Inclusion of hybrid rye in diets for weanling pigs does not compromise daily gain, but may reduce diarrhea incidence despite pigs having preference for consuming corn over hybrid rye

2021 ◽  
pp. 115113
Author(s):  
M.L. McGhee ◽  
H.H. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Diarrhea Incidence ◽  
Hybrid Rye ◽  
Daily Gain

100 Hybrid Rye May Replace Corn in Diets for Nursery Pigs Without Negatively Affecting Average Daily Gain, but gain:feed May Be Reduced

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 51-52
Author(s):  
Molly L McGhee ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Diarrhea Incidence ◽  
Hybrid Rye ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that replacing corn with hybrid rye in diets for weanling pig diets will not influence growth performance. In experiment 1, 160 pigs (6.0 ± 0.7 kg) were allotted to 40 pens and 5 treatments (Phase 1 (day 1–7): 0, 3, 6, 9, or 12% hybrid rye; Phase 2 (day 8–21): 0, 5, 11, 16, or 21% hybrid rye; Phase 3 (day 22–34): 0, 15, 30, 45, or 60% hybrid rye). In experiment 2, 128 pigs (5.6 ± 0.5 kg) were allotted to 32 pens and 4 treatments (Phase 1: 0, 8, 16, or 24% hybrid rye; Phase 2: 0, 16, 32, or 48% hybrid rye; Phase 3: 0, 20, 40, or 60% hybrid rye). Individual body weights were recorded at the start and end of each phase, and diarrhea incidence was recorded every other day. Diarrhea incidence was analyzed using proportions with SAS Proc Glimmix, whereas other data were analyzed in SAS Proc Mixed using linear and quadratic contrast statements. In experiment 1, body weights and average daily gain (ADG) did not differ among treatments (Table 1), but in experiment 2, ADG in phase 1 increased (linear, P < 0.05) as rye inclusion increased. In both experiments, overall average daily feed intake increased (experiment 1, quadratic, P < 0.05; experiment 2, linear, P < 0.05) with greater rye inclusion and in both experiments overall gain:feed decreased (quadratic, P < 0.05) as rye replaced corn in diets. Diarrhea incidence decreased (quadratic, P < 0.05) with 6 or 9% rye inclusion in phase 1 of experiment 1, but not experiment 2. To conclude, hybrid rye may replace the majority of corn in diets for nursery pigs without impacting ADG, but gain:feed will be reduced due to greater feed intake.

scholarly journals 139 Bioavailability of valine in a fermentation biomass product relative to the bioavailability in crystalline L-valine when fed to weanling pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 78-79
Author(s):  
Maryane S Faria de Oliveira ◽  
John K Htoo ◽  
Caroline J González-Vega ◽  
John E Thomson ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Quadratic Effects ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that Val from a Val-containing fermentation biomass product (Val-FB; 64.4% L-Val) has a bioavailability of 100% relative to L-Val (98% Val) when fed to weanling pigs. A Val-deficient basal diet containing 0.63% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Val was formulated. Six additional diets were prepared by supplementing the basal diet with 0.08, 0.16, or 0.24% L-Val or 0.12, 0.25, or 0.37% Val-FB to create experimental diets containing 0.71, 0.79, or 0.87% SID Val. A total of 224 weanling pigs (6.87 ± 0.64 kg) were allotted to a randomized complete block design with 7 diets and 8 replicate pens per diet. Diets were fed for 21 d and growth performance was measured on a pen basis. Orthogonal-polynomial contrasts were used to determine linear and quadratic effects of L-Val and Val-FB levels on performance and the effect of Val sources. A linear regression model based on performance was used to estimate the relative bioavailability (RBV) of Val in Val-FB relative to L-Val. The final body-weight (BW) and average-daily-gain (ADG) were greater (P < 0.01) for pigs fed diets supplemented with Val-FB than pigs fed diets supplemented with L-Val (Table 1). The average-daily-feed-intake (ADFI) decreased linearly (P < 0.01), whereas gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) increased (P < 0.01) by supplementing graded levels of both Val sources to the diets. The RBV of Val in Val-FB as determined by ADG, G:F, and final BW was 146, 135, and 143%, respectively, with 95% confidence intervals of 99 to 191%, 83 to 187%, and 70 to 217%, respectively. In conclusion, the linear regression estimated a RBV of at least 100% for Val-FB relative to L-Val, and pigs fed diets supplemented with Val-FB had greater ADG and final BW than pigs fed diets supplemented with the same amount of L-Val.

scholarly journals Effects of housing conditions and glutamine levels on growthperformance of post-weaning piglets

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2387
Author(s):  
Arturo Pardo Lozano ◽  
Angela Rocio Poveda-Parra ◽  
Eduardo Raele ◽  
Aliny Kétilim Novais ◽  
Roberta Abrami Monteiro da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Diarrhea Incidence ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Weaning Piglets ◽  
Daily Gain

This study aimed to determine the effects of housing conditions and glutamine (GLN) levels on growth performance and incidence of diarrhea in weaned piglets. Forty-eight piglets were randomly assigned (4x2 factorial design) to one of the eight experimental diets represented by four levels of dietary GLN (0.0, 1.0, 1.5 or 2.0 %) and two housing conditions (AD = adequate and INAD = inadequate). From 22 to 28 days of age all animals were challenged daily with Escherichia coli polysaccharides. No effect of GLN level was found on daily gain (ADG), daily feed intake (ADFI) or body weight at 28 days postweaning (BW28). For housing conditions, ADG at 21 days after weaning was greater for animals of treatment AD than INAD, and AD had lower body weight variation than INAD pigs at 21 days after weaning. Considering the whole period, AD had a higher ADG, ADFI and BW28 than INAD. However, an interaction effect was observed for feed:gain rate, in which values decreased linearly (Y = 2.1727 - 0.4017x; R2=0.92) just for AD pigs as GLN levels increased. No GLN level effects were observed for diarrhea incidence; however, AD had a higher number of animals without diarrhea and with lower incidence of severe diarrhea than INAD pigs. In conclusion, supplementing GLN doesn’t affect ADG, ADFI or BW28 but it improves feed efficiency when housing conditions are adequate.

Hybrid rye may replace up to 75% of the corn in diets for gestating and lactating sows without negatively impacting sow and piglet performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly L McGhee ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Serum Cytokines ◽  
Affect Body Weight ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Hybrid Rye ◽  
Milk Urea ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that hybrid rye can replace a part of the corn in gestation and lactation diets without negatively affecting sow and litter performance. For each phase, a corn-soybean meal diet and 3 diets in which hybrid rye replaced 25, 50, or 75% of corn were formulated. Two hundred sows were randomly allotted by parity to the 4 treatments. Results indicated that diet did not affect body weight or average daily gain (ADG) of sows, or number of pigs born. The number of pigs weaned, litter weaning weight, and litter ADG increased and then decreased (quadratic, P &lt; 0.05) as hybrid rye in diets increased. Pig mortality and number of crushed pigs tended (quadratic, P &lt; 0.10) to be reduced as hybrid rye was added to the diet. Serum cytokines did not differ among treatments on day 105 of gestation or in pigs on the day of weaning, but interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, and IL-18 on day 13 of lactation increased and then decreased (quadratic, P &lt; 0.05) as hybrid rye inclusion increased in diets. Milk urea N increased (linear, P &lt; 0.05) as hybrid rye was included in the diet, but no other differences in milk composition were observed. Overall, replacing 25% or 50% of corn with hybrid rye resulted in improved lactation performance, and replacing 75% of corn with hybrid rye resulted in sow and litter performance that was not different from that of sows fed control diets.

Uniform or heterogeneous weight groups as factors in mixing weanling pigs

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Francis ◽  
G. I. Christison ◽  
N. F. Cymbaluk
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Weight Groups ◽  
Light Medium

A series of trials evaluated the behavior and performance of pigs grouped into three main categories at weaning: (1) unmixed litters, (2) mixed into uniform body weight groups (light, medium and heavy) and (3) mixed into heterogeneous weight groups. The effects of grouping on performance criteria were conflicting among trials and with time after weaning. In trial 1, heterogeneous groups had lower (P = 0.09) average daily gain to 5 d after weaning than intact litters. The reverse was observed in trial 2. In trial 3, uniform weight groups grew more rapidly (P < 0.01) than heterogenous groups. These treatment differences persisted through 19 d post-weaning for pigs in trials 1 and 2 but were no longer evident in trial 3. Play/fight behavior was highest (P < 0.01) among uniform weight groups resulting in an increased wounding score for head and shoulders of pigs in medium and heavy weight groups. In trial 1, structures which allowed individuals to hide their heads were available for the first 5 d but did not affect behavior or wounding. In trial 2, pigs from the three main groupings were mixed again on day 19 into three new groupings (unmixed, uniform weight or heterogenous weight). There were no performance differences among the nine grouping combinations 40 d after weaning. We conclude that if litter groups cannot be maintained after weaning, it may be advantageous to mix newly weaned pigs into uniform weight groups although the benefit is not consistently present. If space is limited, the greatest benefit would be to group light weight pigs together. Key words: Pigs, weanlings, behavior, lesions, head hides, mixing

A comparison of drip and non-drip nipple waterers used by weanling pigs

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 581-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. O. Ogunbameru ◽  
E. T. Kornegay ◽  
C. M. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Drip Water ◽  
Daily Gain

An evaluation of three waterer treatments: (1) pig-trainer nipple waterers adjusted to drip water for 3 d postweaning; (2) pig-trainer nipple waterers adjusted to not drip; and (3) conventional non-drip nipple waterers did not indicate significant (P > 0.05) differences in weekly and cumulative average daily feed intake, average daily gain and feed per gain ratios of weanling pigs, suggesting no advantage for the use of drip waterers. Key words: Pigs, nipple drinkers, growth, feed intake, feed conversion

PSIII-14 Hybrid Rye Can Replace Corn in Diets for Growing Pigs Without Impacting Growth Performance Although Pigs Prefer to Eat Corn Rather Than Hybrid Rye If Given a Choice

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 174-175
Author(s):  
Molly L McGhee ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Taste Preference ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Hybrid Rye ◽  
Quadratic Effects ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to test the hypotheses that feed preference and growth performance will not be affected if hybrid rye replaces corn in diets for growing pigs. In experiment 1, 36 pigs (32.0 ± 1.8 kg) were housed for 8 d with one gilt and one barrow in each pen. Each pen had 2 feeders containing a corn-based or a hybrid rye-based diet. Feeder positions were switched daily, and feed allotments and disappearances were recorded daily. In experiment 2, 128 pigs (27.2 ± 2.2 kg) were allotted to 32 pens with 4 pigs/pen and 8 replicate pens per diet. A corn-based basal diet and 3 diets containing 22, 45, or 67% hybrid rye were fed for 27 d. Body weights were determined at the start and conclusion of the experiment. Experiment 1 data were analyzed by a paired t-test and experiment 2 data were analyzed using SAS Proc Mixed with diet as the fixed effect and pen as a random effect. Contrast statements were used to test linear and quadratic effects of including graded levels of hybrid rye in diets. In experiment 1, preference for the hybrid rye diet was less (P &lt; 0.05) than for the corn diet on each day and for the overall experiment (Table 1). In experiment 2, body weights of pigs, average daily gain (ADG), and gain:feed did not differ among treatments. Average daily feed intake tended to decrease (linear, P &lt; 0.10) with increased hybrid rye inclusion. Taste preference and satiating effects of dietary fiber in the gastrointestinal tract may contribute to the reduced consumption of hybrid rye in both experiments. Nevertheless, the observation that diet did not influence ADG or gain:feed indicate that growing pigs may be fed diets with high inclusion rates of hybrid rye without negatively impacting growth.

scholarly journals Effect of medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) and probiotic (Enterococcus faecium) supplementation on the growth performance, digestibility and blood profiles in weanling pigs 

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 527-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mohana Devi ◽  
IH Kim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Faecal Score ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Blood Profiles

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of MCFA and probiotic (Enterococcus faecium DSM 7134) supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, faecal score, excreta microbiota, and excreta noxious gas emission in weanling pigs. A total of 140 weanling pigs [(Yorkshire &times; Landrace) &times; Duroc] were allotted to four treatments groups of seven replicates/treatment and five pigs/replicate. The four experimental diets included: CON diet (basal diet); T1 (CON + MCFA 0.2%); T2 (CON + probiotic 0.01%) and T3 (CON + MCFA 0.2% + probiotic 0.01%). Growth performance, average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), gain-to-feed ratio (G : F), Nutrient digestibility: dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N), energy were determined along with blood profiles: glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol, triglyceride, Excreta bacteria: Lactobacillus, E. coli, Excreta gas emission: NH<sub>3</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>S, total mercaptans, acetic acid and faecal scores. Overall, average daily gain (ADG) and G : F in T2 and T3 treatment groups was higher than in T1 and controls. In blood profiles, glucose levels were found to be increased in week two and six in the treatment groups compared to controls. In addition, the nutrient digestibility of DM, N and energy were found to be increased significantly in T2 and T3 when compared to T1 and controls. There was no significant difference observed between the groups for faecal score, microflora and noxious gas emission. In conclusion, dietary MCFA and probiotic supplementation in weanling pigs are efficacious alternatives to antibiotics, and can improve health status and performance.

scholarly journals PSIX-17 Effect of imprinting with essential oils on performance parameters and diarrheas in weaned piglets

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 343-344
Author(s):  
Bernat Canal ◽  
Mónica Puyalto ◽  
Luis Mesas ◽  
Cinta Sol ◽  
Rhuan Chaves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Diarrhea Incidence ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effect of prenatal and postnatal inclusion of a combination of essential oils (EO) on performance parameters and diarrheas after 2 weeks post-weaning. The trial followed a 2x3 factorial design; 2 sow diets: basal or with EO at 375 g/t x 3 piglet diets: basal diet, medicated with 200 ppm of colistin or treated with 375 g/t of EO. A total of 168 weaned piglets were randomly distributed in the 6 groups: 3 from basal sows (CC, CA and CT) and 3 from EO sows (TC, TA and TT), being the animals from the TT treatment the ones imprinted. The incidence of diarrhea was recorded twice a day and calculated using the percentage of animals with diarrhea over the total period of observations carried out. The animals were weighed at 14 days post-weaning. Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA using GLM procedure of SAS. Animals from the TT group had significantly lower incidence of diarrheas from 0 to 14 days post weaning. Diarrhea was recorded on 4.7b% of the observations (TT group), being significantly lower (P ≤ 0.001) than the animals from CC (10.8a%), CA (13.7a%), CT (10.7a%), TC (14.4a%) and TA (12.9a%). Performance parameters indicated that there were non-significant differences in BW, ADFI, ADG with numerically lower FCR (kg/kg) 1.14 in TT group (CC 1.23, CA 1.33, CT 1.27, TC 1.22, TA 1.23). Despite the non-significant differences in performance parameters, in this study the effect of imprinting with essential oils reduced diarrhea incidence.

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