Potential of Tannin and Nano-encapsulated Unsaturated Fatty Acids to Reduce Methane Production and Ruminal Biohydrogenation in The Rumen

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Ruminal Biohydrogenation

Effect of different forms of polyunsaturated fatty acids on duodenal and serum fatty acid profiles in sheep

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Enjalbert ◽  
M. C. Nicot ◽  
D. Griess ◽  
M. Vernay ◽  
R. Moncoulon
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Soy Oil ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Serum Fatty Acid ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Ruminal Biohydrogenation

Four sheep cannulated in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used in a 4 × 4 cross-over design to investigate the effects of ruminal fatty acid (FA) infusion on duodenal and serum FA profiles. The diets were composed of 85.7% natural grassland hay and 8.6% concentrate supplemented with 5.7% soy oil for diet SO, 5.7% emulsified soy oil for diet ESO, 6.7% calcium salts of soy or palm FA for diets CaSSO and CaSP, respectively. Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isoenergetic; total FA content in dry matter was 6.4–6.6%. Characteristics of ruminal fermentation were not affected by source or physical form of FA. The proportion of stearic acid in the duodenal flow (% of the total C18) was high compared with total diet, e.g., 49.8 vs. 3.5 and 54.3 vs. 9.4% for soy and palm diets, respectively. Ruminal biohydrogenation and unsaturated FA was lower for CaS diets than for SO and ESO diets (48.7 and 60.9 vs. 81.2 and 94.7%, for oleic and linoleic acids, respectively). As a result, trans-vaccenic acid levels in duodenal flow and serum (% or total FA) were lower for the CaS diets than for SO and ESO diets (8.3 vs. 36.0% and 0.9 vs. 7.8%, respectively). Unsaturated FA as CaS were partly protected against ruminal biohydrogenation, and can be effective in increasing intestinal absorption of unsaturated FA. Key words: Unsaturated fatty acids, soy oil, calcium salts, biohydrogenation, sheep

scholarly journals Influence of fish oil on ruminal biohydrogenation of C18 unsaturated fatty acids

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 1199-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Wąsowska ◽  
M. R. G. Maia ◽  
K. M. Niedźwiedzka ◽  
M. Czauderna ◽  
J. M. C. Ramalho Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Butyrivibrio Fibrisolvens ◽  
Isomerase Activity ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Ruminal Biohydrogenation

Dietarycis-9,trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is generally thought to be beneficial for human health. Fish oil added to ruminant diets increases the CLA concentration of milk and meat, an increase thought to arise from alterations in ruminal biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids. To investigate the mechanism for this effect,in vitroincubations were carried out with ruminal digesta and the main biohydrogenating ruminal bacterium,Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. Linoleic acid (LA) or α-linolenic acid (LNA) was incubated (1·67g/l) with strained ruminal digesta from sheep receiving a 50:50 grass hay–concentrate ration. Adding fish oil (up to 4·17g/l) tended to decrease the initial rate of LA (P=0·025) and LNA (P=0·137) disappearance, decreased (P<0·05) the transient accumulation of conjugated isomers of both fatty acids, and increased (P<0·05) the accumulation oftrans-11-18:1. Concentrations of EPA (20:5n-3) or DHA (22:6n-3), the major fatty acids in fish oil, were low (100mg/l or less) after incubation of fish oil with ruminal digesta. Addition of EPA or DHA (50mg/l) to pure cultures inhibited the growth and isomerase activity ofB. fibrisolvens, while fish oil had no effect. In contrast, similar concentrations of EPA and DHA had no effect on biohydrogenation of LA by mixed digesta, while the addition of LA prevented metabolism of EPA and DHA. Neither EPA nor DHA was metabolised byB. fibrisolvensin pure culture. Thus, fish oil inhibits ruminal biohydrogenation by a mechanism which can be interpreted partly, but not entirely, in terms of its effects onB. fibrisolvens.

Sunflower Oil andNannochloropsis oculataMicroalgae as Sources of Unsaturated Fatty Acids for Mitigation of Methane Production and Enhancing Diets’ Nutritive Value

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1751-1759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali S. Gomaa ◽  
Ahmed E. Kholif ◽  
Abdelkader M. Kholif ◽  
Reda Salama ◽  
Hamza A. El-Alamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Effects of dietary calcium soaps of unsaturated fatty acids on digestion, milk composition and physical properties of butter

1997 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCIS ENJALBERT ◽  
MARIE CLAUDE NICOT ◽  
CORINE BAYOURTHE ◽  
MICHELE VERNAY ◽  
RAYMOND MONCOULON
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Ruminal Biohydrogenation

Dairy cows fitted with ruminal, duodenal and ileal cannulas were utilized to investigate the effects of feeding with Ca soaps (CaS) of palm fatty acids (FA) and rapeseed FA. Diets compared were control diet based on maize silage and concentrate, and two diets with 40 g CaS of palm oil FA or rapeseed oil FA/kg diet, replacing part of the concentrates of the control diet. Total digestibilities of dry matter, fibre and fat, and ruminal fermentation were not significantly altered by giving CaS; the extent of ruminal biohydrogenation of total unsaturated C18 FA was significantly reduced by both CaS diets. Apparent intestinal digestibility of FA was not different among diets, although the amount of FA absorbed with the CaS diets was twice that with the control diet. No difference among diets was observed for milk production, or fat and protein contents. Giving CaS diets decreased the proportions of 4[ratio ]0 to 14[ratio ]0 FA in milk fat, and increased cis-18[ratio ]1n−9, compared with control diet. The rapeseed diet lowered the content of 16[ratio ]0, and increased the contents of 18[ratio ]0 and trans-18[ratio ]1n−7. CaS diets did not result in a marked increase of polyunsaturated FA content in milk fat. Butter from cows fed on the CaS diets contained more liquid fat at 6 and 14°C than butter from the cows fed on the control diet. Incorporating CaS, particularly those from rapeseed, in dairy cows' diets increased C18 FA in milk and improved butter spreadability.

scholarly journals Enzymatic hydrolysis of floatable fatty wastes from dairy and meat food-processing industries and further anaerobic digestion

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 985-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Pascale ◽  
J. J. Chastinet ◽  
D. M. Bila ◽  
G. L. Sant̀Anna ◽  
S. L. Quitério ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Flotation Process ◽  
Commercial Enzyme ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Initial Ph

Abstract The wastewater from food-processing industries is generally heavily charged with lipids and proteins. Flotation process is commonly applied to separate the hydrophobic material phase, producing flotation froth, a waste that has high levels of fats and proteins. Enzymatic hydrolysis may be used to overcome the difficulty of fat biotransformation in a subsequent anaerobic digestion. In the present work, wastes from the flotation process of two industries (dairy and poultry slaughterhouse) were hydrolyzed with a commercial lipase and without enzyme addition (control). The effect of adjusting the pH at the beginning of the hydrolytic assays was also investigated. The long chain free fatty acids (LCFAs) released were identified and quantified and 5-d digestion assays were conducted with the hydrolyzed material. The results indicated that the hydrolysis assays conducted with initial pH adjusted to 7.0 and the utilization of a commercial enzyme promoted a higher increase in amounts of LCFAs, particularly of unsaturated acids. In most anaerobic digestion assays, the specific methane production showed a decreasing trend with the increase of unsaturated fatty acids in the medium. In general, the utilization of a commercial enzyme (lipase) in the hydrolysis process did not contribute to enhancing methane production in 5-d anaerobic digestion assays.

scholarly journals Methane production and soluble carbohydrates in the rumen of sheep in relation to the time of feeding and the effects of short-term intraruminal infusions of unsaturated fatty acids

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 813-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Clapperton ◽  
J. W. Czerkawski
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Time Of Feeding ◽  
Soluble Part

1. The daily methane production of sheep given sugar-beet pulp was greater than that of sheep given hay. The rates of methane production on both diets increased during feeding and then decreased to an apparently steady value. When no food was given the rates of methane production continued to fall exponentially with a half-life of about 24 h.2. Mixtures of unsaturated long-chain fatty acids infused into the rumen during feeding inhibited the production of methane. The inhibition was greater when the sheep were given hay than when they were given sugar-beet pulp.3. In general the concentration of soluble carbohydrates in the rumen increased during feeding and fell rapidly to the values found before feeding as soon as the sheep finished eating. The infusion of unsaturated fatty acids during feeding did not result in an accumulation of soluble carbohydrate in the rumen.4. It is suggested that the rapid methane production during feeding was associated with fermentation of the more soluble part of the diet and that the fermentation of carbohydrate was not inhibited by the infused fatty acids. The results are consistent with specific inhibition of methanogenesis by unsaturated fatty acids.

scholarly journals In Vitro Versus in Situ Ruminal Biohydrogenation of Unsaturated Fatty Acids from a Raw or Extruded Mixture of Ground Canola Seed/Canola Meal

2003 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 351-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Enjalbert ◽  
P. Eynard ◽  
M.C. Nicot ◽  
A. Troegeler-Meynadier ◽  
C. Bayourthe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
Ruminal Biohydrogenation

scholarly journals The metabolism of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids by sheep with reference to their effects on methane production

1966 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Czerkawski ◽  
K. L. Blaxter ◽  
F. W. Wainman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Double Bond ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Heat Of Combustion ◽  
Energy Retention ◽  
Made In

1. Nine experiments, each with one of six sheep with cannulated rumens given a constant diet of dried grass, were made in which oleic, linoleic or linolenic acid was infused into the rumen and energy and lipid metabolism were measured. One experiment was made in which palmitic acid was given. 2. Judged by changes in the composition of isolated fatty acids, the unsaturated fatty acids were hydrogenated in the rumen. An increase in the excretion of lipid in the faeces occurred when the unsaturated acids were given. The heat of combustion of the faeces increased by 12.6±3.0 kcal/100 kcal fatty acid, of which 94% was accounted for by the additional lipid. 3. Methane production fell when the unsaturated fatty acids were infused, the decreases being 13.8±1.6 kcal CH4;/I00 kcal oleic acid, 14.2±1.5 kcal CH4/100 kcal linoIeic acid and 16.4±1.3 kcal CH4/100 kcal Iinolenic acid. The introduction of a double bond into an n-alkyl acid was calculated to reduce methane production by 0.24±0.09 moles/mole double bond. 4. Because the depression of methane production on infusing the fatty acids exceeded the increase in the heat of combustion of the faeces, the metabolizable energy of the fatty acids was 104.1±5.3% of their heat of combustion. 5. The efficiencies with which the fatty acids were used to promote energy retention were 74.6±5.7% for oleic acid, 79.2±2.0 % for linoleic acid and 82.5±3.0% for linolenic acid. These efficiencies agreed with those noted in experiments by others with rats, horses and pigs given glycerides, but were higher than those noted by others when glycerides were added to the diets of ruminants.

scholarly journals Insects as Novel Ruminant Feed and a Potential Mitigation Strategy for Methane Emissions

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2648
Author(s):  
Eslam Ahmed ◽  
Naoki Fukuma ◽  
Masaaki Hanada ◽  
Takehiro Nishida
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Environmental Benefit ◽  
Grass Hay

This study is the first to evaluate the chemical composition and impacts of four different edible insects, Acheta domesticus (A.d), Brachytrupes portentosus (B.p), Gryllus bimaculatus (G.b), and Bombyx mori (B.m), on the digestibility, rumen fermentation, and methane production when used as a substitute for 25% of the soybean meal (SBM) in a ruminant diet through in vitro incubation. The dietary treatments were 100% grass hay, 60% grass hay + 40% SBM, 60% grass hay + 30% SBM + 10% A.d, 60% grass hay + 30% SBM + 10% B.p, 60% grass hay + 30% SBM + 10% G.b, and 60% grass hay + 30% SBM + 10% B.m. The experiment was conducted as a short-term batch culture for 24 h at 39 °C, and the incubation was repeated in 3 consecutive runs. Chemical analysis of the insects showed that they were rich in fat (14–26%) with a high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids (60–70%). Additionally, the insects were rich in protein (48–61%) containing all essential amino acids and the amino acid profiles of the insects were almost the same as that of SBM. The inclusion of insects did not affect nutrient digestibility or the production of volatile fatty acids but did increase the production of ammonia-nitrogen. The addition of G.b and B.m led to decrease in methane production by up to 18% and 16%, respectively. These results reveal that substitution of 25% SBM in the diet with the tested insects had no negative impacts, and their potential to reduce methane production is an environmental benefit.

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