The occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes in drug resistant Bacteroides fragilis isolates from Groote Schuur Hospital, South Africa

Anaerobe ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Meggersee ◽  
Valerie Abratt
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacteroides Fragilis ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Drug Resistant

scholarly journals Wastewater-Based Surveillance of Antibiotic Resistance Genes Associated with Tuberculosis Treatment Regimen in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1362
Author(s):  
Hlengiwe N. Mtetwa ◽  
Isaac D. Amoah ◽  
Sheena Kumari ◽  
Faizal Bux ◽  
Poovendhree Reddy
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Essential Components

Essential components of public health include strengthening the surveillance of infectious diseases and developing early detection and prevention policies. This is particularly important for drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB), which can be explored by using wastewater-based surveillance. This study aimed to use molecular techniques to determine the occurrence and concentration of antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) associated with tuberculosis (TB) resistance in untreated and treated wastewater. Raw/untreated and treated (post-chlorination) wastewater samples were taken from three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in South Africa. The ARGs were selected to target drugs used for first- and second-line TB treatment. Both conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the more advanced droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) were evaluated as surveillance strategies to determine the distribution and concentration of the selected ARGs. The most abundant ARG in the untreated wastewater was the rrs gene, associated with resistance to the aminoglycosides, specifically streptomycin, with median concentration ranges of 4.69–5.19 log copies/mL. In contrast, pncA gene, associated with resistance to the TB drug pyrazinamide, was the least detected (1.59 to 2.27 log copies/mL). Resistance genes associated with bedaquiline was detected, which is a significant finding because this is a new drug introduced in South Africa for the treatment of multi-drug resistant TB. This study, therefore, establishes the potential of molecular surveillance of wastewater for monitoring antibiotic resistance to TB treatment in communities.

The prevalence of enterotoxin and antibiotic resistance genes in clinical and intestinal Bacteroides fragilis group isolates in Turkey

Anaerobe ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 72-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achille Aime Kangaba ◽  
Filiz Yarimcam Saglam ◽  
Hrisi Bahar Tokman ◽  
Mert Torun ◽  
Muzeyyen Mamal Torun
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacteroides Fragilis ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacteroides Fragilis Group

Occurrence of enterococci harbouring clinically important antibiotic resistance genes in the aquatic environment in Gauteng, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 1041-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thabo Hamiwe ◽  
Marleen M. Kock ◽  
Cliff A. Magwira ◽  
John F. Antiabong ◽  
Marthie M. Ehlers
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes

scholarly journals DNA microarray analysis of Staphylococcus aureus from Nigeria and South Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adebayo O. Shittu ◽  
Tomiwa Adesoji ◽  
Edet E. Udo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Dna Microarray ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Mercury Resistance ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Global Epidemiology

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen with an arsenal of virulence factors and a propensity to acquire antibiotic resistance genes. The understanding of the global epidemiology of S. aureus through the use of various typing methods is important in the detection and tracking of novel and epidemic clones in countries and regions. However, detailed information on antibiotic resistance and virulence genes of S. aureus, and its population structure is still limited in Africa. In this study, S. aureus isolates collected in South Africa (n=38) and Nigeria (n=2) from 2001-2004 were characterized using DNA microarray. The combination of spa typing and DNA microarray classified the isolates into seven spa types and three clonal complexes (CCs) i.e. t064-CC8 (n=17), t037-CC8 (n=8), t1257-CC8 (n=6), t045-CC5 (n=5), t951-CC8 (n=1), t2723-CC88 (n=1), t6238-CC8 (n=1), and untypeable-CC8 (n=1). There was excellent agreement (only two discordant results) between antibiotic susceptibility testing and the detection of the corresponding resistance genes by DNA microarray. Antibiotic and virulence gene markers were associated with specific clones. The detection of the collagen-binding adhesion (cna) gene was unique for t037-CC8-MRSA, the enterotoxin gene cluster (egc) and staphylococcal complement inhibitor (scn) gene for t045-CC5-MRSA, and the combination of genes encoding enterotoxin (entA, entB, entK, entQ) were noted with most of the CC8 isolates. The t045-CC5-MRSA clone was positive for the mercury resistance (mer) operon. DNA microarray assay provides information on antibiotic resistance and virulence gene determinants and can be a useful tool to identify gene markers of specific S. aureus clones in Africa.

scholarly journals Whole Genome Sequencing of Extended-Spectrum- and AmpC- β-Lactamase-Positive Enterobacterales Isolated From Spinach Production in Gauteng Province, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loandi Richter ◽  
Erika M. du Plessis ◽  
Stacey Duvenage ◽  
Mushal Allam ◽  
Arshad Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Encoding Gene

The increasing occurrence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) extended-spectrum β-lactamase- (ESBL) and/or AmpC β-lactamase- (AmpC) producing Enterobacterales in irrigation water and associated irrigated fresh produce represents risks related to the environment, food safety, and public health. In South Africa, information about the presence of ESBL/AmpC-producing Enterobacterales from non-clinical sources is limited, particularly in the water–plant-food interface. This study aimed to characterize 19 selected MDR ESBL/AmpC-producing Escherichia coli (n=3), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=5), Serratia fonticola (n=10), and Salmonella enterica (n=1) isolates from spinach and associated irrigation water samples from two commercial spinach production systems within South Africa, using whole genome sequencing (WGS). Antibiotic resistance genes potentially encoding resistance to eight different classes were present, with blaCTX-M-15 being the dominant ESBL encoding gene and blaACT-types being the dominant AmpC encoding gene detected. A greater number of resistance genes across more antibiotic classes were seen in all the K. pneumoniae strains, compared to the other genera tested. From one farm, blaCTX-M-15-positive K. pneumoniae strains of the same sequence type 985 (ST 985) were present in spinach at harvest and retail samples after processing, suggesting successful persistence of these MDR strains. In addition, ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae ST15, an emerging high-risk clone causing nosocomical outbreaks worldwide, was isolated from irrigation water. Known resistance plasmid replicon types of Enterobacterales including IncFIB, IncFIA, IncFII, IncB/O, and IncHI1B were observed in all strains following analysis with PlasmidFinder. However, blaCTX-M-15 was the only β-lactamase resistance gene associated with plasmids (IncFII and IncFIB) in K. pneumoniae (n=4) strains. In one E. coli and five K. pneumoniae strains, integron In191 was observed. Relevant similarities to human pathogens were predicted with PathogenFinder for all 19 strains, with a confidence of 0.635–0.721 in S. fonticola, 0.852–0.931 in E. coli, 0.796–0.899 in K. pneumoniae, and 0.939 in the S. enterica strain. The presence of MDR ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. fonticola, and S. enterica with similarities to human pathogens in the agricultural production systems reflects environmental and food contamination mediated by anthropogenic activities, contributing to the spread of antibiotic resistance genes.

scholarly journals The occurrence of specific markers of Bacteroides fragilis group, B. dorei and antibiotic-resistance genes in the wastewater treatment plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00124
Author(s):  
Sebastian Niestępski ◽  
Monika Harnisz ◽  
Ewa Korzeniewska ◽  
Adriana Osińska
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Bacteroides Fragilis ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Wastewater Samples

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are one of the main transmission sources of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic-resistance genes in the natural environment. In this study, the presence of specific markers of Bacteroides fragilis group (BFG), B. dorei and genes encoding resistance to beta-lactams (cepA, cfxA), tetracyclines (tet(Q)), macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins (MLS) mechanism (ermF, linA) was analyzed by standard PCR in the inflows and outflows from three wastewater treatment plants with the activated sludge process. Genetic material was isolated from wastewater samples with the use of two commercial kits for genomic DNA extraction, the Fast DNA SPIN Kit for Soil and the Genomic Micro AX Bacteria Gravity Kit. The quality of the isolated genetic material differed between the tested isolation kits. The Fast DNA SPIN Kit for Soil was more effective in detecting cfxA, ermF and linA genes. However, both extraction kits effectively identified tet(Q), bfr and HF183/BacR287 genes in all wastewater samples. The results of the study indicate that genes specific to BFG and B. dorei, and genes encoding resistance to MLS and tetracyclines are not completely eliminated during the wastewater treatment process.

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