair: Long term effects on functional recovery

Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery ◽

10.1080/02844310802393966 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 281-285 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Hiroshi Arino ◽

Jerker Brandt ◽

Lars B. Dahlin

Keyword(s):

Peripheral Nerve ◽

Schwann Cells ◽

Functional Recovery ◽

Nerve Repair ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Peripheral Nerve Repair

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Short term but highly efficient Cas9 expression mediated by excisional system using adenovirus vector and Cre

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-03803-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sayaka Nagamoto ◽

Miyuki Agawa ◽

Emi Tsuchitani ◽

Kazunori Akimoto ◽

Saki Kondo Matsushima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Genome Editing ◽

Adenovirus Vector ◽

Virus Genome ◽

Dna Viruses ◽

Tissue Specific ◽

B Virus ◽

Tissue Specific Promoter ◽

A Cell

AbstractGenome editing techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9 have both become common gene engineering technologies and have been applied to gene therapy. However, the problems of increasing the efficiency of genome editing and reducing off-target effects that induce double-stranded breaks at unexpected sites in the genome remain. In this study, we developed a novel Cas9 transduction system, Exci-Cas9, using an adenovirus vector (AdV). Cas9 was expressed on a circular molecule excised by the site-specific recombinase Cre and succeeded in shortening the expression period compared to AdV, which expresses the gene of interest for at least 6 months. As an example, we chose hepatitis B, which currently has more than 200 million carriers in the world and frequently progresses to liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. The efficiencies of hepatitis B virus genome disruption by Exci-Cas9 and Cas9 expression by AdV directly (Avec) were the same, about 80–90%. Furthermore, Exci-Cas9 enabled cell- or tissue-specific genome editing by expressing Cre from a cell- or tissue-specific promoter. We believe that Exci-Cas9 developed in this study is useful not only for resolving the persistent expression of Cas9, which has been a problem in genome editing, but also for eliminating long-term DNA viruses such as human papilloma virus.

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Establishing the prevalence of common, clinically relevant tissue-specific autoantibodies following SARS CoV-2 infection

10.22541/au.161961167.71246724/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

A. G. Richter ◽

Adrian Shields ◽

Abid Karim ◽

David Birch ◽

Sian Faustini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Viral Infection ◽

Disease Control ◽

Direct Consequence ◽

Tissue Specific ◽

Immune Pathology ◽

Systemic Symptoms ◽

Diverse Pattern

COVID-19 has been associated with both transient and persistent systemic symptoms that do not appear to be a direct consequence of viral infection. The generation of autoantibodies has been proposed as a mechanism to explain these symptoms. To understand this phenomenon in more detail, we investigated the frequency and specificity of clinically relevant autoantibodies in 84 individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2, suffering from COVID-19 of varying severity in both the acute and convalescent setting. These were compared with results from 32 individuals who were on ITU for non COVID reasons. We demonstrate a higher frequency of autoantibodies in the COVID-19 ITU group compared with non-COVID-19 ITU disease control patients and that autoantibodies were also found in the serum 3-5 months post COVID-19 infection. Non-COVID patients displayed a diverse pattern of autoantibodies; in contrast, the COVID-19 groups had a more restricted panel of autoantibodies including skin, skeletal muscle and cardiac antibodies. Our results demonstrate that severe COVID-19 induces a pattern of autoantibodies that may correlate with and contribute to the immune pathology associated with the long-term sequelae of infection.

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Tissue-Specific Copper Concentrations in Red Drum after Long-Term Exposure to Sublethal Levels of Waterborne Copper and a 21-Day Withdrawal

North American Journal of Aquaculture ◽

10.1080/15222055.2012.676007 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 75 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Christopher B. Robinson ◽

Paul S. Wills ◽

Marty A. Riche ◽

David L. Straus

Keyword(s):

Red Drum ◽

Tissue Specific

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Long-term and delayed functional recovery in patients with severe cerebrovascular and traumatic brain injury requiring tracheostomy

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/2018.2.jns173247 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 131 (1) ◽

pp. 114-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Rafael Wabl ◽

Craig A. Williamson ◽

Aditya S. Pandey ◽

Venkatakrishna Rajajee

Keyword(s):

Brain Injury ◽

Functional Recovery ◽

Tube Feeding ◽

Severe Brain Injury ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Severe Stroke ◽

Icu Discharge ◽

Significant Difference

OBJECTIVEData on long-term functional recovery (LFR) following severe brain injury are essential for counseling of surrogates and for appropriate timing of outcome assessment in clinical trials. Delayed functional recovery (DFR) beyond 3–6 months is well documented following severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI), but there are limited data on DFR following severe cerebrovascular brain injury. The objective of this study was to assess LFR and DFR in patients with sTBI and severe stroke dependent on tracheostomy and tube feeding at the time of discharge from the intensive care unit (ICU).METHODSThe authors identified patients entered into their tracheostomy database 2008–2013 with sTBI and severe stroke, encompassing SAH, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Eligibility criteria included disease-specific indicators of severity, Glasgow Coma Scale score < 9 at time of tracheostomy, and need for tracheostomy and tube feeding at ICU discharge. Assessment was at 1–3 months, 6–12 months, 12–24 months, and 24–36 months after initial injury for presence of tracheostomy, ability to walk, and ability to perform basic activities of daily living (B-ADLs). Long-term functional recovery (LFR) was defined as recovery of the ability to walk or perform B-ADLs by the 24- to 36-month follow-up. Delayed functional recovery (DFR) was defined as progression in functional milestones between any 2 time points beyond the 1- to 3-month follow-up.RESULTSA total of 129 patients met the eligibility criteria. Functional outcomes were available for 129 (100%), 97 (75%), 83 (64%), and 80 (62%) patients, respectively, from assessments at 1–3, 6–12, 12–24 and 24–36 months; 33 (26%) died by 24–36 months. Fifty-nine (46%) regained the ability to walk and 48 (37%) performed B-ADLs at some point during their recovery. Among survivors who had not achieved the respective milestone at 1–3 months, 29/58 (50%) were able to walk and 28/74 (38%) performed B-ADLs at 6–12 months. Among survivors who had not achieved the respective milestone at 6–12 months, 5/16 (31%) were able to walk and 13/30 (43%) performed B-ADLs at 12–24 months. There was no significant difference in rates of LFR or DFR between patients with sTBI and those with severe stroke.CONCLUSIONSAmong patients with severe brain injury requiring tracheostomy and tube feeding at ICU discharge, 46% regained the ability to walk and 37% performed B-ADLs 2–3 years after injury. DFR beyond 1–3 and 6–12 months was seen in over 30% of survivors, with no significant difference between sTBI and severe stroke.

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Anterior diaphragmatic hernias in children: long-term surgical outcomes

Voprosy praktičeskoj pediatrii ◽

10.20953/1817-7646-2021-3-7-15 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 7-15

Author(s):

D.A. Morozov ◽

◽

D.V. Khaspekov ◽

E.A. Okulov ◽

V.G. Masevkin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surgical Treatment ◽

Diaphragmatic Hernia ◽

Complex Analysis ◽

Long Term Results ◽

Long Term Outcomes ◽

X Ray ◽

Hernial Sac ◽

Chest X Ray ◽

Diaphragmatic Hernias

Anterior diaphragmatic hernia (ADH) is a rare congenital pathology that occurs in children with a frequency of 1:4800 (1–6% of all congenital diaphragmatic hernias). There are many controversial aspects in the surgical treatment of patients with ADH: the choice of surgical approach, the method of diaphragmatic repair and the feasibility of excision of the hernial sac. Objective. To conduct a comparative analysis of the surgical treatment of patients with ADH in different clinics, assessing longterm outcomes. Patients and methods. The medical records of 7 children with ADH who underwent surgical repair in different clinics (in time period from 2009 to 2019) were retrospecively reviewed. Evaluating the long-term results of ADH repair was made by telephone and online surveys of the parents of patients and by outpatient examination of children (chest x-ray in two projections). Results. In a ten-year period, 7 patients (4 boys and 3 girls) were operated on with a diagnosis of “anterior diaphragmatic hernia” at the age of 3 months to 12 years. In most children, a hernia was discovered accidentally by chest x-ray. Laparoscopic correction was performed in 5 (71%) cases, thoracoscopic correction – in 2 cases (29%). The main difference in surgical tactics in ADH patients was the manipulation with the hernial sac – the hernial sac was excised in 4 (57%) patients, but it was left in three cases (43%). The defect closure was performed by “full-thickness” separated sutures that fix the diaphragm to the anterior abdominal wall during laparoscopy (5) and to the chest tissue during thoracoscopy (2); in some cases, additional fixation to the rib (4) was performed. Sutures were tied extracorporeally and buried in the subcutaneous layer in 6 (86%) patients. Average follow-up was 7 years. While evaluating long-term outcomes no ADH recurrence were found. Conclusions. There are still many controversial aspects in the surgical treatment of ADH patients. In our opinion, multicenter studies with complex analysis of long-term results are required to standardize the surgical treatment of such patients. Key words: anterior diaphragmatic hernia, Larrey hernia, long-term outcomes, Morgani hernia

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