Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) silage in dairy cow rations reduces ruminal biohydrogenation and increases transfer efficiencies of unsaturated fatty acids from feed to milk

Four sheep cannulated in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used in a 4 × 4 cross-over design to investigate the effects of ruminal fatty acid (FA) infusion on duodenal and serum FA profiles. The diets were composed of 85.7% natural grassland hay and 8.6% concentrate supplemented with 5.7% soy oil for diet SO, 5.7% emulsified soy oil for diet ESO, 6.7% calcium salts of soy or palm FA for diets CaSSO and CaSP, respectively. Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isoenergetic; total FA content in dry matter was 6.4–6.6%. Characteristics of ruminal fermentation were not affected by source or physical form of FA. The proportion of stearic acid in the duodenal flow (% of the total C18) was high compared with total diet, e.g., 49.8 vs. 3.5 and 54.3 vs. 9.4% for soy and palm diets, respectively. Ruminal biohydrogenation and unsaturated FA was lower for CaS diets than for SO and ESO diets (48.7 and 60.9 vs. 81.2 and 94.7%, for oleic and linoleic acids, respectively). As a result, trans-vaccenic acid levels in duodenal flow and serum (% or total FA) were lower for the CaS diets than for SO and ESO diets (8.3 vs. 36.0% and 0.9 vs. 7.8%, respectively). Unsaturated FA as CaS were partly protected against ruminal biohydrogenation, and can be effective in increasing intestinal absorption of unsaturated FA. Key words: Unsaturated fatty acids, soy oil, calcium salts, biohydrogenation, sheep

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Influence of fish oil on ruminal biohydrogenation of C18 unsaturated fatty acids

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn20061783 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 95 (6) ◽

pp. 1199-1211 ◽

Cited By ~ 86

Author(s):

I. Wąsowska ◽

M. R. G. Maia ◽

K. M. Niedźwiedzka ◽

M. Czauderna ◽

J. M. C. Ramalho Ribeiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Butyrivibrio Fibrisolvens ◽

Isomerase Activity ◽

Epa And Dha ◽

Pure Cultures ◽

Ruminal Biohydrogenation

Dietarycis-9,trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is generally thought to be beneficial for human health. Fish oil added to ruminant diets increases the CLA concentration of milk and meat, an increase thought to arise from alterations in ruminal biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids. To investigate the mechanism for this effect,in vitroincubations were carried out with ruminal digesta and the main biohydrogenating ruminal bacterium,Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. Linoleic acid (LA) or α-linolenic acid (LNA) was incubated (1·67g/l) with strained ruminal digesta from sheep receiving a 50:50 grass hay–concentrate ration. Adding fish oil (up to 4·17g/l) tended to decrease the initial rate of LA (P=0·025) and LNA (P=0·137) disappearance, decreased (P<0·05) the transient accumulation of conjugated isomers of both fatty acids, and increased (P<0·05) the accumulation oftrans-11-18:1. Concentrations of EPA (20:5n-3) or DHA (22:6n-3), the major fatty acids in fish oil, were low (100mg/l or less) after incubation of fish oil with ruminal digesta. Addition of EPA or DHA (50mg/l) to pure cultures inhibited the growth and isomerase activity ofB. fibrisolvens, while fish oil had no effect. In contrast, similar concentrations of EPA and DHA had no effect on biohydrogenation of LA by mixed digesta, while the addition of LA prevented metabolism of EPA and DHA. Neither EPA nor DHA was metabolised byB. fibrisolvensin pure culture. Thus, fish oil inhibits ruminal biohydrogenation by a mechanism which can be interpreted partly, but not entirely, in terms of its effects onB. fibrisolvens.

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Effects of dietary calcium soaps of unsaturated fatty acids on digestion, milk composition and physical properties of butter

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029996002075 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

pp. 181-195 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

FRANCIS ENJALBERT ◽

MARIE CLAUDE NICOT ◽

CORINE BAYOURTHE ◽

MICHELE VERNAY ◽

RAYMOND MONCOULON

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Control Diet ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Maize Silage ◽

Ruminal Biohydrogenation

Dairy cows fitted with ruminal, duodenal and ileal cannulas were utilized to investigate the effects of feeding with Ca soaps (CaS) of palm fatty acids (FA) and rapeseed FA. Diets compared were control diet based on maize silage and concentrate, and two diets with 40 g CaS of palm oil FA or rapeseed oil FA/kg diet, replacing part of the concentrates of the control diet. Total digestibilities of dry matter, fibre and fat, and ruminal fermentation were not significantly altered by giving CaS; the extent of ruminal biohydrogenation of total unsaturated C18 FA was significantly reduced by both CaS diets. Apparent intestinal digestibility of FA was not different among diets, although the amount of FA absorbed with the CaS diets was twice that with the control diet. No difference among diets was observed for milk production, or fat and protein contents. Giving CaS diets decreased the proportions of 4[ratio ]0 to 14[ratio ]0 FA in milk fat, and increased cis-18[ratio ]1n−9, compared with control diet. The rapeseed diet lowered the content of 16[ratio ]0, and increased the contents of 18[ratio ]0 and trans-18[ratio ]1n−7. CaS diets did not result in a marked increase of polyunsaturated FA content in milk fat. Butter from cows fed on the CaS diets contained more liquid fat at 6 and 14°C than butter from the cows fed on the control diet. Incorporating CaS, particularly those from rapeseed, in dairy cows' diets increased C18 FA in milk and improved butter spreadability.

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In Vitro Versus in Situ Ruminal Biohydrogenation of Unsaturated Fatty Acids from a Raw or Extruded Mixture of Ground Canola Seed/Canola Meal

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(03)73613-3 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 86 (1) ◽

pp. 351-359 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

F. Enjalbert ◽

P. Eynard ◽

M.C. Nicot ◽

A. Troegeler-Meynadier ◽

C. Bayourthe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Canola Meal ◽

Canola Seed ◽

Ruminal Biohydrogenation

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Feeding micronized and extruded flaxseed to dairy cows: Effects on digestion and ruminal biohydrogenation of long-chain fatty acids

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/a04-003 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 84 (4) ◽

pp. 705-711 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

C. Gonthier ◽

A. F. Mustafa ◽

R. Berthiaume ◽

H. V. Petit ◽

D. R. Ouellet

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Dairy Cow ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Control Diet ◽

Latin Square ◽

Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Ruminal Biohydrogenation ◽

Long Chain ◽

Matter Basis

Four lactating Holstein cows fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulae were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square study to determine the effects of feeding micronized and extruded flaxseed on ruminal biohydrogenation (BH) and digestibility of fatty acids (FA) in the gastrointestinal tract. Four diets were formulated: a control diet with no flaxseed (C); a raw flaxseed diet (RF); a micronized flaxseed diet (MF); and an extruded flaxseed diet (EF). Flaxseed diets contained 126 g kg-1 flaxseed (dry matter basis). Experimental periods (n = 4) consisted of 21 d of diet adaptation and 7 d of data collection. Flaxseed supplementation increased (P < 0.05) intake of individual long-chain FA, reduced (P < 0.05) ruminal BH of total unsaturated C18, and increased (P < 0.05) duodenal flow of individual long-chain FA except for C18:2. Feeding flaxseed increased (P < 0.05) post-ruminal digestibility of C18:1, C18:2, and C18:3 and total tract digestibility of C16:0, C18:2, C18:3, and of total long-chain FA. Heat treatment had no effect on ruminal BH, duodenal flow and digestibility of unsaturated FA. Ruminal BH of C18:3 was higher (P < 0.05), while the duodenal flow of C18:3 was lower (P < 0.05) for cows fed EF than for those fed MF. Intake and duodenal flow of C16:0 were higher (P < 0.05) for cows fed MF relative to those fed EF. It was concluded that inclusion of flaxseed in dairy cow diets increased duodenal flow of polyunsaturated FA. However, heat treatments were not effective in protecting unsaturated FA from ruminal BH. Key words: Flaxseed, ruminal biohydrogenation, fatty acid, heat treatment

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