Usefulness of Genetic Polymorphisms and Conventional Risk Factors to Predict Coronary Heart Disease in Patients With Familial Hypercholesterolemia

<a>Objective:</a> To study whether serum galectin-3 and other biomarkers of inflammation predict coronary heart disease (CHD) in subjects with longstanding childhood-onset type 1 diabetes. Research, design and methods: A population-based nation-wide cohort of 299 subjects with type 1 diabetes diagnosed in Norway at age <15 years during 1973-1982. They were examined in 2002-2003 at mean age of 33 years (range 21-44), with mean diabetes duration of 24 years (range 19-30). Subjects were followed through December 31, 2017 for their first CHD event registered by a hospitalization or cause of death using nation-wide registries. Stored serum samples were available for 296 subjects and analyzed for interleukin (IL)-6, IL-6 receptor, IL-18, high sensitivity-C-reactive protein, matrix metalloproteinases-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, galectin-3 and high sensitivity troponin T (hs-TNT). Adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for CHD per standard deviation increase in biomarker were estimated using Cox regression. Results: Of 295 subjects, 40 (13.6%) had documented CHD event during mean follow-up of 14.4 years (range 0.5 - 16). IL-6 (aHR 1.32, 95% CI: 1.07 – 1.63), galectin-3 (aHR 1.44, 95% CI: 1.09 – 1.80) and TIMP-1 (aHR 1.37, 95% CI 1.04 – 1.81) were significant predictors of CHD after adjustment for conventional risk factors. Conclusion: Galectin-3 was significantly associated with future CHD in subjects with type 1 diabetes, and if the results are replicated in larger studies it may aid in prediction together with conventional risk factors for CHD.

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Hyperhomocysteinemia as an Independent Risk Factor for Coronary Heart Disease. Comparison with Conventional Risk Factors

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/1519-6984.249104 ◽

2023 ◽

Vol 83 ◽

Author(s):

R. Muzaffar ◽

M. A. Khan ◽

M. H. Mushtaq ◽

M. Nasir ◽

A. Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Independent Risk Factor ◽

Plasma Homocysteine ◽

History Of ◽

The Mean ◽

Conventional Risk Factors

Abstract The present study was designed to evaluate the strength of association of raised plasma homocysteine concentration as a risk factor for coronary heart disease independent of conventional risk factor. It was a case control study conducted at Punjab Institute of Cardiology Lahore. A total of 210 subjects aged 25 to 60 years comprising of 105 newly admitted patients of CHD as cases and 105 age and sex matched healthy individuals with no history of CHD as control were recruited for the study. Fasting blood samples were obtained from cases and controls. Plasma homocysteine was analyzed by fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) method on automated immunoassay analyzer (Abbott IMX). Total cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL cholesterol were analyzed using calorimetric kit methods. The concentration of LDL cholesterol was calculated using Friedewald formula. The patients were also assessed for traditional risk factors such as age, sex, family history of CVD, hypertension, smoking and physical activity, and were compared with control subjects. The collected data was entered in SPSS version 24 for analysis and interpretation.The mean age in controls and experimental groups were 43.00± 8.42 years and 44.72± 8.59 years with statistically same distribution (p- value= 0.144). The mean plasma homocysteine for cases was 22.33± 9.22 µmol/L where as it was 12.59±3.73 µmol/L in control group. Highly significant difference was seen between the mean plasma level of homocysteine in cases and controls (p˂0.001).Simple logistic regression indicates a strong association of coronary heart disease with hyperhomocysteinemia (OR 7.45), which remained significantly associated with coronary heart disease by multivariate logistic regression (OR 7.10, 95%C1 3.12-12.83, p=0.000). The present study concludes that elevated levels of Plasma homocysteine is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease independent of conventional risk factors and can be used as an indicator for predicting the future possibility for the onset of CVD.

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