Weed diversity in crop edges and inner fields of organic and conventional dryland winter cereal crops in NE Spain

The results of a statistical assessment of the influence of changing weather and climatic conditions of the territory of Belarus on the productivity of the main winter cereal crops are presented in order to build computational models of productivity. The calculations were made with respect to the climatic component as a predictor, taking into account the deviations of air temperature and precipitation from the long-term climatic norm of months that have the most significant effect on the yield of the studied crops. For winter rye and wheat, adequate models of yield variability have been built. The research results are relevant for solving forecasting problems.

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Survey of Barley yellow dwarf virus incidence in winter cereal crops, and assessment of wheat and barley resistance to the virus

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp16167 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 67 (10) ◽

pp. 1054 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Eva Beoni ◽

Jana Chrpová ◽

Jana Jarošová ◽

Jiban Kumar Kundu

Keyword(s):

Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽

Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Yellow Dwarf ◽

Dwarf Virus ◽

Cereal Crops ◽

Winter Cereal ◽

Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Yellow Dwarf Virus

A survey of Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) incidence in cereal crops in the Czech Republic over 4 years showed, on average, 13.3% BYDV-positive, randomly tested wheat and barley samples. The cultivated wheat and barley cultivars had different levels of susceptibility to BYDV infection. Field trials were performed with different barley and wheat breeding lines and cultivars, and resistance traits were evaluated after artificial inculcation by the viruliferous aphid vector Rhopalosiphum padi L. with BYDV-PAV. Our results showed high variability of visual symptom score (VSS) and reduction in grain weight per spike (GWS-R) in trials within the tested lines and cultivars. The barley line (WBON 96-123) and cultivars (Wysor, Travira) that contained RYd2 differed significantly from other cultivars in VSS. Line WBON 96-123 and cvv. Wysor and Yatzi showed the lowest GWS-R. Wheat line PSR 3628 and cvv. Altigo, Elan, Sparta, Aladin and Hewit showed significant difference from other cultivars in VSS. PSR 3628, Sparta, and Elan showed the lowest GWS-R. Similar results were obtained from BYDV titre analysis by RT-qPCR corresponding to the VSS and GWS-R traits. A low virus titre corresponded to low VSS and GWS-R. Hence, our results suggest that laborious and time-consuming GWS-R analysis could be replaced in some cases by qPCR-based BYDV titre analysis and, together with VSS evaluation, could enhance the efficiency of resistance assessment.

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Measurement of gaseous emissions from denitrification of applied N-15 .3. Field-measurements

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr9950101 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 101 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

UK Avalakki ◽

WM Strong ◽

PG Saffigna

Keyword(s):

Mass Balance ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Field Measurements ◽

Cereal Crops ◽

Gaseous Emissions ◽

Gas Emission ◽

Winter Cereal ◽

Autumn And Winter ◽

Balance Loss ◽

Peak Emission

Field experiments were conducted during autumn and winter (April-July) at four locations on Vertisol or Alfisol soils on the Darling Downs of Queensland in 1988 and 1989 to determine 15N losses when soil was saturated after applications of 15N labelled nitrate-N prior to sowing winter cereal crops. Losses of applied 15N were quantified by either gas emission or mass balance measurements on microplots (0.043 m2) confined laterally to a depth of 110 or 260 mm. At each field location, two experiments were established, one on a soil containing little visible crop residue where winter cereal had been harvested the previous November and another site containing residues of a recently harvested sorghum crop. Because shallow (110 mm) confinement was found to be unsatisfactory for both gas emission and mass balance measurement of 15N losses, comparison of the two methods was not applicable at one of the four field locations. Loss estimates for the six field sites by accumulating daily gas emissions averaged 80.7 � 33.4% (range 43-132%) of that estimated by mass balance. Loss estimates from peak emission measurements were generally closer to that estimated by mass balance 100.8� 39.9% (range 56-169%). Loss of applied 15N (40 kg N ha-1) when soils were saturated in April was several-fold more (19-29 kg N ha-1)) than that lost when soils were saturated in July (3.9-6.4 kg N ha-1)). Loss of 15N following saturation during July 1988 was similar in magnitude to the quantity of 15N apparently immobilized into soil organic forms (5.8-6.0 kg N ha-1)). Sorghum residues returned in March, or wheat straw added in December prior to a long period of dry weather, promoted loss of 15N applied prior to soil saturation in April or July. Alternatively, where residues of a previous winter cereal had decomposed considerably, loss of applied 15N was much lower than where sorghum residues had been added prior to saturations in April (15.3 cf. 28.6 kg N ha-1)) or July (3.9 cf. 6.4 kg N ha-1)).

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Pink snow mold in winter cereal crops in Belarus and in the South of Russia

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20202100006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

pp. 00006

Author(s):

Alexander Zhukovskiy ◽

Natalia Krupenko ◽

Yana Yakhnik ◽

Olga Tarancheva ◽

Galina Volkova

Keyword(s):

Weather Conditions ◽

Cereal Crops ◽

Disease Development ◽

The South ◽

Snow Mold ◽

Winter Cereal ◽

Krasnodar Krai ◽

Spring Period ◽

Southern Russia ◽

The Republic

The article presents an analysis of the distribution and development of pink snow mold (pathogen Microdochium nivale (Fr.) Samuels & I.C. Hallett) on winter cereal crops in the Republic of Belarus and in the South of Russia. Pink snow mold is currently one of the most harmful diseases of winter cereal crops, as it can cause damage not only to various parts of the plants, but also lead to their complete death. The intensity of the disease development mainly depends on weather conditions in the autumn-spring period, namely, on the duration of snow cover, its height and the rate of melting in spring. We determined the dependence of the disease development progress on agroclimatic conditions. There is a description of weather conditions in combination with a gradation of the disease development level in the Republic of Belarus and in Krasnodar Krai (southern Russia) during the epiphytotic and depressive years of the pink snow mold development. The article provides a retrospective analysis of the crops infected with pink snow mold and the treated cereal crops in southern Russia in 2011 -2019.

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Nitrates in Groundwater of Small Shallow Aquifers in the Western Side of Hoya de Huesca (NE Spain)

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10010022 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 22 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Raquel Zufiaurre ◽

Pablo Martín-Ramos ◽

José Antonio Cuchí

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Control Measures ◽

Winter Cereal ◽

Sampling Points ◽

Irrigated Crops ◽

Areal Sampling ◽

Western Side ◽

Dry Farming ◽

Ne Spain

Nitrate is one of the most common groundwater contaminants in rural areas. In this work, the presence of high levels of nitrate in groundwater of the aquifers of the west part of Hoya de Huesca County (NE Spain) has been studied by coupling hydrogeological information with water sampling techniques through a wide areal sampling of 90 surface water and groundwater points belonging to several aquifers. The results showed a general hydrochemistry of calcium carbonate to calcium sulfate waters. Unlike other case studies in Mediterranean areas, in which nitrate pollution was associated with irrigated crops, the highest concentrations in the present study were found in dry farming areas in which winter cereal is grown. A monthly nitrate level monitoring, conducted in 21 selected points between 2016 and 2017, showed that the nitrate evolution pattern followed the N fertilizer application schedules in the sampling points in which the highest concentrations were recorded, whereas an annual regularity could be observed in the sampling points with low nitrate levels. The compilation of data for 16 selected points since 1990 shows that the problem is persistent and points to the need of implementing new aquifer pollution control measures, since the ones currently in force have not been successful.

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