scholarly journals The effect of mineral fertilizers and farmyard manure on winter wheat grain yield and grain quality

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 491-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holík Ladislav ◽  
Hlisnikovský Lukáš ◽  
Kunzová Eva

This study evaluated how organic manures and mineral fertilizers affect winter wheat grain and straw yields and grain quality properties. The analysed period of the long-term fertilizer experiment was established in Čáslav, Czech Republic, in 1955 and covers the seasons 2011–2014. The fertilizer treatments were: control; farmyard manure (FYM); FYM + P; FYM + K; FYM + PK; FYM + N<sub>1</sub>; FYM + N<sub>2</sub>; FYM + N<sub>1</sub>PK; FYM + N<sub>2</sub>PK and FYM + N<sub>3</sub>PK. The highest grain yields were recorded in the FYM + P and FYM + N<sub>3</sub>PK treatments (8.9 t/ha). The highest straw yields were recorded in the FYM + N<sub>3</sub>PK treatment (6.52 t/ha). The lowest yields were provided in the unfertilized control and FYM treatments. Qualitative parameters were evaluated in the control, FYM and FYM + N<sub>3</sub>PK treatments between the years 2011 and 2013. The best quality of wheat grain was provided by the FYM + N<sub>3</sub>PK treatment. Combination of the farmyard manure with NPK is the best way to achieve high grain yields with good quality and leads to sustainable food production.

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Gulyanov ◽  
A. A. Chibilyov ◽  
A. A. Chibilyov Jr.

Aim. Verification of scientific concepts regarding the spatial heterogeneity of field agrocenoses. Identification of the variability of phytometric and structural crop ndicators and determination of the degree of their influence on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain in the steppe zone of the Orenburg Urals.Material and Methods. Establishment of field experiments, related observations and counts in accordance with the methodology of state variety crops testing and B.A.Dospekhov's guidelin. Monitoring of winter wheat crops was carried by measuring the vegetation index (NDVI) with a Green Seeker Handheld Crop Sensor, Model HCS‐100 (Trimble, USA). Determination of grain quality indicators was conducted according to GOST 9353‐2016 Wheat – Technical Conditions. Microsoft Office Excel was employed for the correlation and regression analysis of experimental data. Results. Analysis of the intra‐field heterogeneity of winter wheat agrocenoses in terms of yield and grain quality was conducted. The dependences of yield and grain quality on the principal crop phytometric and structural parameters were defined and expressed in the form of regression equations.Сonclusion. The results of the studies attest to the growth of reserves of grain yield to 3.0 t/ha and grain quality to class I‐II class in zonal climatic conditions of optimization of environmental factors to the level of the best basic plots by levelling out field soil heterogeneity. This is possible by restoring the fertility of anthropogenically‐degraded soil through the introduction of landscape‐adaptive and resource saving farming systems, soil protective and soil restorative crop rotation, differentiated application of organic and mineral fertilizers and selection of the most adaptive varieties. We also advise the introduction of intelligent ‘digital technologies’ aimed at fuller implementation of the genetic potential of cultivated varieties with careful consideration of natural resources and the preservation of biological diversity.


2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Ерицян ◽  
Sergey Eritsyan ◽  
Фарсиян ◽  
Narine Farsiyan

The purpose of research is to identify the influence of the fertilizers aftereffect and ameliorator for yield formation and quality of winter wheat grain Bezostaya 1after predecessor (potatoes) in the unirrigated soils of the Askeran region of NKR in 2011-2014. It should be noted that the winter wheat in the region is an advanced crop, but due to lack of irrigation water and the lack of rainfall is often collected by low yields. Research has established that the aftereffect of fertilizers and meliorants noticeable effect for growth, grain quality and yield formation, the amount of which depends from the application of the system of fertilizer. It is proved that more weak effect preserved when under a precursor have been made only mineral fertilizers (N90P90K90), where as potassium fertilizer was used potash (N90P90K90 option), and when on the same background was used gypsum or bentonite. If in the system N90P90K90 fertilizer (KCl) instead of KCl was used treated dacitic tuff (OTD) or on the same MM backdrop bio-fertilizer, as well as an option manure 30 t/ha + N90P90K90 (KCl), the consequence was significant. In these embodiments, the yield increase compared to control 1 (no fertilizer) was 30.2-57.2%, as compared to the control 2 (N90P90K90 option (KCl) – 10.8-30.6%. In these embodiments, the content of NPK was high in the grain: 1.90-2.15% N; 0.93-0.97% P2O5 and 0.77-0.85% K2O, whereas in the control 1 1.78% nitrogen, phosphorus – 0.69%, 0.53% potassium, and in control 2, accordingly – 1.80%, 0.81%, 0.65%.


2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 38-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madaras Mikuláš ◽  
Mayerová Markéta ◽  
Kumhálová Jitka ◽  
Lipavský Jan

The influence of mineral fertilisers, liming, farmyard manure and sowing rate on the winter wheat grain yields was studied in a long-term field experiment at 4 sites under different soil and climatic conditions in the Czech Republic. A total of 135 partial fraction-factorial experiments were performed between 1980 and 2013 and evaluated using a statistical model with linear and quadratic terms for each factor. Yield trends demonstrated remarkable influence of fertilisation at two sites of lower starting productivity. Here, grain yields increased by 50% and 25% since the trial commencement, while the rate of yield increase was low at more productive sites. Yields were the most frequently influenced by nitrogen (N) fertilisation, uniformly at all sites. N response curves were strongly curvilinear, but these differed between sites and were affected by preceding crops. The relative frequency of statistically significant influences decreased in the following order: N (significant at α &lt; 0.05 in 89% of all partial trials) &gt; sowing rate (29%) &gt; phosphorus (22%) &gt; farmyard manure (15%) &gt; potassium (12%) &gt; liming (8%). This order and the frequencies of these influences are discussed with regard to relevant site and soil conditions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 207 (04) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Valeriy Burluckiy ◽  
Polina Semeshkina ◽  
Vladimir Mazurov

Abstract. The goal is to study the influence of the predecessor and fertilizers on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain. Methods. The studies were carried out in a long-term stationary field experiment on a gray forest medium loamy soil. Field experience, observations, accounting and generalization of research results were carried out in accordance with the methodological recommendations of B.A. Dospekhov. Statistical processing of the research results was performed using Microsoft Excel 2007 with a 95 % significance level of the results. Results. As a result of the studies, it was noted that the studied predecessors had an insignificant effect on the development of winter wheat plants in the initial phases of growth. The density of winter wheat plants during the germination period varied within the range of 314–323 psc/m2 without the use of fertilizers and 317–328 psc/m2 against the background of their application. Further growth and development of plants took place in close relationship with the studied factors. At the end of the growing season, the number of productive stems was higher on the plots, where the clover of the first year of use was used as a predecessor, both in the control (without fertilizers) and when applying mineral fertilizers. Accordingly, the yield of winter wheat grain was higher for this predecessor, averaging 35.7 c/ha for 2014–2019. Without fertilization, depending on the predecessor, 25.2–32.8 c/ha were obtained, against the background of fertilization – 34.2–39.6 c/ha of winter wheat grain. On average, over the years of research, winter wheat grain contained 10.7–14.0 % protein. Depending on the year, this indicator varied from 8.8 % to 16.8 %. At the same time, the lowest values for the protein content were obtained for the variants without the use of fertilizers. In general, the content of protein and gluten in winter wheat grain largely depended on the application of mineral fertilizers and to a small extent on the predecessor. The weight of 1000 grains, depending on these factors, changed insignificantly.


Author(s):  
V. D. Orekhivskyi ◽  
◽  
A. I. Kryvenko ◽  
S. V. Pochkolina ◽  
◽  
...  

The article investigates the influence of the application of different systems of basic tillage on the quality of winter wheat grain in short crop rotations of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. It is established that the grain quality of winter wheat in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine is mainly determined by the genetic characteristics of the variety, but also largely depends on the conditions and technologies of cultivation. In winter wheat grain, which is used for food purposes, reserve proteins are important, which in winter wheat determine the baking properties of flour. In drought conditions, when the yield of winter wheat decreases, the protein content in its grain tends to increase. In wet years, on the contrary, there is a reverse pattern. According to experimental studies, wheat varieties have a negative correlation between grain protein content and yield. It is established that during 2016–2020 research shows almost the same pattern of action of different predecessors and systems of basic tillage on the formation of grain quality of winter wheat in arid conditions. It was found that, on average, according to all variants of research, only with the use of the system of tillage-free tillage received grain of winter wheat with a protein content of 12,5%, which met the requirements of the 2nd class. It is recorded that on average over five years of research on all tillage systems, grain of winter wheat with gluten content was obtained, the quality of which corresponded to the 3rd class. Different tillage systems caused a slight impact on the gluten content, which ranged from 20,6% to 21,1%. It is determined that the precursors have a certain effect on the protein content in the grain of winter wheat. The analysis of qualitative indicators showed that on average in five years of research, when growing winter wheat after a pair of black and a pair of green wheat with winter vetch, grain was formed, which in terms of protein content corresponded to the 2nd quality class. More protein was accumulated in winter wheat grain after a pair of black, which was 12,9%. After peas for grain, as well as a pair of green with a mixture of white mustard and peas, received a grain of winter wheat, which was the 3rd quality class. It was found that on average in five years of research, all variants of winter wheat were grown with gluten content, which met the requirements of the 3rd class. Black vapor and green vapor with winter veneer caused the accumulation of gluten at almost the same level with a small increase in the version with winter vetch up to 21,8%. The lowest level of gluten was obtained in the grain of winter wheat after peas per grain, which was 19,7%. In all variants of the experiment, sidereal steam with winter tillage and the use of tillage-free tillage had the best effect on the growth of winter wheat grain quality indicators. The grain of winter wheat was mainly formed in terms of quality, which allows it to be used for food purposes – mainly in the flour-milling and baking industries, as well as for export. It is established that it is important to further study the quality of winter wheat grain and other cereals in short crop rotations of the arid Southern Steppe of Ukraine, especially in climate change.


Author(s):  
L.A. Chaikovskaya ◽  
◽  
V.V. Klyuchenko ◽  
M.I. Baranskaya ◽  
O.L. Ovsienko ◽  
...  

The use of biological products based on effective strains of microorganisms with a range of useful properties is one of the aspects of biological farming. The long-term field experiments were conducted in the soil and climatic conditions of the Crimea. А positive effect of the combined use of mineral fertilizers (NPK calculated at P30) and pre-sown inoculation of seeds (biopreparation based on L. nimipressuralis CCM 32-3) on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain was shown. The increase in grain productivity of winter wheat by 31 % compared to control (on average for 3 years) and grain quality indicators: protein and gluten – up to 12.5% and 28.0 % (in the control 9.9% and 19.2%, respectively) was revealed.


2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 536-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Kozlovský ◽  
J. Balík ◽  
J. Černý ◽  
M. Kulhánek ◽  
M. Kos ◽  
...  

The CULTAN (Controlled Uptake Long Term Ammonium Nutrition) system is based on one-time injection of the whole dose of nitrogen required for the vegetation period. The effect of this method on yield and grain quality of winter wheat was observed in a 2-year small-plot trial at 4 different experimental sites in the Czech Republic. The experiment comprised two treatments with the total amount of nitrogen applied during fertilization of 150 kg N/ha. At the CULTAN treatment the whole dose was applied all at once using the GFI 3A injection machine (Maschinen und Antriebstechnik GmbH Güstrow), whereas at the control treatment, the dose was divided into three applications. The average grain yield of winter wheat in 2007 was 9.56 t/ha (control) and 8.78 t/ha (CULTAN); in 2008 it was 9.91 t/ha (control) and 9.63 t/ha (CULTAN). The differences in 2008 were not statistically significant. The contents of nitrogen and gluten were significantly lower at CULTAN treatment in both years. The values of falling number, Zeleny test and bulk density were generally similar at both treatments.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (24) ◽  
pp. 183-194
Author(s):  
N.N. Shapovalova ◽  
◽  
A.A. Voropaeva ◽  
N.A. Galushko ◽  
E.A. Menkina ◽  
...  

The problem of reducing crop yields during the transition from classical technology of cultivation to the technology without tillage (no-till) can be solved by the most effective use of fertilizers. The purpose of the research was to study the influence of mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain under direct sowing in the Stavropol Territory. Studies were carried out in 2015-2019 on the experimental field of the North Caucasus Federal Agricultural Research Centre. Winter wheat was sown using two cultivation techniques for growing crops with and without disturbing the soil through tillage. Preceding crops – pea and sunflower. Fertilizers were added to the rows simultaneously with the Triticum vulgare L. sowing; topsoil dressing was carried out using N52 according to the method of splitting dividers. Options (amount of fertilizers added to the rows): 1. Without fertilizers; 2. N6Р26; 3. N12Р52; 4. N24Р104; 5. N52Р52; 6. N52Р52К52; 7. N52; 8. N104Р52К52. In the third year of direct sowing (2017–2019), winter wheat showed high responsiveness to the addition of all doses of fertilizers in rows. The yield increase in case of pea being preceding crop varied between 0.76-3.06 t/ha; sunflower – 0.51–2.75 t/ha. N104P52K5 contributed to the highest and most stable yield – 6.89 t/ha and 5.92 t/ha after pea and sunflower, respectively. The increase from 1 kg of the active substance of the fertilizer was 14.7 and 13.2 kg of grain. The use of this dose of fertilizer minimized crop losses compared to the first year of wheat cultivation using no-till farming and classical agricultural technique. At the same time, the 3rd and 4th class grain was formed. Higher content of raw gluten compared to other doses of fertilizers was noted likewise: 1.6–9.8 % (preceding crop – pea) and 1.1–11.5 % (preceding crop – sunflower) more. Nitrogen fertilization played a significant role in increasing yields only after sunflower (the average increase was 0.21–0.86 t/ha).


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