Impacts of rumen fluid modified by feeding Yucca schidigera to lactating dairy cows on in vitro gas production of 11 common dairy feedstuffs, as well as animal performance

Newborn calves were fed one of four different roughages (timothy hay, alfalfa hay, grass silage or two parts grass silage mixed with one part alfalfa hay) and a starter ration to a maximum of 2000 g d−1 beginning at 10 d of age along with whole milk to weaning at 28 d of age to measure the effect of forage type and method of conservation on voluntary intake and animal performance up to 112 d of age. Rumen fluid was sampled to determine whether the type of forage had a measureable effect on some gross parameters associated with rumen development. Forage dry matter became a larger proportion of total feed consumed as the animals became older. Overall alfalfa hay and silage:alfalfa mixture were consumed more than timothy hay (P < 0.01). Calves fed silage:alfalfa grew more rapidly than those fed timothy (P < 0.01). These differences were attributable to differences in forage protein and plant cell wall material. The differences in rumen fluid volatile fatty acid composition, pH, or in vitro gas production were found for treatments in only two sampling periods. In the 3rd period, gas production was more rapid from alfalfa hay than from silage (P < 0.05) and in the 4th period, pH was greater for alfalfa hay than timothy hay (P < 0.05). Rumen pH increased in the 3rd and 4th periods (P < 0.01). The acetate:propionate ratio increased over time when the propionate values decreased from the 2nd to the 3rd period (P < 0.01) and acetate values increased from the 3rd to the 4th period (P < 0.01). Silage was equal to hay in terms of consumption, animal performance and those rumen fluid parameters examined and can be fed to young calves without any anticipated problems. Key words: Silage, hay, rumen, development, methane, calves

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Voluntary intake of silages in dairy cows depending on chemical composition and in vitro gas production characteristics

Livestock Science ◽

10.1016/j.livsci.2006.06.013 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 106 (1) ◽

pp. 47-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

M. Hetta ◽

J.W. Cone ◽

G. Bernes ◽

A.-M. Gustavsson ◽

K. Martinsson

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Gas Production ◽

In Vitro Gas Production ◽

Voluntary Intake ◽

Production Characteristics

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Effect of preservation on fermentative activity of rumen fluid inoculum for in vitro gas production techniques

Animal Feed Science and Technology ◽

10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.05.004 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 123-124 ◽

pp. 107-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Gonzalo Hervás ◽

Pilar Frutos ◽

F. Javier Giráldez ◽

Manuel J. Mora ◽

Begoña Fernández ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rumen Fluid ◽

Gas Production ◽

In Vitro Gas Production ◽

Production Techniques ◽

Fermentative Activity

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Evaluation of nutritional value in some tropical by-products using the in vitro gas production technique

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200030295 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 ◽

pp. 190-190

Author(s):

A Taghizadeh ◽

M Besharati

Keyword(s):

Rumen Fluid ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Gas Production ◽

Production Technique ◽

Production Methods ◽

Feeding Programs ◽

Body Of Knowledge ◽

In Vitro Gas Production ◽

Digestion Kinetics

Anaerobic digestion of carbohydrates by ruminal microbes produces short chain fatty acids (SCFA), CO2, CH4, and traces of H2; hence, measurement of gas production in vitro can be used to study the rate and extent of digestion of feedstuffs (Hungate, 1966). When a feedstuff is incubated with buffered rumen fluid in vitro, the carbohydrates are fermented to SCFA, gases mainly CO2 and CH4 and microbial cells. Gas production is basically the result of fermentation of carbohydrates to acetate, propionate and butyrate (Wolin, 1960; Beuvink and Spoelstra, 1992; Blummel and Ørskov, 1993). High correlations between gas production and NDF disappearance, r2 = 0.99 (Pell and Schofield, 1993) or gas production and DM disappearance, r2 = 0.95 (Prasad et al., 1994) have been reported. In vitro techniques that estimate digestion kinetics indirectly by measuring gas production are a more viable option than other in vitro methods. Gas production technology allows for a more usable collection of digestion kinetics data and has allowed for a growing body of knowledge that is directly applicable to the feeding programs that are in daily practical field use. The range of data that can be acquired is broad and will no doubt grow over time. One of the most challenging problems associated with using gas production methods is that the amount of gas produced varies with different molar proportions of SCFA. For example, a higher propionate concentration is associated with lower gas production because an extra carbon atom in propionate would otherwise have appeared as CO2 (Wolin, 1960). The object of this study was to evaluate the nutritional quality of noodle waste (NW), tomato pomace (TP) and apple pomace (AP) using the gas production technique.

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The evaluation of Acacia and other tree pods for goats: influence of rumen fluid source and polyethylene glycol addition on in vitro gas production

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200007882 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 2002 ◽

pp. 132-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. Mlambo ◽

F. L. Mould ◽

T. Smith ◽

E. Owen ◽

I. Mueller-Harvey

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Prolonged Exposure ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Gas Production ◽

Rumen Microorganisms ◽

Protein Supplements ◽

In Vitro Gas Production ◽

Adaptive Mechanisms ◽

Acacia Pods

After prolonged exposure to tanniniferous diets, it has been reported that some rumen microorganisms acquire defensive mechanisms against tannins (Brooker et al., 2000) or produce tannin-degrading enzymes. Such rumen microorganisms are said to be “tannin resistant” as their fermentation activity is less inhibited by the presence of tannins in the host’s diet. As acacia pods contain tannins their use as protein supplements for goats in the dry season may require that they be first detannified e.g. by using polyethylene glycol (PEG). However, goats with prior exposure to tanniniferous diets may have developed adaptive mechanisms to deal with tannins. This study, therefore, investigated the need for tannin inactivation in feeds given to ‘adapted’ animals by comparing the effect on the in vitro fermentation of tree pods incubated with and without PEG using rumen fluid from adapted and unadapted goats.

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Multiple-factor associative effects of peanut shell combined with alfalfa and concentrate determined by in vitro gas production method

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/94/2019-cjas ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 64 (No. 8) ◽

pp. 352-360

Author(s):

Jiu Yuan ◽

Xinjie Wan

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Production Method ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Gas Production ◽

Peanut Shell ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

In Vitro Gas Production

The associative effects (AE) between concentrate (C), peanut shell (P) and alfalfa (A) were investigated by means of an automated gas production (GP) system. The C, P and A were incubated alone or as 40 : 60 : 0, 40 : 45 : 15, 40 : 30 : 30, 40 : 15 : 45, 40 : 0 : 60 and 30 : 70 : 0, 30 : 55 : 15, 30 : 40 : 30, 30 : 25 : 45, 30 : 10 : 60, 30 : 0 : 70 mixtures where the C : roughage (R) ratios were 40 : 60 and 30 : 70. Samples (0.2000 ± 0.0010 g) of single feeds or mixtures were incubated for 96 h in individual bottles (100 ml) with 30 ml of buffered rumen fluid. GP parameters were analysed using a single exponential equation. After incubation, the residues were used to determine pH, dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) of the incubation fluid, and their single factor AE indices (SFAEI) and multiple-factors AE indices (MFAEI) were determined. The results showed that group of 30 peanut shell had higher SFAEI of GP48 h, DMD, OMD and total volatile fatty acids (p < 0.05) and MFAEI (p < 0.05) than groups 60, 45 and 0 when C : R was 40 : 60. The group of 10 peanut shell showed higher SFAEI of GP48 h, DMD and OMD (p < 0.05) than groups 70, 55 and 40 and MFAEI (p < 0.01) when C : R was 30 : 70. It is concluded that optimal SFAEI and MFAEI were obtained when the C : P : A ratios were 40 : 30 : 30 and 30 : 10 : 60.

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A comparison between two in vitro gas production techniques to study fermentation profiles of three foodstuffs

BSAP Occasional Publication ◽

10.1017/s0263967x00032614 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. 207-208

Author(s):

R. S. Lowman ◽

N. S. Jessop ◽

M. K. Theodorou ◽

M. Herrero ◽

D. Cuddeford

Keyword(s):

Pressure Transducer ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Gas Production ◽

In Vitro Gas Production ◽

Production Techniques ◽

Gas Tight ◽

Gas Volume ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Made In

Following the development of the Menke technique in 1979, the measurement of gas production in vitro has become increasingly popular for investigating the kinetics of rumen fermentation. The aim of this study was to compare the gas production profiles for three foods using two in vitro gas production techniques; the Menke et al. (1979) technique (MT) and the pressure transducer technique (PTT) (Theodorou et al., 1994). Both techniques involve recording gas production throughout the incubation of a food sample with rumen fluid. The MT incubations are made in gas-tight syringes where the volume of gas produced causes the plunger to move up the syringe barrel. The PTT involves measuring gas production in fermentation bottles using a pressure transducer and syringe assembly to measure the pressure and corresponding gas volume. As the medium to rumen fluid ratios also differ between techniques; 2:1 in the Menke technique and 9:1 in the PTT, both ratios were investigated in this study.

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Effect of the ratio of maize cob and husk to napier Pakchong 1 silage on nutritive value and in vitro gas production of rumen fluid of Thai native cattle

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an15692 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 57 (8) ◽

pp. 1603 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Yammuen-art ◽

P. Somrak ◽

C. Phatsara

Keyword(s):

Microbial Biomass ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Biomass Yield ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Gas Production ◽

Average Weight ◽

In Vitro Gas Production ◽

Native Cattle ◽

Maize Cob

The present study evaluated the chemical composition and in vitro ruminal digestibility of napier Pakchong 1 silage combined with maize cob and husk in different ratios. The napier Pakchong 1 grass was harvested at 45 days of maturity. The napier Pakchong 1 grass was ensiled with maize cob and husk at ratios of 1:5, 1:10 and 1:15. Three rumen fistulated Thai native cattle (White Lamphun cattle) with an average weight of 154 ± 4.7 kg were used to determine ruminal digestibility by in vitro gas-production technique. Gas production was recorded after incubating for 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. The microbial biomass yield was determined after incubating for 24 h. DM, NDF and ADF of maize cob and husk mixed with napier Pakchong 1 silage declined by increasing the proportion of napier Pakchong 1 grass, while gas production after 4–10 h of incubating maize cob and husk mixed with napier Pakchong 1 grass increased by increasing the proportion of napier Pakchong 1 grass. The metabolisable energy, organic matter digestibility and microbial biomass yield did not differ among the different ratios. The results of the study suggested a recommended ratio of maize cob and husk to napier Pakchong 1 grass of 1:10. The ensiling fermentation increased the proportion of protein in the roughage, which lead to increased in vitro gas production of roughage.

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Comparison of three different rumen fluid as a source of inoculum to evaluate in vitro gas production and digestibility of elephant grass-concentrate mixture

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/888/1/012076 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 888 (1) ◽

pp. 012076

Author(s):

H Soetanto ◽

RM Aprilia ◽

MS Pramita ◽

I Banna

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Gas Production ◽

Elephant Grass ◽

Buffer Solution ◽

Cattle Breeds ◽

In Vitro Gas Production ◽

Concentrate Mixture

Abstract This study aimed at elucidating the use of three different rumen fluid (RF) of indigenous cattle breeds i.e. Bali, Madura and Crossbred Ongole immediately after slaughtered at abattoir to evaluate the nutritive value of elephant grass( EG) -concentrate mixture using a standard in vitro gas production (IVGP) technique. Approximately 500 mg feed dry matter/syringe was added with 50 ml RF-buffer solution and incubated in a 39 0C water bath for 48 hours where gas production was observed at time intervals. Following termination of incubation the content was transferred into tare glass crucible to measure rumen dry matter (RDMD) and organic matter (ROMD) digestibility. The results showed that there was no significant different (P>0.05) in gas production parameters. In contrast, RDMD and ROMD differed significantly (P<0.01) among cattle breeds. RF from OCB resulted in the highest IVGP, RDMD and ROMD as compared with other RF sources. In conclusion, the use of RF from abattoir for IVGP measurement can be warranted using the same source of RF. The highest values resulted from OCB suggests that the abundance and variation in rumen microbiota may exist among cattle breeds.

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