16. Sows with a higher weaning number had a higher subsequent farrowing rate reduction in the most stressful fertility season

Severe drooling is associated with discomfort and psychosocial problems and may constitute a health risk. A variety of different surgical and non-surgical treatments have been used to diminish drooling, some of them with little or uncertain effect and others more effective but irreversible or with side effects. Based on clinical evidence, injection with botulinum toxin (BTX) into the parotid and submandibular glands is a useful treatment option, because it is local, reversible, and with few side effects, although it has to be repeated. The mechanism of BTX is a local inhibition of acetylcholine release, which diminishes receptor-coupled secretion and results in a flow rate reduction of 25–50% for 2–7 months.

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On the Causes of Socio-Economic Inequality Reproduction: What Does Resources Approach Show?

Voprosy Ekonomiki ◽

10.32609/0042-8736-2014-7-144-160 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 144-160

Author(s):

E. Avraamova ◽

T. Maleva

Keyword(s):

Social Dynamics ◽

Economic Inequality ◽

Poverty Rate ◽

Economic Behavior ◽

Sample Survey ◽

Family Welfare ◽

Rate Reduction ◽

Rational Models ◽

Information Database ◽

Vertical Mobility

This paper presents an attempt at answering the question of why the scope of socio-economic inequality stays the same in Russia despite the poverty rate reduction. The authors are looking for the causes of this phenomenon in the domain of social dynamics, i.e., in the nature of current vertical mobility mechanisms. To study these mechanisms the authors use resources approach. The information database of the research is the representative sample survey carried by the Institute for Social Analysis and Forecasting at RANEPA in 2013. The majority of the respondents have, in fact, vague idea of general parameters of the economic development of the country and of their personal prospects to adapt to possible changes. This state of things hinders the development of rational models of socio-economic behavior directed towards the growth of personal and family welfare and productive in terms of national economy development - these, eventually, would advance the reduction of socio-economic inequality. Various groups of population are predominantly oriented towards converting social capital viewed not in terms of trust and solidarity, but in terms of ties or connections and of personal loyalty.

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Oscillating conditions for influencing the composition of mixed biological cultures

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1998.0640 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 37 (4-5) ◽

pp. 259-262 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bjarne R. Horntvedt ◽

Morten Rambekk ◽

Rune Bakke

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Specific Growth ◽

Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Rate Reduction ◽

Similar Strategy ◽

Sinusoidal Oscillations ◽

Specific Growth Rates ◽

Rate Limiting ◽

Concentration Levels

This paper presents a strategy in which mixed biological cultures are exposed to oscillating concentration levels, to improve the potential for coexistence of desired bacterial species. A mechanistic mathematical model is constructed to investigate and illustrate this strategy. This paper is focused on competition between nitrifying, denitrifying and aerobic heterotrophic bacteria in a CSTR with sludge recycle. For nitrifying and aerobic heterotrophic cultures, the effect of sinusoidal oscillations in DO levels with an amplitude of 1.0 mg/l is a 16% specific growth rate reduction compared to that at a constant DO level. The denitrifiers growth rate is increased by an average of 59%, compared to the constant DO level situation. A similar strategy has been tested in a pilot plant. It is concluded that the influence on specific growth rates is a function of the amplitude of the oscillations. The effects are greatest when concentrations fluctuate around the half saturation concentration of the rate limiting component(s).

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Role of Heart Rate Reduction in the Management of Myocarditis

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612824666180111105923 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 365-378 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chen Guang-Yi ◽

Ge Li-Sha ◽

Li Yue-Chun

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Nitrosative Stress ◽

Ventricular Remodeling ◽

Animal Experiments ◽

Viral Myocarditis ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Heart Rate Reduction ◽

Rate Reduction ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Biological Technique

The morbidity of myocarditis demonstrates an upward tendency by years, is commonly defined as the inflammation of myocytes and is caused by multiple factors. With the development of the molecular biological technique, great breakthroughs in the diagnosis and understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms of myocarditis have recently been achieved. Several questions remain unresolved, however, including standard treatment approaches to myocarditis, which remain controversial and ambiguous. Heart rate, as an independent risk factor, has been shown to be related to cardiac disease. Recent studies also show that the autonomic nervous system is involved in immunomodulatory myocarditis processes. Heart rate reduction treatment is recommended in myocarditis based on a number of animal experiments and clinical trials. It is possible that heart rate-lowering treatments can help to attenuate the inflammatory response and myocyte injury and reverse ventricular remodeling. However, how to execute the protective effects of heart rate reduction on myocarditis is still not clear. In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis and pathophysiological process of viral myocarditis and propose heart rate lowering as a therapeutic target for myocarditis, especially in light of the third-generation β-blockade carvedilol and funny channel blocker ivabradine. We also highlight some additional beneficial effects of such heart rate reduction agents, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidation, anti-nitrosative stress, anti-fibrosis and antiapoptosis properties.

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Effects of Buserelin on day of service or 12 days post service on farrowing rate and litter size to first service in outdoor sows and gilts

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200003318 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 1999 ◽

pp. 176-176

Author(s):

A.R. Peters ◽

L.A. Dwyer ◽

A. Dawson ◽

P.A. Canham ◽

J.D. Mackinnon

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Litter Size ◽

East Anglia ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Prolonged Weaning ◽

Breeding Herd ◽

Commercial Breeding ◽

Buserelin Treatment ◽

Seasonal Infertility ◽

Farrowing Rate

The problem of seasonal infertility in pigs has been recognised for many years. The infertility complex can may be manifested by increased returns to service, prolonged weaning to oestrus intervals and decreased litter size. The purpose of this trial was to evaluate the effects of Buserelin treatment on fertility in sows and gilts during the seasonally infertile period.A total of 1231 mixed parity sows and gilts from five outdoor herds in East Anglia were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups. Any sows not presented for service at first post weaning oestrus were excluded. All sows and gilts judged to be in adequate health and condition to be kept in a commercial breeding herd were included. Group C sows and gilts were given no treatment. Group R1 sows and gilts were injected i.m. with 8μg Buserelin (2.0ml Receptal; Hoechst Roussel Vet UK Ltd) on the day of service.

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Transient heart rate reduction improves acute decompensated heart failure‐induced left ventricular and coronary dysfunction

ESC Heart Failure ◽

10.1002/ehf2.13094 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nicolas Peschanski ◽

Najah Harouki ◽

Matthieu Soulie ◽

Marianne Lachaux ◽

Lionel Nicol ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Acute Decompensated Heart Failure ◽

Decompensated Heart Failure ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Heart Rate Reduction ◽

Rate Reduction

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Heart Rate Reduction Strategy Improves Survival in Children with Severe Dilated Cardiomyopathy

The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation ◽

10.1016/j.healun.2021.01.384 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. S122

Author(s):

R. Adorisio ◽

E. Mencarelli ◽

N. Cantarutti ◽

L. Amato ◽

M. Ciabattini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽

Heart Rate Reduction ◽

Rate Reduction ◽

Reduction Strategy

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Rapid Multi-Hybridisation FISH Screening for Balanced Porcine Reciprocal Translocations Suggests a Much Higher Abnormality Rate Than Previously Appreciated

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10020250 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 250

Author(s):

Rebecca E O’Connor ◽

Lucas G Kiazim ◽

Claudia C Rathje ◽

Rebecca L Jennings ◽

Darren K Griffin

Keyword(s):

Semen Analysis ◽

In Situ Hybridisation ◽

Economic Loss ◽

Environmental Damage ◽

Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation ◽

Reciprocal Translocations ◽

Chromosome Translocations ◽

Farrowing Rate ◽

Significant Economic Loss

With demand rising, pigs are the world’s leading source of meat protein; however significant economic loss and environmental damage can be incurred if boars used for artificial insemination (AI) are hypoprolific (sub-fertile). Growing evidence suggests that semen analysis is an unreliable tool for diagnosing hypoprolificacy, with litter size and farrowing rate being more applicable. Once such data are available, however, any affected boar will have been in service for some time, with significant financial and environmental losses incurred. Reciprocal translocations (RTs) are the leading cause of porcine hypoprolificacy, reportedly present in 0.47% of AI boars. Traditional standard karyotyping, however, relies on animal specific expertise and does not detect more subtle (cryptic) translocations. Previously, we reported development of a multiple hybridisation fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) strategy; here, we report on its use in 1641 AI boars. A total of 15 different RTs were identified in 69 boars, with four further animals XX/XY chimeric. Therefore, 4.5% had a chromosome abnormality (4.2% with an RT), a 0.88% incidence. Revisiting cases with both karyotype and FISH information, we reanalysed captured images, asking whether the translocation was detectable by karyotyping alone. The results suggest that chromosome translocations in boars may be significantly under-reported, thereby highlighting the need for pre-emptive screening by this method before a boar enters a breeding programme.

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