scholarly journals The effect of dairy heifer pre-breeding growth rate on first lactation milk yield in spring-calving, pasture-based herds

animal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 100169
Author(s):  
C.J. Hayes ◽  
C.G. McAloon ◽  
E.T. Kelly ◽  
C.I. Carty ◽  
E.G. Ryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dairy Heifer

Lactational performance, nursing and maternal behavior of Upton-Meishan and Large White sows

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Farmer ◽  
M. F. Palin ◽  
M. T. Sorensen ◽  
S. Robert
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Sample ◽  
Maternal Behavior ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Large White ◽  
Lactational Performance ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

The growth of litters from 19 Upton-Meishan (UM) and 16 Large White (LW) sows was recorded from birth to weaning (25 d of age). Water and feed intake of sows were recorded. Suckling behavior was studied on days 5 and 20 of lactation. Milk yield was measured on day 22 and a milk sample was obtained the next day. Water intakes were similar (P = 0.947) for both breeds, yet UM sows consumed less feed throughout lactation (P = 0.0002). Average piglet (P < 0.05) and total litter (P < 0.001) weights were greater as of day 7 in UM compared to LW sows. Mean piglet weight on day 24 was 6.13 ± 0.16 kg for UM litters and 5.33 ± 0.33 kg for LW litters. Suckling interval was similar for UM and LW litters on day 5 (P = 0.533), but was shorter for UM litters on day 20 (41.4 ± 1.2 vs. 48.3 ± 2.8 min; P= 0.060). On day 22, daily milk yield corrected for actual suckling interval was greater (10.59 ± 0.47 vs. 8.03 ± 0.65 kg; P = 0.003) in UM sows. Milk from UM sows contained more fat (P= 0.042) and lactose (P = 0.005). In conclusion, the greater growth rate of piglets from UM sows is mainly due to a higher frequency of nursings and to greater energy content of milk. Key words: Sows, lactation, breed, Meishan, behavior, nursing

The effect of three suckling regimes on the lactation performance of Cyprus fat-tailed, Chios and Awassi sheep and the growth rate of the lambs

1974 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Lawlor ◽  
A. Louca ◽  
A. Mavrogenis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Awassi Sheep ◽  
Creep Feed ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Before And After

SUMMARYNinety-nine ewes, 33 from each of the Cyprus fat-tailed, Chios and Awassi breeds, were used to compare the effects of three suckling regimes on lactation. These consisted of weaning the lambs at birth (W0), 2 days (W2) and 35 days (W35). The 35-day, 150-day and total milk yields, as well as lactation length, were measured for each group. The lambs weaned from the ewes at birth and 2 days were reared on ewe-milk replacer. The growth rate of these lambs was compared with that of the lambs being suckled by their dams, before and after weaning.In all cases the milk yields of the Chios and Awassi breeds of sheep were significantly higher (P<0·01) than those of the Cyprus fat-tailed. Within each breed the 35-day milk yields of the ewes suckling one lamb were significantly higher (P<0·01) than those of the ewes on the W0 or W2 treatments, which themselves did not differ significantly. While the 150-day milk yields of the W35 treatment were significantly higher than those of the W0 or W2 treatments, the differences between suckling regimes in terms of total milk yield and lactation length were not significant. It is concluded that differences in milk yield obtained on different suckling regimes are attributable solely to the length of time that the lambs are suckled by their dams.Prior to weaning the growth rate of the lambs given the ewe-milk replacer was significantly lower than that of the lambs suckled by their dams. There were no differences in the growth rates of these groups of lambs when both were fattened on a creep feed after weaning.

The effect of different proportions of carob pod meal in the diet on the performance of calves and goats

1973 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avraam Louca ◽  
Andreas Papas
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Carob Pod

SUMMARYFour trials with 24 and 38 British Friesian male calves, 39 male Damascus kids and 36 lactating Damascus goats were conducted over a period of 9 months, 6·5 months, 3 months and 12 weeks respectively to study the effects of carob pod meal on growth rate or milk yield. Carob pod meal was used to replace barley at rates from 0 to 30% of the diet. Urea was added to the diets of some of the treatments as a source of supplementary nitrogen.The final weights and average daily gains of the calves and kids fed on carob pod meal were as good as those of the controls but their feed intakes and feed conversion ratios were higher. The differences in fat-corrected milk between the goats fed on carob pod meal and the controls were not significant. The results showed that carob pod meal constituting up to 30% of the diet had no depressing effects on the growth rate of calves and kids or on the performance of dairy goats, and that the calves and kids could compensate for the lower energy content of carob pod meal by increasing their feed intake.

A note on the effect of number and genotype of kids on milk yield and composition of indigenous Greek goats (Capra prisca)

1994 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Zygoyiannis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
Suckling Period ◽  
Indigenous Breed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Indigenous Goats ◽  
Protein F

Four groups of 10 indigenous goats, suckling indigenous or crossbred, single or twin kids, were used to study the effect of sucking stimulus on milk yield and composition during a 12-week suckling period and over the first 20 weeks of the subsequent milking period. During the suckling period, goats with twins produced more milk (F < 0·001) than those with singles. There was no effect of kid genotype in goats rearing twins but single crossbreds took 1·11 times more milk than indigenous. Goats with single kids had higher concentrations of fat (F < 0·001), protein (F < 0·05) and lactose (F < 0·05) in milk than did those with twins. Growth rate of kids was related to differences in milk intake, with singles higher than twins (F < 0·001) and crossbred singles higher than indigenous singles (F < 0·05). It is concluded that the indigenous breed can respond to the increased sucking demand of twins but not sufficiently to meet their needs. During the milking period the mean yield was reduced to about one-third and was not dependent on the corresponding yield in the suckling period. There were minor differences of milk composition associated with number or genotype of kids suckled.

The influence of litter size on milk production of sows

1998 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Auldist ◽  
L. Morrish ◽  
P. Eason ◽  
R. H. King
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Average Growth Rate ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Milk Output ◽  
Piglet Growth ◽  
Cross Fostering

AbstractThirty sows were allocated at their first farrowing to five litter size treatments. Litter sizes of six, eight, 10,12 and 14 were established by cross-fostering within 48 h post partum. Milk yield (Y, kg/day) of sows was linearly related to litter size (L) and was described by the equations; Y = 5·98 (s.e. 0·48) + 0·689 (s.e. 0·046)L, R2 = 0·99; residual s.d. = 0·29; P < 0·001 and Y = 8·20 (s.e. 0·46) + 0·324 (s.e. 0·044)1, R2 = 0·95; residual s.d. = 0·28; P < 0·002 for early (day 10 to day 14) and late (day 24 to day 28) lactation, respectively. The composition of milk from sows suckling various litter sizes remained relatively stable but suckling frequency in early lactation increased linearly in response to increased litter size. Litter size significantly affected the average growth rate of individual piglets; piglet growth rate from birth to weaning at 28 days of age decreased from 283 g/day to 202 giday in response to increasing litter size from six to 14. The relationships between milk yield, average piglet growth rate and litter size indicate that the number of functional glands is the major factor influencing milk yield of sows. Increasing the number of functional glands by increasing litter size more than compensates for any decrease in milk output from individual glands.

The effect on growth rate and on milk yield and composition of finely grinding the hay and cooking (flaking) the maize in mixed diets for growing and for milking heifers

1965 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Balch ◽  
W. H. Broster ◽  
J. A. F. Rook ◽  
Valerie J. Tuck
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Adult Sheep ◽  
End Products ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Effect On Growth

The volatile fatty acids produced during fermentation in the rumen have been shown to vary in their nutritive properties. Armstrong & Blaxter (1957) found that for lipogenesis in the adult sheep the value of the acids increases with increasing chain length. Rook & Balch (1961) showed that the individual acids have characteristically different effects on the synthesis of the various constituents of milk. In consequence the nature of the end products of fermentation must be one factor affecting the utilization of foods for productive purposes.

The effect of suckling regime on growth rate and lactation performance of the Cyprus Fat-tailed and Chios sheep

1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avraam Louca
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Chios Sheep ◽  
Daily Gain

SUMMARYSeventy-two Cyprus Fat-tailed and Chios ewes with their lambs were used over a 2-year period to study the effects of three suckling regimes on the lactation performance of ewes and growth rate of lambs. The regimes studied were continuous or 24-hr a day suckling, 12-hr suckling and no suckling. The lambs were weaned at the age of 10 weeks. All the ewes, including those suckling, were handmilked throughout the trial twice daily.Highly significant differences in milk yield (milk sucked by lambs plus milk withdrawn by hand) and lactation length were found between the Fat-tailed and Chios ewes, the respective average milk yields being 159 and 265 kg and the corresponding lactation lengths, 158 and 209 days. There were no significant differences between breeds in the live weight or average daily gain of lambs up to the age of 20 weeks. Suckling for 12 rather than 24 hr a day had no adverse effects on the milk yield of ewes or the growth rate of lambs. The no-suckling regime, however, adversely affected milk yield and lactation length but the effects were less pronounced for the Chios breed.

scholarly journals Effect of body weight of goats and lactation order on the growth rate of kids in the suckling period

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 1193-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zujovic ◽  
N. Memisi ◽  
V. Bogdanovic ◽  
Z. Tomic ◽  
N. Maksimovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Positive Sign ◽  
Suckling Period ◽  
Final Body Weight

The paper presents results of investigation of milk yield by lactation, by order, and mother's body weight on growth rate of kids of the domestic Balkan goat. Daily weight gains of 376 single kids (168 male and 208 female), in three monthly intervals, and their final body weight at 90 days of age were established. Variability of analyzed traits was presented using descriptive statistics parameters, and differences of growth traits for weight gain of kids resulting from the effect of milk yield of female goats by order of lactation were investigated by single analysis of variance. The effect of independent variables, mothers' milk yield and body weight, on body weight of kids was tested using multiple regression analysis. During the entire suckling period, established average values for kids body weight differed significantly (P<0.001), increasing from the 1st toward later lactations. At 90 days of age the lowest values were established in kids from the youngest mothers (11.86 kg), while for kids of mothers in the fourth or later lactations these values were higher (13.93 kg). Coefficients of determination indicate that the variability percentage for individual growth traits of kids was in the 0.08 - 0.17 interval, indicating its significance. Both "b" coefficients (b1 and b2) are positive and statistically highly significant, except for coefficient b2 in the analysis of body weight of kids at birth. The positive sign and high statistical significance indicate a pronounced effect of mother's milk yield and body weight on the body weight of kids up to 90 days of age.

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