Temporal Trends in Undervaccination: A Population-Based Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew F. Daley ◽  
Liza M. Reifler ◽  
Jo Ann Shoup ◽  
Komal J. Narwaney ◽  
Elyse O. Kharbanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Population Based

scholarly journals Temporal Trends in Surgical Resection Rates and Biologic Prescribing in Crohn’s Disease: A Population-based Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 1241-1247
Author(s):  
P W Jenkinson ◽  
N Plevris ◽  
S Siakavellas ◽  
M Lyons ◽  
I D Arnott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Biologic Therapy ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cumulative Probability ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background The use of biologic therapy for Crohn’s disease [CD] continues to evolve, however, the effect of this on the requirement for surgery remains unclear. We assessed changes in biologic prescription and surgery over time in a population-based cohort. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of all 1753 patients diagnosed with CD in Lothian, Scotland, between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2017, reviewing the electronic health record of each patient to identify all CD-related surgery and biologic prescription. Cumulative probability and hazard ratios for surgery and biologic prescription from diagnosis were calculated and compared using the log-rank test and Cox regression analysis stratified by year of diagnosis into cohorts. Results The 5-year cumulative risk of surgery was 20.4% in cohort 1 [2000–2004],18.3% in cohort 2 [2005–2008], 14.7% in cohort 3 [2009–2013], and 13.0% in cohort 4 [2014–2017] p <0.001. The 5-year cumulative risk of biologic prescription was 5.7% in cohort 1, 12.2% in cohort 2, 22.0% in cohort 3, and 44.9% in cohort 4 p <0.001. Conclusions The increased and earlier use of biologic therapy in CD patients corresponded with a decreasing requirement for surgery over time within our cohort. This could mean that adopting a top-down or accelerated step-up treatment strategy may be effective at reducing the requirement for surgery in newly diagnosed CD.

scholarly journals Incidence rates and temporal trends of cervical cancer relating to opportunistic screening in two developed metropolitan regions of Brazil: a population-based cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-328
Author(s):  
Júlio César Teixeira ◽  
Carlos Afonso Maestri ◽  
Helymar da Costa Machado ◽  
Luiz Carlos Zeferino ◽  
Newton Sérgio de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Opportunistic Screening ◽  
Metropolitan Regions

scholarly journals Sex-specific temporal trends in ambulatory heart failure incidence, mortality and hospitalisation in Ontario, Canada from 1994 to 2013: a population-based cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e044126
Author(s):  
Louise Y Sun ◽  
Lisa M Mielniczuk ◽  
Peter P Liu ◽  
Rob S Beanlands ◽  
Sharon Chih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
New Diagnosis

ObjectivesTo examine the temporal trends in mortality and heart failure (HF) hospitalisation in ambulatory patients following a new diagnosis of HF.DesignRetrospective cohort studySettingOutpatientParticipantsOntario residents who were diagnosed with HF in an outpatient setting between 1994 and 2013.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was all-cause mortality within 1 year of diagnosis and the secondary outcome was HF hospitalisation within 1 year. Risks of mortality and hospitalisation were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and the relative hazard of death was assessed using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsA total of 352 329 patients were studied (50% female). During the study period, there was a greater decline in age standardised 1-year mortality rates (AMR) in men (33%) than in women (19%). Specifically, female AMR at 1 year was 10.4% (95% CI 9.1% to 12.0%) in 1994 and 8.5% (95% CI 7.5% to 9.5%) in 2013, and male AMR at 1 year was 12.3% (95% CI 11.1% to 13.7%) in 1994 and 8.3% (95% CI 7.5% to 9.1%) in 2013. Conversely, age standardised HF hospitalisation rates declined in men (11.4% (95% CI 10.1% to 12.9%) in 1994 and 9.1% (95% CI 8.2% to 10.1%) in 2013) but remained unchanged in women (9.7% (95% CI 8.3% to 11.3%) in 1994 and 9.8% (95% CI 8.6% to 11.0%) in 2013).ConclusionAmong patients with HF over a 20-year period, there was a greater improvement in the prognosis of men compared with women. Further research should focus on the determinants of this disparity and ways to reduce this gap in outcomes.

scholarly journals Incidence and Temporal Trends of Primary Immunodeficiency: A Population-Based Cohort Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avni Y. Joshi ◽  
Vivek N. Iyer ◽  
John B. Hagan ◽  
Jennifer L. St. Sauver ◽  
Thomas G. Boyce
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Primary Immunodeficiency ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Population Based

scholarly journals Simultaneous temporal trends in dementia incidence and prevalence, 2005–2013: a population-based retrospective cohort study in Saskatchewan, Canada

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1643-1658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie G. Kosteniuk ◽  
Debra G. Morgan ◽  
Megan E. O'Connell ◽  
Andrew Kirk ◽  
Margaret Crossley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Dementia Incidence ◽  
Administrative Health Databases ◽  
Incident Cases

ABSTRACTBackground:Original studies published over the last decade regarding time trends in dementia report mixed results. The aims of the present study were to use linked administrative health data for the province of Saskatchewan for the period 2005/2006 to 2012/2013 to: (1) examine simultaneous temporal trends in annual age- and sex-specific dementia incidence and prevalence among individuals aged 45 and older, and (2) stratify the changes in incidence over time by database of identification.Methods:Using a population-based retrospective cohort study design, data were extracted from seven provincial administrative health databases linked by a unique anonymized identification number. Individuals 45 years and older at first identification of dementia between April 1, 2005 and March 31, 2013 were included, based on case definition criteria met within any one of four administrative health databases (hospital, physician, prescription drug, and long-term care).Results:Between 2005/2006 and 2012/2013, the 12-month age-standardized incidence rate of dementia declined significantly by 11.07% and the 12-month age-standardized prevalence increased significantly by 30.54%. The number of incident cases decreased from 3,389 to 3,270 and the number of prevalent cases increased from 8,795 to 13,012. Incidence rate reductions were observed in every database of identification.Conclusions:We observed a simultaneous trend of decreasing incidence and increasing prevalence of dementia over a relatively short 8-year time period from 2005/2006 to 2012/2013. These trends indicate that the average survival time of dementia is lengthening. Continued observation of these time trends is warranted given the short study period.

scholarly journals Incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in UK primary care: a population-based cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e036584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Joshua Pasvol ◽  
Laura Horsfall ◽  
Stuart Bloom ◽  
Anthony Walter Segal ◽  
Caroline Sabin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Primary Care Patients ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Incident Cases

ObjectivesWe describe temporal trends in the recorded incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in UK primary care patients between 2000 and 2018.DesignA cohort study.SettingThe IQVIA Medical Research data (IMRD) primary care database.ParticipantsAll individuals registered with general practices contributing to IMRD during the period 01 January 2000–31 December 2018.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the recorded diagnosis of IBD.Results11 325 025 individuals were included and 65 700 IBD cases were identified, of which 22 560 were incident diagnoses made during the study period. Overall, there were 8077 incident cases of Crohn’s disease (CD) and 12 369 incident cases of ulcerative colitis (UC). Crude incidence estimates of ‘IBD overall’, CD and UC were 28.6 (28.2 to 28.9), 10.2 (10.0 to 10.5) and 15.7 (15.4 to 15.9)/100 000 person years, respectively. No change in IBD incidence was observed for adults aged 17–40 years and children aged 0–9 years. However, for adults aged over 40 years, incidence fell from 37.8 (34.5 to 41.4) to 23.6 (21.3 to 26.0)/100 000 person years (average decrease 2.3% (1.9 to 2.7)/year (p<0.0001)). In adolescents aged 10–16 years, incidence rose from 13.1 (8.4 to 19.5) to 25.4 (19.5 to 32.4)/100 000 person years (average increase 3.0% (1.7 to 4.3)/year (p<0.0001)). Point prevalence estimates on 31 December 2018 for IBD overall, CD and UC were 725, 276 and 397 per 100 000 people, respectively.ConclusionsThis is one of the largest studies ever undertaken to investigate trends in IBD epidemiology. Although we observed stable or falling incidence of IBD in adults, our results are consistent with some of the highest reported global incidence and prevalence rates for IBD, with a 94% rise in incidence in adolescents. Further investigation is required to understand the aetiological drivers.

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