Chromium yeast alleviates heat stress by improving antioxidant and immune function in Holstein mid-lactation dairy cows

Clinical bottom line Heat stress appears to generally suppress innate immune function in both dry and lactating dairy cows. Immune effects that are decreased include cytokine production, proliferation of immune cells, migration of lymphocytes to the udder and cell viability. This may lead to an increase in the risk of clinical diseases such as mastitis and metritis.

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Effects of Dietary N-Carbamylglutamate Supplementation on Milk Production Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Blood Metabolomics of Lactating Holstein Cows Under Heat Stress

10.21203/rs.3.rs-30617/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ning Ma ◽

Yan Li ◽

Liyuan Ren ◽

Linqi Hu ◽

Ruiting Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Immune Function ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Ketone Bodies ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Production Performance ◽

Feed Additive

Abstract Background: Heat stress (HS) becomes a serious threat to dairy cow industry in certain circumstances, N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) is a novel feed additive that may be used to alleviate HS. However, the effects and mechanisms of NCG on dairy cows under HS are still unknown. A total of 48 Holstein dairy cows with similar days in milk (154.37±13.56 d), parity (1-3), and body condition score (BCS) were randomly divided into 4 groups of 12 animals each. Under HS, the cows were fed a TMR diet supplemented with 0 (control), 15, 20, 25 g of NCG/d per cow for 60 days. Milk production performance was recorded and serum parameters were examined. Meanwhile, metabolomics study of plasma based on liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was also applied to investigate metabolites and pathways in response to NCG supplementation.Results: Milk yield (MY) was increased but milk urine nitrogen (MUN) was reduced by the NCG treatment. Addition of 15 g of NCG/d increased the milk protein percentage (MPP) compared with the control. No effect of NCG was observed on dry matter intake (DMI), lactose percentage (LP), milk fat percentage (MFP) and somatic cell count (SCC). Serum glucose (GLU) levels in cows fed with 15, 20, 25 g of NCG/d were increased by 14.35%, 19.34% and 18.63% in comparison with the control. Meanwhile, the concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and blood ammonia (BA) were decreased with the addition of NCG. Results for antioxidant capacity and immune function showed beneficial effects of NCG, such as the increases in total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), IgG, IgM and IgA. Clear separations of plasma metabolic profiles between control and NCG groups were observed in the score plots. Sixteen different metabolites involved in metabolisms of amino acids, ketone bodies, butanoate and energy, as well as gut microbiome-derived metabolism were regulated by NCG supplementation.Conclusions: This study found that NCG treatment improved antioxidant capacity, immune function, production performance, and metabolic profile of dairy cows under HS and provided new evidence for the better utilization of NCG.

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Role of Vitamin C on Immune Function Under Heat Stress Condition in Dairy Cows

Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances ◽

10.3923/ajava.2016.717.724 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 717-724 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Meriem Rejeb ◽

Raoudha Sadraoui ◽

Taha Najar

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Immune Function ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Stress Condition ◽

Heat Stress Condition

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1083 Proteomic analysis reveals increased Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress response in adipose tissue of late pregnant dairy cows during summer heat stress

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.2527/jam2016-1083 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽

pp. 519-520

Author(s):

M. Zachut ◽

G. Kra ◽

G. Friedlander ◽

Y. Levin

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Stress Response ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Proteomic Analysis ◽

Oxidative Stress Response ◽

Summer Heat

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Characterization of Short-Term Heat Stress in Holstein Dairy Cows Using Altered Indicators of Metabolomics, Blood Parameters, Milk MicroRNA-216 and Characteristics

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11030722 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 722

Author(s):

Jang-Hoon Jo ◽

Jalil Ghassemi Nejad ◽

Dong-Qiao Peng ◽

Hye-Ran Kim ◽

Sang-Ho Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Humidity Index ◽

Holstein Dairy Cows

This study aims to characterize the influence of short-term heat stress (HS; 4 day) in early lactating Holstein dairy cows, in terms of triggering blood metabolomics and parameters, milk yield and composition, and milk microRNA expression. Eight cows (milk yield = 30 ± 1.5 kg/day, parity = 1.09 ± 0.05) were homogeneously housed in environmentally controlled chambers, assigned into two groups with respect to the temperature humidity index (THI) at two distinct levels: approximately ~71 (low-temperature, low-humidity; LTLH) and ~86 (high-temperature, high-humidity; HTHH). Average feed intake (FI) dropped about 10 kg in the HTHH group, compared with the LTLH group (p = 0.001), whereas water intake was only numerically higher (p = 0.183) in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Physiological parameters, including rectal temperature (p = 0.001) and heart rate (p = 0.038), were significantly higher in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Plasma cortisol and haptoglobin were higher (p < 0.05) in the HTHH group, compared to the LTLH group. Milk yield, milk fat yield, 3.5% fat-corrected milk (FCM), and energy-corrected milk (ECM) were lower (p < 0.05) in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Higher relative expression of milk miRNA-216 was observed in the HTHH group (p < 0.05). Valine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, lactic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid, 1,5-anhydro-D-sorbitol, myo-inositol, and urea were decreased (p < 0.05). These results suggest that early lactating cows are more vulnerable to short-term (4 day) high THI levels—that is, HTHH conditions—compared with LTLH, considering the enormous negative effects observed in measured blood metabolomics and parameters, milk yield and compositions, and milk miRNA-216 expression.

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