Effects of feed restriction during pregnancy on maternal reproductive outcome, foetal hepatic IGF gene expression and offspring performance in the rabbit

Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of trace mineral nutrition on sow performance, mineral content, and intestinal gene expression of neonate piglets when inorganic mineral sources (ITM) were partially replaced by their organic mineral (OTM) counterparts. At 35 d post-mating, under commercial conditions, a total of 240 hyperprolific multiparous sows were allocated into three experimental diets: 1) ITM: with Zn, Cu, and Mn at 80, 15, and 60 mg/kg, respectively; 2) Replace: with a 30 % replacement of ITM by OTM, resulting in ITM + OTM supplementation of Zn (56 + 24 mg/kg), Cu (10.5 + 4.5 mg/kg), and Mn (42 + 18 mg/kg); and 3) Reduce and replace (R&R): reducing a 50 % of the ITM source of Zn (40 + 24 mg/kg), Cu (7.5 + 4.5 mg/kg), and Mn (30 + 18 mg/kg). At farrowing, 40 piglets were selected, based on birth weight (light: < 800 g, and average: > 1,200 g), for sampling. Since the present study aimed to reflect results under commercial conditions, it was difficult to get an equal parity number between the experimental diets. Overall, no differences between experimental diets on sow reproductive performance were observed. Light piglets had a lower mineral content (P < 0.05) and a downregulation of several genes (P < 0.10) involved in physiological functions compared to their average littermates. Neonate piglets born from Replace sows had an upregulation of genes involved in functions like: Immunity and Gut barrier, compared to those born from ITM sows (P < 0.10), particularly in light piglets. In conclusion, the partial replacement of ITM by their OTM counterparts represents an alternative to the totally inorganic supplementation with improvements on neonate piglet gene expression, particularly in the smallest piglets of the litter. The lower trace mineral storage together with the greater downregulation of gut health genes exposed the immaturity and vulnerability of small piglets.

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Effect of residual feed intake phenotype–nutritional treatment interaction on the growth performance, plasma metabolic variables and somatotropic axis gene expression of growing ewes

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an14700 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 56 (10) ◽

pp. 1593 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. T. Nie ◽

Z. Y. Wang ◽

S. Lan ◽

H. Zhang ◽

Y. J. Wan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Growth Hormone ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Mrna Abundance ◽

Feed Restriction ◽

Somatotropic Axis ◽

Nutritional Treatment ◽

Treatment Interaction ◽

Ad Libitum

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of residual feed intake (RFI) phenotype and nutritional treatment interaction on the growth performance, plasma variables and gene expression levels within the somatotropic axis. Growing ewes [n = 52, initial bodyweight (BW) = 17.5 ± 0.5 kg, 2 months of age] were offered ad libitum access to diets for 63 days and ranked based on RFI phenotype. Thirty ewes with the highest and lowest RFI values were selected and randomly assigned to three nutritional treatments based on dry matter intake (DMI), which are ad libitum (AL), low restriction (LR) and high restriction (HR) groups, respectively. Each nutritional treatment group included ewes with high (n = 5) and low RFI (n = 5) values. During nutritional treatment (from Day 64 to Day 138), plasma samples were obtained to measure metabolite and hormone concentrations. Tissues of the hypothalamus, pituitary, liver, and Longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) were harvested at the end of the experiment (Day 138) to measure the gene expression level within the somatotropic axis. Muscle growth hormone receptor mRNA abundance of low RFI ewes tended to be greater (P = 0.09) under AL feeding, but this difference was abolished by underfeeding (P > 0.10). Low RFI ewes under HR treatment showed slightly greater growth performance, which was accompanied with lower pituitary somatostain receptor 2 mRNA abundance (P < 0.05), plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentration (P < 0.05), and greater concentration of triglyceride (P < 0.05), compared with ewes classified as high RFI group. Our results suggested that ewes categorised as low RFI showed higher resistance to the condition of high feed restriction, which might be attributed to less intensity of fat mobilisation under negative energy balance. The mechanism underlying resistance to such feed restriction was presumably through action of somatostain receptor 2 and was potentially mediated by inhibitory effects of somatostatin on growth hormone release but not basal growth hormone secretion.

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Ovarian and hepatic insulin-like growth factor-I gene expression and associated metabolic responses in prepubertal gilts subjected to feed restriction and refeeding

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.1390143 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 139 (1) ◽

pp. 143-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

S. T. Charlton ◽

J. R. Cosgrove ◽

D. R. Glimm ◽

G. R. Foxcroft

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Follicular Fluid ◽

Feed Restriction ◽

Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽

Factor I ◽

Igf I ◽

Growth Factor I ◽

Plasma Gh ◽

I Gene

ABSTRACT The effects of feed restriction and refeeding on ovarian and hepatic insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) gene expression, systemic and ovarian IGF-I concentrations and on associated metabolic changes were measured in prepubertal gilts. Eleven pairs of littermate gilts (70·7 ± 4·7 kg) were placed on a maintenance level of feeding for 7 days (days 1–7). On day 8, littermates were either fed at a maintenance level of energy or fed to appetite for a further 6 days. Blood samples were taken on day 13 (07.00–16.00 h) to determine plasma insulin and IGF-I, and on day 14 (02.00–06.00 h) to determine plasma GH levels. Following slaughter on day 14, one ovary from each animal was retained to measure follicular fluid IGF-I and oestradiol concentrations. The remaining ovary and a sample of liver were retained for IGF-I mRNA analysis using a ribonuclease protection assay. Six days of refeeding significantly increased plasma IGF-I (P<0·005) and basal insulin (P<0·05) but there was no effect on plasma GH. Ovarian follicular volume and diameter were significantly larger after refeeding (P<0·05), with no effect on follicular fluid oestradiol concentrations. Mean follicular fluid IGF-I concentrations were unaffected by treatment. However, the relationships between individual follicular IGF-I concentrations, absolute follicular fluid IGF-I contents and follicle volume were affected by feeding level (P<0·05). Regression analysis of the same data also revealed that at this stage of maturity, small follicles had greater follicular fluid concentrations of IGF-I than larger follicles. Refeeding increased the amount of IGF-I mRNA in hepatic but not ovarian tissue. We conclude that there is differential regulation of the IGF-I gene in porcine hepatic and ovarian tissues, and that ovarian factors other than, or as well as, IGF-I are involved in the regulation of ovarian responses to refeeding. Journal of Endocrinology (1993) 139, 143–152

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Feed restriction alters lipogenic and adipokine gene expression in visceral and subcutaneous fat depots in lamb

Livestock Science ◽

10.1016/j.livsci.2016.04.007 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 188 ◽

pp. 48-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jinli Yang ◽

Xinxing Lu ◽

Xianzhi Hou ◽

Hairong Wang ◽

Caixia Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Feed Restriction ◽

Fat Depots

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Effects of selection for low residual feed intake and feed restriction on gene expression profiles and thyroid axis in pigs

10.31274/etd-180810-505 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Sender Lkhagvadorj

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Gene Expression Profiles ◽

Residual Feed Intake ◽

Feed Restriction ◽

Thyroid Axis ◽

Selection For

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Gene expression of regulatory enzymes involved in the intermediate metabolism of sheep subjected to feed restriction

animal ◽

10.1017/s1751731112001589 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 439-445 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

S. van Harten ◽

R. Brito ◽

A.M. Almeida ◽

T. Scanlon ◽

T. Kilminster ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Feed Restriction ◽

Regulatory Enzymes ◽

Intermediate Metabolism

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Nutritional Regulation of Mammary Gland Development and Milk Synthesis in Animal Models and Dairy Species

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12040523 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 523

Author(s):

Cathy Hue-Beauvais ◽

Yannick Faulconnier ◽

Madia Charlier ◽

Christine Leroux

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Mammary Gland Development ◽

Mammary Development ◽

Feed Restriction ◽

Nutritional Regulation ◽

Milk Component ◽

Lipid Supplementation ◽

Gland Development

In mammals, milk is essential for the growth, development, and health. Milk quantity and quality are dependent on mammary development, strongly influenced by nutrition. This review provides an overview of the data on nutritional regulations of mammary development and gene expression involved in milk component synthesis. Mammary development is described related to rodents, rabbits, and pigs, common models in mammary biology. Molecular mechanisms of the nutritional regulation of milk synthesis are reported in ruminants regarding the importance of ruminant milk in human health. The effects of dietary quantitative and qualitative alterations are described considering the dietary composition and in regard to the periods of nutritional susceptibly. During lactation, the effects of lipid supplementation and feed restriction or deprivation are discussed regarding gene expression involved in milk biosynthesis, in ruminants. Moreover, nutrigenomic studies underline the role of the mammary structure and the potential influence of microRNAs. Knowledge from three lactating and three dairy livestock species contribute to understanding the variety of phenotypes reported in this review and highlight (1) the importance of critical physiological stages, such as puberty gestation and early lactation and (2) the relative importance of the various nutrients besides the total energetic value and their interaction.

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