Lactose versus Lactose Free Regimen in Children with Acute Diarrhea

BACKGROUND: Acute diarrhea (AD) is the most frequent gastroenterological disorder, and the main cause of dehydration in childhood, and it is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in children. AIM: Assessment of lactose-free formula effect in nutritional treatment in formula-fed children with acute diarrhea. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-section interventional study carried out on 60 formula-fed children, under two years, referring with acute diarrhea, 30 children obtain lactose-free formulation and 30 children with no lactose-containing formula. According to the period of diarrheal stop and weight, changes compering two groups. RESULTS: Thirty-two males and 28 females children (7.25 ± 5.1 months) included. Children with lactose-free formula had a significantly slighter dated to diarrhea relief compared with control group children (p < 0.01). No variance between two groups in weight change (6.9 ± 3.03 vs. 7.05 ± 3.07 kg, p = 0.2). (46.6%) of patients on Lactose free formula were discharged on the third post admission day, lactose-free formula has more effective recovery to those on cow milk formula (4.1 ± 1.2 vs. 6 ± 1.3 days, p < 0.01 significant). CONCLUSION: Quick giving of lactose-free formulation to children on formula feeding show rapid relief of acute diarrhea.

Clinical and Nutritional Impact of a Semi-Elemental Hydrolyzed Whey Protein Diet in Patients with Active Crohn’s Disease: A Prospective Observational Study

Background: Malnourishment is a common complication in patients with Crohn’s disease. Methods: An observational, prospective study was conducted to assess the nutritional status, disease activity, and stool frequency at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment with a semi-elemental diet in patients with active Crohn’s disease. Results: A total of 144 patients with Crohn’s disease were included. The nutritional status improved after treatment, resulting in 76.1% of patients at low risk of malnourishment, 20.4% moderately malnourished, and 8.5% severely malnourished after 12 weeks of treatment. Nutritional status improvement was associated with the number of nutritional supplements. Mean albumin levels and body mass index (BMI) improved after 12 weeks of nutritional treatment (from 3.0 g/dL to 3.7 g/dL and from 20.2 kg/m2 to 21.1 kg/m2, respectively). A significant decrease in HBI was found after 12 weeks of nutritional treatment (from 10.2 to 3.7). The mean number of stools per day decreased with the 12 week semi-elemental diet (from 4.6 stools/day to 1.7 stools/day). Conclusion: In this observational study, the semi-elemental diet seemed effective in improving the nutritional status, disease activity, and stool frequency in patients with active Crohn’s disease.

Nutritional Approaches for the Management of Metabolic Acidosis in Chronic Kidney Disease

Metabolic acidosis is a severe complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) which is associated with nefarious impairments such as bone demineralization, muscle wasting, and hormonal alterations, for example, insulin resistance. Whilst it is possible to control this condition with alkali treatment, consisting in the oral administration of sodium citrate or sodium bicarbonate, this type of intervention is not free from side effects. On the contrary, opting for the implementation of a targeted dietetic-nutritional treatment for the control of CKD metabolic acidosis also comes with a range of additional benefits such as lipid profile control, increased vitamins, and antioxidants intake. In our review, we evaluated the main dietary-nutritional regimens useful to counteract metabolic acidosis, such as the Mediterranean diet, the alkaline diet, the low-protein diet, and the vegan low-protein diet, analyzing the potentialities and limits of every dietary-nutritional treatment. Literature data suggest that the Mediterranean and alkaline diets represent a valid nutritional approach in the prevention and correction of metabolic acidosis in CKD early stages, while the low-protein diet and the vegan low-protein diet are more effective in CKD advanced stages. In conclusion, we propose that tailored nutritional approaches should represent a valid therapeutic alternative to counteract metabolic acidosis.

Nutritional Treatment in Crohn’s Disease

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) which can affect any part of the whole gastrointestinal tract (from mouth to anus). Malnutrition affects 65–75% of CD patients, and it is now well acknowledged that diet is of paramount importance in the management of the disease. In this review, we would like to highlight the most recent findings in the field of nutrition for the treatment of CD. Our analysis will cover a wide range of topics, from the well-established diets to the new nutritional theories, along with the recent progress in emerging research fields, such as nutrigenomics.

Nutritional Treatment of Patients Operated on for Acute Mesenteric Ischemia

Objective: Acute mesenteric ischemia is a surgical emergency. During the course of treatment, most of the patients require nutritional treatment. However, achieving nutritional goals may not be always possible. This study aimed to investigate nutritional management of the patients who were operated on for acute mesenteric ischemia. Materials and Methods: Patients who were diagnosed and hospitalized for acute mesenteric ischemia between 2015 and 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Nutritional management of patients was studied in terms of hospital length of stay, mortality rate and achieving of nutritional goals. Results: Thirty patient were included in the study and 18 patient received nutritional treatment. Median length of stay was 28.5 (range:9-220) days. Target nutrition goals were only achieved in 11 patients (61%). Overall mortality rate for nutritional treatment group was 50%. There was no significant difference between the patients whose treatment objectives were achieved or failed in terms of length of stay (p=0.375) or mortality [(p=0.630 (95% CI0,237-10,809)]. Conclusion: The management of nutritional treatment of acute mesenteric ischemia patients is challenging. Achieving the nutritional goals may not be possible in many patients.

The use of specialized products of children’s dietary medical nutrition for children with organic aciduria (acidemia)

Целью данного исследования было изучить эффективность и переносимость специализированных продуктов детского диетического лечебного питания у детей с наследственными нарушениями обмена аминокислот с рождения до трех лет. Проведено открытое, многоцентровое, проспективное, неконтролируемое исследование. В исследование включены 8 пациентов с установленным диагнозом в возрасте от рождения до 2 лет 11 месяцев. Пациенты были распределены на группы в зависимости от диагноза и вида исследуемого продукта (ИП). Оценка эффективности проводилась в соответствии с принципами надлежащей клинической практики, на основании полученных клинических и лабораторных данных. На протяжении всего исследования все пациенты успешно принимали ИП. Диспепсических явлений, аллергических реакций, ухудшения соматического и неврологического статуса не зарегистрировано ни в одном случае. На фоне лечения зафиксированы оптимальные уровни нейротоксичных метаболитов в крови и моче. Показана высокая клиническая эффективность ИП у детей с наследственными нарушениями обмена аминокислот с рождения до трех лет. To assess the efficacy, safety and tolerability of the products specialized children's dietary nutritional therapy in children with Inherited disorders of amino acid metabolism from birth to three years. 8 children from birth to 2y 11m with verified diagnoses were enrolled in this open-label multicenter prospective non-controlled study. Patients were separated to the groups depending on diagnose and nutritional treatment products. Clinical efficacy of the products was assessed according to the Good Clinical Practice guidelines based on clinical and laboratory tests. All patients taken nutritional treatment products throughout the study. No dyspepsia, allergic reactions, impairment of somatic and neurological status were reported. After the treatment, levels of neurotoxic metabolites in the blood and urine were optimal. Nutritional therapy is highly effective in children with Inherited disorders of amino acid metabolism from birth to three years.