Tissue-Specific Copper Concentrations in Red Drum after Long-Term Exposure to Sublethal Levels of Waterborne Copper and a 21-Day Withdrawal

2013 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher B. Robinson ◽  
Paul S. Wills ◽  
Marty A. Riche ◽  
David L. Straus
Keyword(s):  
Red Drum ◽  
Tissue Specific

Tissue-specific microrna expression in rats under the acute and long term DDT and benzo(a)pyrene exposure

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. S42
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Ushakov ◽  
Mikhail D. Chanyshev ◽  
Lyudmila F. Gulyaeva ◽  
Tatiana Kalinina
Keyword(s):  
Microrna Expression ◽  
Tissue Specific

scholarly journals Short term but highly efficient Cas9 expression mediated by excisional system using adenovirus vector and Cre

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayaka Nagamoto ◽  
Miyuki Agawa ◽  
Emi Tsuchitani ◽  
Kazunori Akimoto ◽  
Saki Kondo Matsushima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Adenovirus Vector ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Tissue Specific Promoter ◽  
A Cell

AbstractGenome editing techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9 have both become common gene engineering technologies and have been applied to gene therapy. However, the problems of increasing the efficiency of genome editing and reducing off-target effects that induce double-stranded breaks at unexpected sites in the genome remain. In this study, we developed a novel Cas9 transduction system, Exci-Cas9, using an adenovirus vector (AdV). Cas9 was expressed on a circular molecule excised by the site-specific recombinase Cre and succeeded in shortening the expression period compared to AdV, which expresses the gene of interest for at least 6 months. As an example, we chose hepatitis B, which currently has more than 200 million carriers in the world and frequently progresses to liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. The efficiencies of hepatitis B virus genome disruption by Exci-Cas9 and Cas9 expression by AdV directly (Avec) were the same, about 80–90%. Furthermore, Exci-Cas9 enabled cell- or tissue-specific genome editing by expressing Cre from a cell- or tissue-specific promoter. We believe that Exci-Cas9 developed in this study is useful not only for resolving the persistent expression of Cas9, which has been a problem in genome editing, but also for eliminating long-term DNA viruses such as human papilloma virus.

scholarly journals Establishing the prevalence of common, clinically relevant tissue-specific autoantibodies following SARS CoV-2 infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Richter ◽  
Adrian Shields ◽  
Abid Karim ◽  
David Birch ◽  
Sian Faustini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Immune Pathology ◽  
Systemic Symptoms ◽  
Diverse Pattern

COVID-19 has been associated with both transient and persistent systemic symptoms that do not appear to be a direct consequence of viral infection. The generation of autoantibodies has been proposed as a mechanism to explain these symptoms. To understand this phenomenon in more detail, we investigated the frequency and specificity of clinically relevant autoantibodies in 84 individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2, suffering from COVID-19 of varying severity in both the acute and convalescent setting. These were compared with results from 32 individuals who were on ITU for non COVID reasons. We demonstrate a higher frequency of autoantibodies in the COVID-19 ITU group compared with non-COVID-19 ITU disease control patients and that autoantibodies were also found in the serum 3-5 months post COVID-19 infection. Non-COVID patients displayed a diverse pattern of autoantibodies; in contrast, the COVID-19 groups had a more restricted panel of autoantibodies including skin, skeletal muscle and cardiac antibodies. Our results demonstrate that severe COVID-19 induces a pattern of autoantibodies that may correlate with and contribute to the immune pathology associated with the long-term sequelae of infection.

scholarly journals Changes in MCT 1, MCT 4, and LDH expression are tissue specific in rats after long-term hypobaric hypoxia

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 1573-1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant B. McClelland ◽  
George A. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Hypobaric Hypoxia ◽  
Chronic Hypoxia ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Lactate Shuttle ◽  
Mitochondrial Density ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Consistent Increase ◽  
Whole Muscle ◽  
Ldh Isozymes

Little is known about the effect of chronic hypobaric hypoxia on the enzymes and transporters involved in lactate metabolism. We looked at the protein expression of monocarboxylate transporters MCT 1, MCT 2, and MCT 4, along with total lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and LDH isozymes in skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and liver. Expression of these components of the lactate shuttle affects the ability to transport and oxidize lactate. We hypothesized that the expression of MCTs and LDH would increase after acclimation to high altitude (HA). The response to acclimation to HA was, however, tissue specific. In addition, the response was different in whole muscle (Mu) and mitochondria-enriched (Mi) fractions. Heart, soleus, and plantaris muscles showed the greatest response to HA. Acclimation resulted in a 34% increase in MCT 4 in heart and a decrease in MCT 1 (−47%) and MCT 4 (−47%) in plantaris Mu. In Mi fractions, the heart had an increase (+40%) and soleus a decrease (−40%) in LDH. HA also had a significant effect on the LDH isozyme composition of both the Mu and Mi fractions. Mitochondrial density was decreased in both the soleus (−17%) and plantaris (−44%) as a result of chronic hypoxia. We conclude that chronic hypoxia had a tissue-specific effect on MCTs and LDH (that form the lactate shuttle) but did not produce a consistent increase in these components in all tissues.

scholarly journals Maternal infection promotes offspring tissue-specific immune fitness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai Ing Lim ◽  
Taryn McFadden ◽  
Verena M. Link ◽  
Seong-Ji Han ◽  
Rose-Marie Karlsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Maternal Infection ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
The Face ◽  
Mammalian Immune System

AbstractThe mammalian immune system has evolved in the face of microbial exposure. How maternal infection experienced at distinct developmental stages shapes the offspring immune system remains poorly understood. Here we show that during pregnancy, maternally restricted infection can have permanent and tissue-specific impacts on offspring immunity. Mechanistically, maternal IL-6 produced in response to infection can specifically and directly impose epigenetic changes on fetal intestinal epithelial cells. Such imprinting is associated with long-lasting impacts on intestinal immune homeostasis, characterized by enhanced tonic immunity to the microbiota and heightened Th17 responses within the gut, but not at other barrier sites. Furthermore, the offspring from IL-6-exposed dams developed enhanced protective immunity to gastrointestinal infection. Together, this work demonstrates that maternal infection experienced during pregnancy can be coopted by the fetus to promote long-term tissue-specific fitness.Summary sentenceInfection-induced maternal IL-6 impacts offspring epithelial cells, resulting in heightened immunity to the microbiota and pathogens.

scholarly journals Fetuin-B, a potential link of liver-adipose tissue cross talk during diet-induced weight loss–weight maintenance

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linna Li ◽  
Leonard Spranger ◽  
Nicole Stobäus ◽  
Finja Beer ◽  
Anne-Marie Decker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Dietary Weight Loss ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Specific Insulin

Abstract Background/objectives Numerous hepatokines are involved in inter-organ cross talk regulating tissue-specific insulin sensitivity. Adipose tissue lipolysis represents a crucial element of adipose insulin sensitivity and is substantially involved in long-term body weight regulation after dietary weight loss. Thus, we aimed to analyze the impact of the hepatokine Fetuin-B in the context of weight loss induced short- and long-term modulation of adipose insulin sensitivity. Subjects/methods 143 subjects (age > 18; BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2) were analyzed before (T-3) and after (T0) a standardized 12-week dietary weight reduction program. Afterward, subjects were randomized to a 12-month lifestyle intervention or a control group. After 12 months (T12) no further intervention was performed until 6 months later (T18) (Maintain-Adults trial). Tissue-specific insulin sensitivity was estimated by HOMA-IR (predominantly liver), ISIClamp (predominantly skeletal muscle), and free fatty acid suppression during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (FFASupp) (predominantly adipose tissue). Fetuin-B was measured at all concomitant time points. Results Circulating Fetuin-B levels correlated significantly with estimates of obesity, hepatic steatosis as well as HOMA-IR, ISIClamp, FFASupp at baseline. Fetuin-B decreased during dietary weight loss (4.2 (3.5–4.9) vs. 3.8 (3.2–4.6) µg/ml; p = 2.1 × 10−5). This change was associated with concomitant improvement of HOMA-IR (r = 0.222; p = 0.008) and FFASupp (r = −0.210; p = 0.013), suggesting a particular relationship to hepatic and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity. Weight loss induced improvements of insulin resistance were almost completely preserved until months 12 and 18 and most interestingly, the short and long-term improvement of FFASupp was partially predicted by baseline level of Fetuin-B. Conclusions Our data suggest that Fetuin-B might be a potential mediator of liver-adipose cross talk involved in short- and long-term regulation of adipose insulin sensitivity, especially in the context of diet-induced weight changes. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT00850629, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00850629, date of registration: February 25, 2009.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document