Silvopasture in the USA: A systematic review of natural resource professional and producer-reported benefits, challenges, and management activities

Abstract In April 2019, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) released its recovery plan for the jaguar Panthera onca after several decades of discussion, litigation and controversy about the status of the species in the USA. The USFWS estimated that potential habitat, south of the Interstate-10 highway in Arizona and New Mexico, had a carrying capacity of c. six jaguars, and so focused its recovery programme on areas south of the USA–Mexico border. Here we present a systematic review of the modelling and assessment efforts over the last 25 years, with a focus on areas north of Interstate-10 in Arizona and New Mexico, outside the recovery unit considered by the USFWS. Despite differences in data inputs, methods, and analytical extent, the nine previous studies found support for potential suitable jaguar habitat in the central mountain ranges of Arizona and New Mexico. Applying slightly modified versions of the USFWS model and recalculating an Arizona-focused model over both states provided additional confirmation. Extending the area of consideration also substantially raised the carrying capacity of habitats in Arizona and New Mexico, from six to 90 or 151 adult jaguars, using the modified USFWS models. This review demonstrates the crucial ways in which choosing the extent of analysis influences the conclusions of a conservation plan. More importantly, it opens a new opportunity for jaguar conservation in North America that could help address threats from habitat losses, climate change and border infrastructure.

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Technology Acceptance in Healthcare: A Systematic Review

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app112210537 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (22) ◽

pp. 10537

Author(s):

Adi A. AlQudah ◽

Mostafa Al-Emran ◽

Khaled Shaalan

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Technology Acceptance ◽

Large Scale ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Influential Factors ◽

Full Potential ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

The Usa ◽

Healthcare Technologies

Understanding the factors affecting the use of healthcare technologies is a crucial topic that has been extensively studied, specifically during the last decade. These factors were studied using different technology acceptance models and theories. However, a systematic review that offers extensive understanding into what affects healthcare technologies and services and covers distinctive trends in large-scale research remains lacking. Therefore, this review aims to systematically review the articles published on technology acceptance in healthcare. From a yield of 1768 studies collected, 142 empirical studies have met the eligibility criteria and were extensively analyzed. The key findings confirmed that TAM and UTAUT are the most prevailing models in explaining what affects the acceptance of various healthcare technologies through different user groups, settings, and countries. Apart from the core constructs of TAM and UTAUT, the results showed that anxiety, computer self-efficacy, innovativeness, and trust are the most influential factors affecting various healthcare technologies. The results also revealed that Taiwan and the USA are leading the research of technology acceptance in healthcare, with a remarkable increase in studies focusing on telemedicine and electronic medical records solutions. This review is believed to enhance our understanding through a number of theoretical contributions and practical implications by unveiling the full potential of technology acceptance in healthcare and opening the door for further research opportunities.

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Prevalence, main serovars, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Non-typhoidal Salmonella in poultry samples from the Americas: A systematic review and meta-analysis

10.22541/au.163253387.70584910/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel Diaz ◽

Pavel Eduardo Hernandez-Carreño ◽

Diana Zuleika Velazquez ◽

Miguel Angel Chaidez-Ibarra ◽

Arnulfo Montero-Pardo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Environmental Samples ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

National Level ◽

Production Chain ◽

National Differences ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

The Usa ◽

Meta Analyses

Poultry and poultry-derived products such as meat and eggs are among the main sources of non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) transmission to the human. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and used random-effects meta-analyses to 1) estimate the prevalence of NTS in poultry samples from birds, products and subproducts, and environmental samples, 2) examine the diversity and frequency of their serovars, and 3) estimate the prevalence and profiles of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in NTS isolates reported in studies from the Americas. We included 157 studies from 15 countries comprising 261,408 poultry samples and estimated an overall pooled prevalence of 17.9% (95% CI: 10.8–26.3) in birds, 21.8% (17.7–26.1) in products and subproducts, and 29.5% (24.2–35.1) in environmental samples. At the national level, the prevalence of NTS was heterogenous across countries with the highest values in Mexico, the USA, and Canada. In total, 131 serovars were identified from 13,388 isolates, Heidelberg, Kentucky, Enteritidis, and Typhimurium were the most prevalent in the overall top 10 ranking (range 6.5–20.8%). At the national level, Enteritidis and Typhimurium were identified in most of the countries, though with national differences in their ranks. The prevalence of AMR increased from 24.1% for 1 antibiotic, to 36.2% for 2-3 antibiotics, and 49.6% for ≥ 4 antibiotics. Kentucky, Heidelberg, Typhimurium, and Enteritidis were the serovars with the highest prevalence of AMR and tetracycline, ampicillin, streptomycin, ceftiofur, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid were the top five antibiotics to which NTS isolates were resistant. In conclusion, NTS was distributed through the avian production chain with high and heterogenous values of prevalence in poultry samples. Besides, there were distinctive patterns of serovars distribution across countries and an alarming prevalence of AMR among zoonotic serovars.

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From nowhere to nowhere. Homelessness and incarceration: a systematic review and meta-analysis

International Journal of Prisoner Health ◽

10.1108/ijph-01-2021-0010 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Ahmad Y. Bashir ◽

Noreen Moloney ◽

Musaab E. Elzain ◽

Isabelle Delaunois ◽

Ali Sheikhi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Mental Illnesses ◽

Significant Heterogeneity ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Systematic Review Methodology ◽

Content Type ◽

Targeted Interventions ◽

The Usa

Purpose This study aims to review international literature systematically to estimate the prevalence of homelessness among incarcerated persons at the time of imprisonment and the time of discharge. Design/methodology/approach A systematic review methodology was used to identify quantitative observational studies that looked at the prevalence of homelessness at the time of imprisonment, or up to 30 days prior to that point (initial homelessness), and at the time of discharge from prisons. Studies reported in English from inception to 11 September 2019 were searched for using eight databases (PsycInfo, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycArticles, Scopus, Web of Science and the Campbell Collaboration), in addition to grey literature. Studies were screened independently by three researchers. Results of studies meeting inclusion criteria were meta-analysed using a random effects model to generate pooled prevalence data. Findings A total of 18 out of 2,131 studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies originated from the USA, Canada, UK, Ireland or Australia. The estimated prevalence of initial homelessness was 23.41% and at time of discharge was 29.94%. Substantial heterogeneity was observed among studies. Originality/value People in prisons are over twenty times more likely to be homeless than those in the general population. This is likely attributable to a range of health and social factors. Studies in this analysis suggest higher rates of homelessness in minority populations and among those with mental illnesses and neurodevelopmental disorders. While there was significant heterogeneity among studies, the results highlight the global burden of this issue and a clear necessity for targeted interventions to address homelessness in this population.

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A Systematic Review of Aesthetic Surgery Training Within Plastic Surgery Training Programs in the USA: An In-Depth Analysis and Practical Reference

Aesthetic Plastic Surgery ◽

10.1007/s00266-021-02557-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Martin P. Morris ◽

Yoshiko Toyoda ◽

Adrienne N. Christopher ◽

Robyn B. Broach ◽

Ivona Percec

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Plastic Surgery ◽

Training Programs ◽

Aesthetic Surgery ◽

Surgery Training ◽

Depth Analysis ◽

The Usa

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Orphan disease status of cancer cachexia in the USA and in the European Union: a systematic review

Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle ◽

10.1002/jcsm.12402 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 22-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Markus S. Anker ◽

Richard Holcomb ◽

Maurizio Muscaritoli ◽

Stephan Haehling ◽

Wilhelm Haverkamp ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

European Union ◽

Cancer Cachexia ◽

Disease Status ◽

Orphan Disease ◽

The European Union ◽

The Usa

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A Systematic Review of Neuropsychological Tests for the Assessment of Dementia in Non-Western, Low-Educated or Illiterate Populations

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617719000894 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 331-351 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Sanne Franzen ◽

Esther van den Berg ◽

Miriam Goudsmit ◽

Caroline K. Jurgens ◽

Lotte van de Wiel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Executive Functioning ◽

Neuropsychological Tests ◽

Cognitive Domains ◽

Domain Specific ◽

Adaptation Procedure ◽

The Usa ◽

Low Educated ◽

Culture Education

AbstractObjective:Neuropsychological tests are important instruments to determine a cognitive profile, giving insight into the etiology of dementia; however, these tests cannot readily be used in culturally diverse, low-educated populations, due to their dependence upon (Western) culture, education, and literacy. In this review we aim to give an overview of studies investigating domain-specific cognitive tests used to assess dementia in non-Western, low-educated populations. The second aim was to examine the quality of these studies and of the adaptations for culturally, linguistically, and educationally diverse populations.Method:A systematic review was performed using six databases, without restrictions on the year or language of publication.Results:Forty-four studies were included, stemming mainly from Brazil, Hong Kong, Korea, and considering Hispanics/Latinos residing in the USA. Most studies focused on Alzheimer’s disease (n = 17) or unspecified dementia (n = 16). Memory (n = 18) was studied most often, using 14 different tests. The traditional Western tests in the domains of attention (n = 8) and construction (n = 15), were unsuitable for low-educated patients. There was little variety in instruments measuring executive functioning (two tests, n = 13), and language (n = 12, of which 10 were naming tests). Many studies did not report a thorough adaptation procedure (n = 39) or blinding procedures (n = 29).Conclusions:Various formats of memory tests seem suitable for low-educated, non-Western populations. Promising tasks in other cognitive domains are the Stick Design Test, Five Digit Test, and verbal fluency test. Further research is needed regarding cross-cultural instruments measuring executive functioning and language in low-educated people.

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