Effect of dietary restriction and compensatory growth on performance, carcass characteristics, and metabolic hormone concentrations in Angus and Belgian Blue steers

Ninety-six Brahman crossbred steers (187 ± 3.9 kg) were used to evaluate protein supplements in corn-silage growing diets for 140 d. The following treatments were used: 1, control (7.9% crude protein (CP)); 2, urea (10.3% CP); 3, dehydrated alfalfa (10.0% CP); or 4, soybean meal (SBM) (10.6% CP). Steers were then fed a common finishing diet (80% corn) with 13.4% CP for 120 d. Steers fed the control diet had lower levels of plasma-urea nitrogen, consumed less feed, gained less weight and utilized feed less efficiently than those fed supplemented diets (P < 0.05). Steers fed SBM gained weight faster than those fed urea (P < 0.05), though feed/gain ratios were similar. Although control steers exhibited compensatory growth during the 120-d finishing period, re-alimentation was not complete, and their overall gain was lowest at the end of the 260-d study (P < 0.05). Cattle fed the low-protein growing diet also had lighter carcasses, smaller loin eye area and less backfat and marbling than steers fed protein supplements (P < 0.05). Carcass characteristics were similar for the three protein supplements. These results demonstrate that urea equalled SBM and dehydrated alfalfa as a protein source in a corn-silage growing diet as measured by overall performance and carcass characteristics at the end of 120 d re-alimentation on a finishing diet. However, the negative effects of protein deprivation during the 140-d growing period were not completely overcome after a 120-d finishing period. Key words: Compensatory growth, protein supplements, carcass, beef cattle

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PSX-41 Immunological status of cattle during dietary restriction and subsequent compensatory growth.

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/sky404.225 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 96 (suppl_3) ◽

pp. 101-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Y Mullins ◽

K Keogh ◽

D Kenny ◽

S Waters

Keyword(s):

Dietary Restriction ◽

Compensatory Growth ◽

Immunological Status

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Effect of frame score on performance and carcass characteristics of steers finished in the feedlot or backgrounded for various time on pasture and finished in the feedlot

Archives Animal Breeding ◽

10.5194/aab-53-426-2010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 53 (4) ◽

pp. 426-435

Author(s):

H. Koknaroglu ◽

M. P. Hoffmann

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Compensatory Growth ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Live Weight ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Mineral Supplement ◽

Feedlot Steers ◽

Lower Frame ◽

Daily Gain ◽

Feeding Systems

Abstract. A two-year data of three-year study integrating pasture and drylot feeding systems was used to examine effect of frame score on performance and carcass characteristics of steers. Each year, 84 fall-born and 28 spring-born calves of similar genotypes were used. Fall-born and spring-born calves were started on test in May and October, respectively. Treatments were: 1) fall-born calves directly into feedlot; 2 and 3) fall-born calves put on pasture with or without an ionophore and moved to the feedlot at the end of July; 4 and 5) fall-born calves put on pasture with or without an ionophore and moved to the feedlot at the end of October; 6 and 7) spring-born calves put on pasture with or without an ionophore and moved to the feedlot at the end of October. Frame scores were determined by taking steers’ age and live weight into consideration. Cattle that grazed the same duration on pasture were regarded as the same treatment regardless of whether they received an ionophore or not. In the feedlot, steers were provided an 82 % concentrate diet containing whole-shelled corn, ground alfalfa hay, and a protein, vitamin and mineral supplement containing ionophore and molasses. Pens of cattle were harvested at approximately 522 kg. Cattle having a higher frame score at the entry to pasture and grazed until July and October tended to have higher and lower daily gain on pasture than those having lower frame score, respectively (P>0.05). Fall-born and spring-born cattle grazed until October, which had higher frame scores at the entry to pasture tended to have higher daily gain in the feedlot showing a compensatory growth. In the feedlot, within each treatment cattle having higher frame score tended to have higher daily gain (P>0.05) and had higher dry matter intake (P<0.05). Cattle spending longer time in the feedlot have better carcass quality and higher yield grades. Results showed that cattle with higher frame scores had higher growth potentials in the feedlot and if the grazing season is extended then daily gain of cattle having higher frame score decreases.

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FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS COMPOSITION OF CULL COWS OF DIFFERENT AGES

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas82-102 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 845-854 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

W. C. GRAHAM ◽

M. A. PRICE

Keyword(s):

Compensatory Growth ◽

Initial Level ◽

Age Groups ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Carcass Composition ◽

Apparent Effect ◽

Feedlot Performance ◽

Cull Cows ◽

Effect Of Age ◽

Two Age Groups

Two experiments were conducted to study the effect of age on the feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of cull range cows. In the first experiment, 87 cull cows of three breed-types (Hereford, Beef Composite and Dairy Composite) and three age groups (young, intermediate and mature) were fed a grain diet for 0, 8 or 16 wk. Rate of gain was higher (P < 0.01) in the first than in the second 8 wk (1.80 vs. 1.13 kg−1∙head−1∙day−1). This was accompanied by an increase (P < 0.01) in feed:gain ratio (6.9 vs. 12.8). There were no significant differences among breeds or age groups in feedlot performance or carcass characteristics. Carcass weight increased with age (P < 0.01) and length (P < 0.01). When adjusted to a common carcass length, mature cows had smaller rib eye areas than the other cows. In the second experiment, 37 cull range cows of predominantly Angus breeding, and representing two age groups (young and mature) were used. Twenty-nine of these cows were fed a grain diet ad libitum for 8 wk before slaughter. Young cows gained 1.61 kg∙head−1∙day−1 compared with 1.29 kg∙head−1∙day−1 for the mature cows. The initial level of body fat had no apparent effect on subsequent feedlot performance. The 9th- 10th- 11th rib joints of the younger cows contained less bone (P < 0.01), and had higher muscle:bone ratios (P < 0.01) than those from the mature cows. Key words: Cull cows, feedlot performance, compensatory growth, carcass composition

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Insulin secretion and signaling in response to dietary restriction and subsequent re-alimentation in cattle

Physiological Genomics ◽

10.1152/physiolgenomics.00002.2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 47 (8) ◽

pp. 344-354 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kate Keogh ◽

David A. Kenny ◽

Alan K. Kelly ◽

Sinéad M. Waters

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Dietary Restriction ◽

Insulin Signaling ◽

Compensatory Growth ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Insulin Signaling Pathway ◽

Longissimus Dorsi ◽

Period 2 ◽

Ad Libitum

The objectives of this study were to examine systemic insulin response to a glucose tolerance test (GTT) and transcript abundance of genes of the insulin signaling pathway in skeletal muscle, during both dietary restriction and re-alimentation-induced compensatory growth. Holstein Friesian bulls were blocked to one of two groups: 1) restricted feed allowance for 125 days ( period 1) (RES, n = 15) followed by ad libitum feeding for 55 days ( period 2) or 2) ad libitum access to feed throughout (periods 1 and 2) (ADLIB, n = 15). On days 90 and 36 of periods 1 and 2, respectively, a GTT was performed. M. longissimus dorsi biopsies were harvested from all bulls on days 120 and 15 of periods 1 and 2, respectively, and RNA-Seq analysis was performed. RES displayed a lower growth rate during period 1 (RES: 0.6 kg/day, ADLIB: 1.9 kg/day; P < 0.001), subsequently gaining more during re-alimentation (RES: 2.5 kg/day, ADLIB: 1.4 kg/day; P < 0.001). Systemic insulin response to glucose administration was lower in RES in period 1 ( P < 0.001) with no difference observed during period 2. The insulin signaling pathway in M. longissimus dorsi was enriched ( P < 0.05) in response to dietary restriction but not during re-alimentation ( P > 0.05). Genes differentially expressed in the insulin signaling pathway suggested a greater sensitivity to insulin in skeletal muscle, with pleiotropic effects of insulin signaling interrupted during dietary restriction. Collectively, these results indicate increased sensitivity to glucose clearance and skeletal muscle insulin signaling during dietary restriction; however, no overall role for insulin was apparent in expressing compensatory growth.

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Effects of Zinc Source and Level on Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Metabolic Hormone Concentrations of Growing and Finishing Lambs11The authors were supported by funds from the New Mexico Agric. Exp. Sta., Las Cruces. Appreciation is expressed to Zinpro Corp., Edina, MN, for partial financial support. We also acknowledge the National Hormone and Pituitary Program from supplying assay materials. Technical support was provided by M. Birch, B. Christensen, F. Schneider, A. Ortiz, K. Hayth, D. Graham, and B. Gardner.

The Professional Animal Scientist ◽

10.15232/s1080-7446(15)32579-1 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 149-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

R.A. Berrie ◽

D.M. Hallford ◽

M.L. Galyean ◽

A.L. Brundage ◽

T.W. White

Keyword(s):

New Mexico ◽

Financial Support ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Technical Support ◽

Zinc Source ◽

Metabolic Hormone ◽

Partial Financial Support

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Implications of early-life indicators for survival rate, subsequent growth performance, and carcass characteristics of commercial pigs1

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz223 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (8) ◽

pp. 3313-3325 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Zhikai K Zeng ◽

Pedro E Urriola ◽

Jenelle R Dunkelberger ◽

John M Eggert ◽

Roos Vogelzang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Compensatory Growth ◽

Mixed Model ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Segmented Regression ◽

Limited Information ◽

Subsequent Growth ◽

Linear Effect

Abstract As a result of genetic selection for increased litter size, modern, highly prolific sows often produce large litters with an increased percentage of light birth weight (BiW) piglets compared with less prolific females. However, there is limited information elucidating what proportion of light BiW piglets that express compensatory growth and how these pigs might be identified at a young age. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of birth weight and early phase growth on preweaning mortality, subsequent growth performance, and carcass characteristics of pigs. Individual records collected on 7,654 commercial crossbred pigs were used for analyses. A segmented regression model was used to analyze the effect of birth weight on preweaning survival and a series of mixed models were used to analyze the effect of birth weight (n = 7,654) group on weights recorded at: weaning (n = 6,777), nursery exit (n = 4,805), and finishing exit (n = 1,417); hot carcass weight (HCW), and lean percentage (n = 4,572). The effect of growth rate group was defined during suckling (< 225 or ≥ 225 g/d) or the nursery phase (< 424 or ≥ 424 g/d). Preweaning mortality, growth rate, BW, and carcass traits were adjusted to a standard age, and ADG and lean percentage were calculated. Results of segmented regression analysis showed that the slope of preweaning mortality on birth weights below 0.99 kg differed (P < 0.05) from the slope of preweaning mortality regressed on birth weights above 0.99 kg. The mixed model analyses showed a positive linear effect (P < 0.05) of BiW and quadratic effect (P < 0.05) of sow parity on age-adjusted finishing weight (FiW), HCW, and lean percentage. The positive influences of increasing BiW were greater (P < 0.05) in age-adjusted FiW and HCW for pigs with slow suckling growth rate compared with those with fast suckling growth rate. Pigs with fast nursery growth rate had greater (P < 0.05) age-adjusted FiW and HCW compared with the slow growing nursery contemporaries. In conclusion, piglets born weighing less than 1 kg were at a higher risk of preweaning mortality than piglets born weighing 1 kg or greater. Light BiW pigs, but not heavy BiW pigs, may lose compensatory growth capability if growth rate during the suckling phase is below the average level.

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