Recovery of 15N fertilizer in intercropped maize, grass and legume and residual effect in black oat under tropical conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 310 ◽  
pp. 107226
Author(s):  
Nídia R. Costa ◽  
Carlos A.C. Crusciol ◽  
Paulo C.O. Trivelin ◽  
Cristiano M. Pariz ◽  
Ciniro Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Effect ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
15N Fertilizer

Concanavalin A-induced Aggregation of Human Blood Platelets

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 (02) ◽  
pp. 354-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinrich Patscheke ◽  
Reinhard Brossmer
Keyword(s):  
Concanavalin A ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Con A ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Induced Aggregation

SummaryConcanavalin A (CON A) causes platelets to aggregate. A Ca++-independent effect of CON A could be separated from a main effect which depends on Ca++. The main effect probably is a consequence of the CON A-induced platelet release reaction and therefore is platelet-specific. The weak residual effect observed in the presence of Na2EDTA may be due to a similar mechanism as has been demonstrated for CON A-induced aggregations of several other normal and malignant transformed animal cells.Na2EDTA did not inhibit the carbohydrate-specific binding capacity of CON A. Therefore, Na2EDTA appears not to demineralize the CON A molecules under these experimental conditions.α-methyl-D-glucoside inhibits the Ca++-independent as well as the Ca++-dependent effect of CON A.Pretreatment by neuraminidase stimulated the platelet aggregation induced by CON A. It is possible that removal of terminal sialic acid residues makes additional receptors accessible for the binding of CON A.

Thigh Cuff Effects on Venous Flow Redistribution During 4 Days in Dry Immersion

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (9) ◽  
pp. 697-702
Author(s):  
Philippe Arbeille ◽  
Danielle Greaves ◽  
Laurent Guillon ◽  
Stephane Besnard
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Cerebral Vein ◽  
Fluid Shift ◽  
Venous Flow ◽  
Additional Measure ◽  
Dry Immersion ◽  
Vein Diameter

PURPOSE: The objective was to quantify the venous redistribution during a 4-d dry immersion (DI) and evaluate the effect of thigh cuffs.METHODS: The study included nine control (Co) and nine subjects wearing thigh cuffs during the daytime (CU). Ultrasound measures were performed Pre-DI, on day 4 AM (D4 AM) and D4 PM: left ventricle stroke volume and ejection fraction (SV, EF), jugular vein volume (JVvol), portal vein diameter (PV), and middle cerebral vein velocity (MCVv). An additional measure of JVvol was performed on Day 1 after 2 h in DI.RESULTS: After 2 h in DI, JVvol increased significantly from Pre in both groups, but increased more in the Co compared to the CU subjects (Co: 0.27 0.15 cm3 to 0.94 0.22 cm3; CU: 0.32 0.13 cm3 to 0.64 0.32 cm3). At D4 AM, SV and EF decreased from Pre (SV: 111 23 cm3 to 93 24 cm3; EF: 0.66 0.07 to 0.62 0.07). JVvol was slightly increased (Co: 0.47 0.22 cm3 CU: 0.35 014 cm3). MCVv and PV remained unchanged from Pre-DI. No difference was found between the two groups for any of the parameters measured. From D4 AM to PM, no significant change was observed for any parameter.CONCLUSION: The results confirm that DI induces, during the first 2-3 h, a significant cephalic fluid shift as observed in spaceflight. During this early phase, the thigh cuffs reduced the amplitude of the fluid shift toward the head, but after 4 d in DI there was only a slight memory (residual) effect of DI on the jugular volume and no residual effect of the thigh cuffs.Arbeille P, Greaves D, Guillon L, Besnard S. Thigh cuff effects on venous flow redistribution during 4 days in dry immersion. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(9):697702.

Nutrient economy through land configuration and residue management in a greengram (Phaseolus radiatus L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping sequence with limited water supplies

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-379
Author(s):  
B. G. Shivakumar ◽  
B. N. Mishra ◽  
R. C. Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Indian Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Preceding Crop ◽  
Cropping Sequence ◽  
Phosphorus Application

A field experiment on a greengram-wheat cropping sequence was carried out under limited water supply conditions in 1997-98 and 1998-99 at the farm of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. The greengram was sown either on flat beds or on broad beds 2 m in width, divided by furrows, with 0, 30 and 60 kg P2O5/ha. After the harvest of greengram pods, wheat was grown in the same plots, either with the greengram stover removed or with the stover incorporated along with 0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N/ha applied to wheat. The grain yield of greengram was higher when sown on broad beds with furrows compared to flat bed sowing, and the application of 30 or 60 kg P2O5/ha resulted in significantly higher grain yields compared to no phosphorus application. The combination of broad bed and furrows with phosphorus fertilization was found to be ideal for achieving higher productivity in greengram. The land configuration treatments had no impact on the productivity of wheat. The application of phosphorus to the preceding crop had a significant residual effect on the grain yield of wheat. The incorporation of greengram stover also significantly increased the grain yield of wheat. The increasing levels of N increased the grain yield of wheat significantly up to 80 kg/ha. The combination of greengram stover incorporation and 80 kg N/ha applied to wheat significantly increased the grain yield. Further, there was a significant interaction effect between the phosphorus applied to the preceding crop and N levels given to wheat on the grain yield of wheat.

DISINFEKSI UNTUK PROSES PENGOLAHAN AIR MINUM

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nusa Idaman Said
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Disinfection Byproducts ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Microbiological Contamination ◽  
Disinfection Process

Water disinfection means the removal, deactivation or killing of pathogenic microorganisms. Microorganisms are destroyed or deactivated, resulting in termination of growth and reproduction. When microorganisms are not removed from drinking water, drinking water usage will cause people to fall ill. Chemical inactivation of microbiological contamination in natural or untreated water is usually one of the final steps to reduce pathogenic microorganisms in drinking water. Combinations of water purification steps (oxidation, coagulation, settling, disinfection, and filtration) cause (drinking) water to be safe after production. As an extra measure many countries apply a second disinfection step at the end of the water purification process, in order to protect the water from microbiological contamination in the water distribution system. Usually one uses a different kind of disinfectant from the one earlier in the process, during this disinfection process. The secondary disinfection makes sure that bacteria will not multiply in the water during distribution. This paper describes several technique of disinfection process for drinking water treatment. Disinfection can be attained by means of physical or chemical disinfectants. The agents also remove organic contaminants from water, which serve as nutrients or shelters for microorganisms. Disinfectants should not only kill microorganisms. Disinfectants must also have a residual effect, which means that they remain active in the water after disinfection. For chemical disinfection of water the following disinfectants can be used such as Chlorine (Cl2),  Hypo chlorite (OCl-), Chloramines, Chlorine dioxide (ClO2), Ozone (O3), Hydrogen peroxide etch. For physical disinfection of water the following disinfectants can be used is Ultraviolet light (UV). Every technique has its specific advantages and and disadvantages its own application area sucs as environmentally friendly, disinfection byproducts, effectivity, investment, operational costs etc. Kata Kunci : Disinfeksi, bakteria, virus, air minum, khlor, hip khlorit, khloramine, khlor dioksida, ozon, UV.

Accelerating Agricultural Growth—Is Irrigation Institutional Reform Necessary? (Distinguishedl Lecture)

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (4I) ◽  
pp. 399-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Mellor
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Institutional Reform ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Agricultural Growth ◽  
The Past ◽  
Major Reform ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Economic Growth Rates

The right to the flow of income from water is vigorously pursued, protected, and fought over in any arid part of the world. Pakistan is of course no exception. Reform of irrigation institutions necessarily changes the rights to water, whether it be those of farmers, government, or government functionaries. Those perceived rights may be explicit and broadly accepted, or simply takings that are not even considered legitimate. Nevertheless they will be fought over. Pakistan has a long history of proposals for irrigation reform, little or none being implemented, except as isolated pilot projects. Thus, to propose major changes in irrigation institutions must be clearly shown to have major benefits to justify the hard battles that must be fought and the goodwill of those who might win those battles for reform. Proponents of irrigation institution reform have always argued the necessity of the reforms and the large gains to be achieved. Perhaps, however, those arguments have not been convincing. This paper will briefly outline the failed attempts at irrigation reform to provide an element of reality to the discussion. It will then proceed to make the case of the urgency of reform in a somewhat different manner to the past. Finally, current major reform proposals will be presented. This paper approaches justification of irrigation reform by focusing on the agricultural growth rate. It does so because that is the critical variable influencing poverty rates and is a significant determinant of over-all economic growth rates. The paper decomposes growth rates and suggests a residual effect of deterioration of the irrigation system that is large and calls for policy and institutional reform. The data are notional, suggesting the usefulness of the approach and paves the way for more detailed empirical analysis and enquiry for the future.

Dissolved Phosphorus Losses in Tile Drainage under Subirrigation

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Stämpfli ◽  
Chandra A. Madramootoo
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Tile Drainage ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Shallow Water Table ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus ◽  
Water Table Control

Abstract Recent studies have shown subirrigation (SI) to be effective in reducing nitrate losses from agricultural tile drainage systems. A field study was conducted from 2001 to 2002 in southwestern Québec to evaluate the effect of SI on total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) losses in tile drainage. In an agricultural field with drains installed at a 1-m depth, a SI system with a design water table depth (WTD) of 0.6 m below the soil surface was compared with conventional free drainage (FD). Subirrigation increased drainage outflow volumes in the autumn, when drains were opened and water table control was interrupted for the winter in the SI plots. Outflows were otherwise similar for both treatments. Throughout the study, the TDP concentrations in tile drainage were significantly higher with SI than with FD for seven out of 17 of the sampling dates for which data could be analyzed statistically, and they were never found to be lower for plots under SI than for plots under FD. Of the seven dates for which the increase was significant, six fell in the period during which water table control was not implemented (27 September 2001 to 24 June 2002). Hence, it appears that SI tended to increase TDP concentrations compared with FD, and that it also had a residual effect between growing seasons. Almost one-third of all samples from the plots under SI exceeded Québec's surface water quality standard (0.03 mg TDP L-1), whereas concentrations in plots under FD were all below the standard. Possible causes of the increase in TDP concentrations in tile drainage with SI are high TDP concentrations found in the well water used for SI and a higher P solubility caused by the shallow water table.

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