Modelling stover and grain yields, and subsurface artificial drainage from long-term corn rotations using APSIM

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (No. 10) ◽

pp. 491-497 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Holík Ladislav ◽

Hlisnikovský Lukáš ◽

Kunzová Eva

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Farmyard Manure ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Wheat Grain ◽

Sustainable Food ◽

Grain Yields ◽

Quality Properties

This study evaluated how organic manures and mineral fertilizers affect winter wheat grain and straw yields and grain quality properties. The analysed period of the long-term fertilizer experiment was established in Čáslav, Czech Republic, in 1955 and covers the seasons 2011–2014. The fertilizer treatments were: control; farmyard manure (FYM); FYM + P; FYM + K; FYM + PK; FYM + N1; FYM + N2; FYM + N1PK; FYM + N2PK and FYM + N3PK. The highest grain yields were recorded in the FYM + P and FYM + N3PK treatments (8.9 t/ha). The highest straw yields were recorded in the FYM + N3PK treatment (6.52 t/ha). The lowest yields were provided in the unfertilized control and FYM treatments. Qualitative parameters were evaluated in the control, FYM and FYM + N3PK treatments between the years 2011 and 2013. The best quality of wheat grain was provided by the FYM + N3PK treatment. Combination of the farmyard manure with NPK is the best way to achieve high grain yields with good quality and leads to sustainable food production.

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Contrasting Impacts of Long-Term Application of Biofertilizers and Organic Manure on Grain Yield of Winter Wheat in North China Plain

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9060312 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 312 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Amara Cisse ◽

Adnan Arshad ◽

Xiaofen Wang ◽

Fanta Yattara ◽

Yuegao Hu

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

North China Plain ◽

North China ◽

Farm Yard Manure ◽

Grain Yields ◽

The North ◽

The North China Plain ◽

Pig Farm ◽

1000 Grain Weight

The effects of long-term incorporation of organic manure and biofertilizers have been investigated on winter wheat in the North China Plain (NCP). The five-year field experiment (2013–2018) has illustrated the responses of grain yield and yield components. Seven fertilization approaches, included pig farm-yard-manure and biofertilizers amendments combined with five NPK% drop levels of chemical fertilizer ratio + organic fertilizer + biofertilizer (0, C+O+B) 25%, CL4; 50%, CL3; 75%, CL1; and 100%, CL0), without fertilizer as control (CK), in NCP during the years 2013–2018. Results showed that the grain yields of CL1 and CL2 were equivalent to CL0 in all growing seasons except 2014/2015. The grain yields of CL4 were 29.9% to 46.6% lower than that of CL0 during 2014/2015, 2016/2017, and 2017/2018. The valuable spike-number, grain number per-spike, and 1000-grain weight showed significant variations among different growing periods. Regression analysis of grain yield and yield components indicated that number grains per-spike showed significant increase in seed yield formation. The 1000-grain weight was the major parameter that influenced yield of moderate and low yielding periods, respectively. The results revealed that application of 30 m3 ha−1 pig farm-yard-manure and 20 kg ha−1 biofertilizers has reduced at least 50% of the NPK fertilization without dropping grain yields in the North China Plain.

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Short- and Long-Term Effects of Lime and Gypsum Applications on Acid Soils in a Water-Limited Environment: 1. Grain Yield Response and Nutrient Concentration

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10081213 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1213 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Geoffrey C. Anderson ◽

Shahab Pathan ◽

James Easton ◽

David J. M. Hall ◽

Rajesh Sharma

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Acid Soils ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Yield Response ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Grain Yields ◽

Growing Seasons

Surface (0–10 cm) and subsoil (soil layers below 10 cm) acidity and resulting aluminum (Al) toxicity reduce crop grain yields. In South Western Australia (SWA), these constraints affect 14.2 million hectares or 53% of the agricultural area. Both lime (L, CaCO3) and gypsum (G, CaSO4) application can decrease the toxic effect of Al, leading to an increase in crop grain yields. Within the region, it is unclear if G alone or the combined use of L and G has a role in alleviating soil acidity in SWA, due to low sulfate S (SO4–S) sorption properties of the soil. We present results from three experiments located in the eastern wheatbelt of SWA, which examined the short-term (ST, 2 growing seasons), medium-term (MT, 3 growing seasons), and long-term (LT, 7 growing seasons over 10 years) effects of L and G on grain yield and plant nutrient concentrations. Despite the rapid leaching of SO4–S and no self-liming impact, it was profitable to apply G, due to the significant ST grain yield responses. The grain yield response to G developed even following relatively dry years, but declined over time due to SO4–S leaching. At the LT experimental site had received no previous L application, whereas, at the ST and MT sites, L had been applied by the grower over the previous 5–10 years. For the LT site, the most profitable treatment for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield, was the combined application of 4 t L ha−1 with 2 t G ha−1. At this site, the 0–10 cm soil pHCaCl2 was 4.6, and AlCaCl2 was greater than 2.5 mg kg−1 in the 10–30 cm soil layer. In contrast, at the ST and MT sites, the pHCaCl2 of 0–10 cm soil layer was ≥5.5; it was only profitable to apply G to the MT site where the soil compaction constraint had been removed by deep ripping. The use of L increases soil pHCaCl2, resulting in the improved availability of anions, phosphorus (P) in the LT and molybdenum (Mo) at all sampling times, but reduced availability of cations zinc (Zn) in the LT and manganese (Mn) at all sampling. The application of G reduced Mo concentrations, due to the high SO4–S content of the soil.

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Soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and grain yields under long-term fertilizations in the upland red soil of southern China

Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems ◽

10.1007/s10705-008-9226-7 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 84 (1) ◽

pp. 59-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 77

Author(s):

Wenju Zhang ◽

Minggang Xu ◽

Boren Wang ◽

Xiujun Wang

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Total Nitrogen ◽

Southern China ◽

Red Soil ◽

Grain Yields

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Impact of long-term phosphorous fertilization on Olsen-P and grain yields in maize–wheat cropping sequence

Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems ◽

10.1007/s10705-016-9796-8 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 106 (2) ◽

pp. 157-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jagdeep Singh ◽

Babu S. Brar ◽

Bharpoor S. Sekhon ◽

Manpreet S. Mavi ◽

Gurbir Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yields ◽

Olsen P ◽

Cropping Sequence

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Institutional reforms and reformers during the Warring States Period

The Oxford Handbook of Early China ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199328369.013.28 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 614-622

Author(s):

Yuri Pines

Keyword(s):

Social System ◽

The State ◽

Warring States Period ◽

Institutional Reforms ◽

Grain Yields ◽

Warring States ◽

Material Resources ◽

Economic Advancement

This chapter explores the transformation of the Warring States–period polities from loose aristocratic entities into centralized bureaucratic states. It focuses primarily on the reforms in the state of Qin associated with Shang Yang and his followers. The reforms resulted in the formation of an assertive agro-managerial state, able to mobilize its population to agriculture and warfare. Shang Yang overhauled Qin’s social system, replacing the pedigree-based order with the system of the ranks of merit, which allowed sociopolitical and economic advancement to individuals who excelled on the battlefield or in increasing their grain yields. The accompanying centralization and profound bureaucratization of Qin’s society had dramatically improved the state’s control over its human and material resources. The newly emerging assertive and all-reaching state allowed Qin to successfully subjugate its rivals. In the long term, however, an excessively activist state proved to be a liability once imperial unification was achieved.

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