Mathematical modeling and simulation of drug release from microspheres: Implications to drug delivery systems

The main goal of any drug delivery system is to achieve desired concentration of the drug in blood or tissue, which is therapeutically effective and nontoxic for a prolonged period. Various attempts have been made to develop gastroretentive delivery systems such as high density system, swelling, floating system. The recent developments of FDDS including the physiological and formulation variables affecting gastric retention, approaches to design single-unit and multiple-unit floating systems, and their classification and formulation aspects are covered in detail. Gastric emptying is a complex process and makes in vivo performance of the drug delivery systems uncertain. In order to avoid this variability, efforts have been made to increase the retention time of the drug-delivery systems for more than 12 hours. The floating or hydrodynamically controlled drug delivery systems are useful in such application. Background of the research: Diltiazem HCL (DTZ), has short biological half life of 3-4 h, requires rather high frequency of administration. Due to repeated administration there may be chances of patient incompliance and toxicity problems. Objective: The objective of study was to develop sustained release alginate beads of DTZ for reduction in dosing frequency, high bioavailability and better patient compliance. Methodology: Five formulations prepared by using different drug to polymer ratios, were evaluated for relevant parameters and compared. Alginate beads were prepared by ionotropic external gelation technique using CaCl2 as cross linking agent. Prepared beads were evaluated for % yield, entrapment efficiency, swelling index in 0.1N HCL, drug release study and SEM analysis. In order to improve %EE and drug release, LMP and sunflower oil were used as copolymers along with sodium alginate.

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Improving the Efficacy of Anticancer Drugs via Encapsulation and Acoustic Release

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1568026618666180608125344 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (10) ◽

pp. 857-880 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Salma E. Ahmed ◽

Nahid Awad ◽

Vinod Paul ◽

Hesham G. Moussa ◽

Ghaleb A. Husseini

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Release ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Special Focus ◽

Nano Drug Delivery ◽

Medical Researchers ◽

History Of ◽

Overall Performance ◽

Enhanced Stability

Conventional chemotherapeutics lack the specificity and controllability, thus may poison healthy cells while attempting to kill cancerous ones. Newly developed nano-drug delivery systems have shown promise in delivering anti-tumor agents with enhanced stability, durability and overall performance; especially when used along with targeting and triggering techniques. This work traces back the history of chemotherapy, addressing the main challenges that have encouraged the medical researchers to seek a sanctuary in nanotechnological-based drug delivery systems that are grafted with appropriate targeting techniques and drug release mechanisms. A special focus will be directed to acoustically triggered liposomes encapsulating doxorubicin.

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Nanostructured Ketorolac-Tromethamine/MCF: Synthesis, Characterization and Application in Drug Release System

Current Nanoscience ◽

10.2174/1573413714666180222134742 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 432-439 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Juliana M. Juarez ◽

Jorgelina Cussa ◽

Marcos B. Gomez Costa ◽

Oscar A. Anunziata

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Release ◽

Therapeutic Efficacy ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Controlled Drug Release ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

The Body ◽

Fickian Diffusion ◽

Ketorolac Tromethamine

Background: Controlled drug delivery systems can maintain the concentration of drugs in the exact sites of the body within the optimum range and below the toxicity threshold, improving therapeutic efficacy and reducing toxicity. Mesostructured Cellular Foam (MCF) material is a new promising host for drug delivery systems due to high biocompatibility, in vivo biodegradability and low toxicity. Methods: Ketorolac-Tromethamine/MCF composite was synthesized. The material synthesis and loading of ketorolac-tromethamine into MCF pores were successful as shown by XRD, FTIR, TGA, TEM and textural analyses. Results: We obtained promising results for controlled drug release using the novel MCF material. The application of these materials in KETO release is innovative, achieving an initial high release rate and then maintaining a constant rate at high times. This allows keeping drug concentration within the range of therapeutic efficacy, being highly applicable for the treatment of diseases that need a rapid response. The release of KETO/MCF was compared with other containers of KETO (KETO/SBA-15) and commercial tablets. Conclusion: The best model to fit experimental data was Ritger-Peppas equation. Other models used in this work could not properly explain the controlled drug release of this material. The predominant release of KETO from MCF was non-Fickian diffusion.

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Ingenious pH-sensitive dextran/mesoporous silica nanoparticles based drug delivery systems for controlled intracellular drug release

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules ◽

10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.01.136 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 98 ◽

pp. 691-700 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Min Zhang ◽

Jia Liu ◽

Ying Kuang ◽

Qilin Li ◽

Di-Wei Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Release ◽

Mesoporous Silica ◽

Silica Nanoparticles ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Ph Sensitive

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Nanoporous anodic titanium dioxide layers as potential drug delivery systems: Drug release kinetics and mechanism

Colloids and Surfaces B Biointerfaces ◽

10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.03.073 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 143 ◽

pp. 447-454 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Magdalena Jarosz ◽

Anna Pawlik ◽

Michał Szuwarzyński ◽

Marian Jaskuła ◽

Grzegorz D. Sulka

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Drug Release ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Release Kinetics ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Kinetics And Mechanism ◽

Potential Drug ◽

Drug Release Kinetics

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Drug release from and sterilization of in situ cubic phase forming monoglyceride drug delivery systems

European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics ◽

10.1016/j.ejpb.2010.04.004 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 75 (3) ◽

pp. 375-380 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Abid Riaz Ahmed ◽

Andrei Dashevsky ◽

Roland Bodmeier

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Release ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Cubic Phase

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Towards feedback-controlled nanomedicines for smart, adaptive delivery

Experimental Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1177/1535370218800456 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 244 (4) ◽

pp. 283-293 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Stephen J. Jones ◽

Annette F. Taylor ◽

Paul A Beales

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Release ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

The Body ◽

Living Systems ◽

Prolonged Release ◽

Drug Bioavailability ◽

Drug Release Profile ◽

Chemical Systems

Nanomedicines for controlled drug release provide temporal and spatial regulation of drug bioavailability in the body. The timing of drug release is usually engineered either for slow gradual release over an extended period of time or for rapid release triggered by a specific change in its physicochemical environment. However, between these two extremes, there is the desirable possibility of adaptive nanomedicines that dynamically modulate drug release in tune with its changing environment. Adaptation and response through communication with its environment is a fundamental trait of living systems; therefore, the design of biomimetic nanomedicines through the approaches of bottom-up synthetic biology provides a viable route to this goal. This could enable drug delivery systems to optimize release in synchronicity with the body’s natural biological rhythms and the personalized physiological characteristics of the patient, e.g. their metabolic rate. Living systems achieve this responsiveness through feedback-controlled biochemical processes that regulate their functional outputs. Towards this goal of adaptive drug delivery systems, we review the general benefits of nanomedicine formulations, provide existing examples of experimental nanomedicines that encapsulate the metabolic function of enzymes, and give relevant examples of feedback-controlled chemical systems. These are the underpinning concepts that hold promise to be combined to form novel adaptive release systems. Furthermore, we motivate the advantages of adaptive release through chronobiological examples. By providing a brief review of these topics and an assessment of the state of the art, we aim to provide a useful resource to accelerate developments in this field. Impact statement The timing and rate of release of pharmaceuticals from advanced drug delivery systems is an important property that has received considerable attention in the scientific literature. Broadly, these mostly fall into two classes: controlled release with a prolonged release rate or triggered release where the drug is rapidly released in response to an environmental stimulus. This review aims to highlight the potential for developing adaptive release systems that more subtlety modulate the drug release profile through continuous communication with its environment facilitated through feedback control. By reviewing the key elements of this approach in one place (fundamental principles of nanomedicine, enzymatic nanoreactors for medical therapies and feedback-controlled chemical systems) and providing additional motivating case studies in the context of chronobiology, we hope to inspire innovative development of novel “chrononanomedicines.”

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A Systematic Review on Drug Delivery Systems Based on Their Mechanism of Drug Release and Their Applications

International Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology ◽

10.31033/ijrasb.8.3.9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Amit Prakash ◽

Amit Prakash

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Release ◽

Delivery System ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Oral Drug Delivery ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Oral Drug ◽

Effective Delivery ◽

Route Of Delivery

Oral drug delivery is the most commonly used and preferred route of delivery of pharmaceuticals which has been successfully treating wide number of diseases. The advantages of this method of delivery are patient friendly, cost effective, established delivery system, noninvasiveness and convenient, and In the pharmaceutical field it is the most favored drug delivery system. Oral drug delivery systems along with other effective delivery system types that are effective and promising are discussed in this paper based on the mechanism of drug release.

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