Liver Biopsy Tissue—Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) Viral Load is the only Gold Standard Diagnostic Assay in Inactive Viral Hepatitis Patients

2010 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. A44
Author(s):  
P. Selvam ◽  
M. Chandramohan ◽  
S.C. Vivekananthan ◽  
D. Sivakumar ◽  
M. Suresh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Diagnostic Assay ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Biopsy Tissue ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals HCV Seroreactivity and Detection of HCV RNA in Hepatitis Cases

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (02) ◽  
pp. 074-077
Author(s):  
Mahantesh B Nagamoti ◽  
Chidanand S Patil ◽  
Jyoti M Nagamoti
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Liver Pathology ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Cellular Carcinoma ◽  
Routine Investigations

ABSTRACT Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) known to be associated with wide variety of liver pathology. It is less studied in India as compared to western region. Methods: Suspected patients sera screened for HCV by ELISA and confirmed with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) along with routine investigations and liver profile. All HCV positive patients were undergone liver biopsy. Results: All 24 HCV ELISA reactive and two ELISA indeterminate sera are confirmed by RT- PCR. The liver biopsy of these patients showed normal picture (19.2%), Acute hepatitis (11.5%), Chronic hepatitis (23.7%), Cirrhosis (34.72%), Hepato-cellular carcinoma (HCC) (15.38%). ALT levels were not significant. Conclusion: All the suspected HCV cases need to be confirmed for HCV by RT-PCR.

scholarly journals Current Avenues for COVID-19 Serology

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (02) ◽  
pp. 087-090
Author(s):  
Saumya Srivastava ◽  
Vidhi Jain ◽  
Vijaya Lakshmi Nag ◽  
Sanjeev Misra ◽  
Kuldeep Singh
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Diagnostic Assays ◽  
Polymerase Chain

AbstractDevelopment of rapid, reliable, and easy diagnostic tests with high-throughput is the need of the hour for laboratories combating the COVID-19 pandemic. While real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the gold standard for diagnosing active infections, it is expensive and time-consuming. Serological diagnostic assays with a premise to aid rapid contact tracing, immune status determination, and identification of potential convalescent plasma donors hold great promise. Timely diagnosis, effective treatment, and future prevention are key to management of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Performance comparison of two malaria rapid diagnostic test with real time polymerase chain reaction and gold standard of microscopy detection method

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puspa Wardhani ◽  
Trieva Verawaty Butarbutar ◽  
Christophorus Oetama Adiatmaja ◽  
Amarensi Milka Betaubun ◽  
Nur Hamidah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background: The diagnostic test for malaria is mostly based on Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) and detection by microscopy. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is also a sensitive detection method that can be considered as a diagnostic tool. The outcome of malaria microscopy detection depends on the examiner's ability and experience. Some RDT has been distributed in Indonesia, which needs to be evaluated for their results. Objective: This study aimed to compare the performance of RightSign RDT and ScreenPlus RDT for detection of Plasmodium in human blood. We used specific real-time polymerase chain reaction abTESTMMalaria qPCRII) and gold standard of microscopy detection method to measure diagnostic efficiency. Methods: Blood specimens were evaluated using RightSign RDT, ScreenPlus RDT, Microscopy detection, and RT-PCR as the protocol described. The differences on specificity (Sp), sensitivity (Sn), positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were analyzed using McNemar and Kruskal Wallis analysis. Results: A total of 105 subjects were recruited. Based on microscopy test, RightSign RDT had sensitivity, Specificity, PPV, NPV, 100%, 98%, 98.2%, 100%, respectively. ScreenPlus showed 100% sensitivity, 98% specificity, 98.2% PPV, 100% NPV. The sensitivity of both RDTs became lower (75%) and the specificity higher (100 %) when using real-time PCR. Both RDTs showed a 100% agreement. RT-PCR detected higher mix infection when compared to microscopy and RDTs. Conclusion: RightSign and ScreenPlus RDT have excellent performance when using microscopy detection as a gold standard. Real-time PCR method can be considered as a confirmation tool for malaria diagnosis.

AN EPIDEMIOLOGY-CLINICAL CORRELATION OF VIRAL LOAD AS MEASURED BY CYCLE THRESHOLD VALUE BY RT-PCR IN COVID-1

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Atrikumar P. Patel ◽  
Palak Shah ◽  
Pavan Acharya ◽  
Monila N. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Clinical Correlation ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Oropharyngeal Swab ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The 2019 novel coronavirus [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)] was rst documented in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and spread across the globe resulting in [1]. signicant global morbidity and mortality Diagnosis of COVID-19 is mainly done by nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab RT-PCR (Reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction). Real time RT-PCR is of great interest today for detection of SARS- CoV-2 due to its benets as a specic assay.

scholarly journals Dynamic Prediction of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR status on Chest Radiographs using Deep Learning Enabled Radiogenomics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Hang Keith Chiu ◽  
Dmytro Poplavskiy ◽  
Sailong Zhang ◽  
Philip Leong Ho Yu ◽  
Michael D. Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Chest Imaging ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Dynamic Prediction ◽  
Specialized Equipment ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) is the gold standard for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but requires specialized equipment and reagents and suffers from long turnaround times. While valuable, chest imaging currently only detects COVID-19 pneumonia, but if it can predict actual RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 status is unknown. Radiogenomics may provide an effective and accurate RT-PCR-based surrogate. We describe a deep learning radiogenomics (DLR) model (RadGen) that predicts a patient's RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 status solely from their frontal chest radiograph (CXR).

scholarly journals maxRatio improves the detection of samples with abnormal amplification profiles on QIAgen’s artus HIV-1 qPCR assay

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1030
Author(s):  
Luigi Marongiu ◽  
Eric B. Shain ◽  
Marianna Martinelli ◽  
Matteo Pagliari ◽  
Heike Allgayer
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
External Standard ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

Background: Accurate viral load (VL) determination is paramount to determine the efficacy of anti-HIV-1 therapy. The conventional method used, fit-point (FP), assumes an equal efficiency in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) among samples that might not hold for low-input templates. An alternative approach, maxRatio, was introduced to compensate for inhibition in PCR. Methods: Herein, we assessed whether maxRatio could improve VL quantification using 2,544 QIAgen artus HI virus-1 RT-PCR reactions. The assay’s standard dilutions were used to build external standard curves with either FP or maxRatio that re-calculated the VLs. Results: FP and maxRatio were highly comparable (Pearson’s ρ=0.994, Cohen’s  κ=0.885), and the combination of the two methods identified samples (n=41) with aberrant amplification profiles. Conclusions: The combination of maxRatio and FP could improve the predictive value of the assay.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF VARIOUS CLINICAL STAGES OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS B THROUGH MEASURING VIRUS LOAD DNA BY REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (RT-PCR)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Subhash Kumar Saw ◽  
MD. Mohammad Sohail ◽  
Jainendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Objective and Aim: There was a paradigm shift of hepatitis B (CHB) diagnosis as clinicians are shifted to molecular diagnostic methods from serological one. Specially in molecular system to determine response of treatment as well as different stages of infection as well as recovery by quantification of viral DNA load through real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The main objective of the study is to determine the various clinical stages of chronic hepatitis B through measuring virus load DNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) Material and Methods: This is a retrospective study of those patients whose ALT (elevated) and HBeAg (positive) status is known. Serum fraction were initially obtained after 4 hour centrifugation of blood sample and nucleic acid was extracted at -80 °C. Qiagen DNA extraction kit were used to extract DNA. 48-well MiniOpticon by Bio-red machine and with the help of Geno-sense HBV quantitative PCR kit, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was conducted. Result: The study was conducted in 64 patients. It has been found that among this patients inactive carriers that is ALT normal and HBeAg-negative were 27 (42.2%) and rest of the patients had HBeAg-positive or HBeAg-negative with ALT elevated that is they were chronic active hepatitis B patients. HBeAg was negative in 42 (65.6%) and positive in 22 (33.4%) subjects. 15 (23%) patients were infected with Chronic hepatitis B among the patients who were HBeAg-negative. Among 64 subjects, detectable viral load was found in 55 (86%) CHB patients. A significantly lower (median 5.6 × 105) serum HBV DNA load were found in HBeAg-negative16 patients as compare to 26 patients with higher viral load (median 2.5 × 108) and were HBeAg-positive. It has also found that viral load was quite higher (median 1.5 × 103) in 27 inactive carriers. Antiviral therapy was started in HBeAg-negative 6 patients and HBeAg-positive 13 patients based on the viral load. Conclusion: Stages of CHB can be determined by Quantitation of HBV DNA based on ALT (elevated or not) and HBeAg (positive or negative) status. For those patients who are inactive carriers and HBeAg-negative with respect to viral load it could play an important role in assessment and to decide on antiviral therapy.

scholarly journals Is a stable positive rate of <0.1% an indication of a fresh outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Boretti
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Government

This letter gives a short analysis of the rate of positive SARS-CoV-2 tests in New Zealand and the restrictions that were implemented in response to these rates changing. Concerned about the growth of the number of positive cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the New Zealand government introduced stricter lockdown measures on August 16, 2020, and on August 18, 2020, it postponed elections planned for September. Growth in the number of positive cases was an artifact of the number of tests growing at a higher rate than the number of positive cases. The positive rate on August 16 was 0.05% (13 positive cases from 26,014 tests). On August 2, the positive rate was higher at 0.18% (three positive cases from 1,692 tests), despite the government considering that the virus was eradicated at this time. A better approach to this pandemic would be the development of policies based on the positive rate, not solely on positive case numbers, and to include viral load using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests with an appropriate cycle threshold to properly identify infectious cases. It is also advised to protect vulnerable populations and avoid unnecessary limitations to the healthy population. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic will last longer than several months, and the sooner life gets back to nearly normal, the better.

scholarly journals maxRatio improves the detection of samples with abnormal amplification profiles on QIAgen’s artus HIV-1 qPCR assay

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1030
Author(s):  
Luigi Marongiu ◽  
Eric B. Shain ◽  
Marianna Martinelli ◽  
Matteo Pagliari ◽  
Heike Allgayer
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
External Standard ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

Background: Accurate viral load (VL) determination is paramount to determine the efficacy of anti-HIV-1 therapy. The conventional method used, fit-point (FP), assumes an equal efficiency in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) among samples that might not hold for low-input templates. An alternative approach, maxRatio, was introduced to compensate for inhibition in PCR. Methods: Herein, we assessed whether maxRatio could improve VL quantification using 2,544 QIAgen artus HI virus-1 RT-PCR reactions. The assay’s standard dilutions were used to build external standard curves with either FP or maxRatio that re-calculated the VLs. Results: FP and maxRatio were highly comparable (Pearson’s ρ=0.994, Cohen’s  κ=0.885), and the combination of the two methods identified samples (n=41) with aberrant amplification profiles. Conclusions: The combination of maxRatio and FP could improve the predictive value of the assay.

scholarly journals DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE (DBD) DAN NS1 ANTIGEN UNTUK DETEKSI DINI INFEKSI AKUT VIRUS DENGUE

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meddy Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Dengue Shock Syndrome ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Ns1 Antigen ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) atau Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) disebabkan oleh infeksi virus dengue. Virus dengue merupakan virus RNA yang termasuk ke dalam famili flaviviridae , genus flavivirus dan ada 4 serotipe yang berbeda yaitu DEN1, DEN 2, DEN 3, dan DEN 4. Keempat serotipe terdapat di Indonesi a dengan dominasi DEN 3 dan DEN 2.   Dengue ini merupakan penyakit arbovirus endemik yang saat ini telah menjangkiti lebih dari 100 negara, baik  yang terletak di dae rah tropik maupun su btropik. WHO memperkirakan sekitar 50-100 juta ka sus infeksi virus dengue terjadi setiap tahun, menghasilkan 250.000-500.000 kasus demam berdarah dengue dan  24.000 kematian setiap tah unnya. Virus dengue ini dapat ditularkan melalui gigitan nyamuk Aedes aegyp ti dan Aedes albopictus sebagai vektornya dengan masa inkubasi ra ta-rata 4-6 hari. Infeksi virus dangue dapat menyebabkan manifestasi kilinis yang bervariasi mulai dari asimtomatik sampai manifestasi klinis  yang berat yang mengakibatka n kematian. Demam dengue atau dengue fever merupakan manifestasi klinis yang ringan, sedangkan DBD/DHF dan  Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS) merupakan manifestasi klinis  yang berat.  Berbagai teori yang menjelaskan patogenesis DBD dan DSS banyak bermunculan dan saling kontroversi. Pada saat ini teori yang banyak dianut adalah teori Antibody Dependent Enhancement (ADE). Menurut teori ini, infeksi sekunder yang disebabkan oleh virus dengue dengan serotipe yang berbeda dengan infeksi primer akan menimbul kan antibodi heterologous yang dibentuk pada infeksi pertama namun tidak bisa mengeliminasi virus dengue pada infeksi sekunder (bersifat subnetralisasi) bahkan antibodi tersebut bersifat opsonis asi sehingga sel target menjadi lebih mudah di infeksi oleh virus dan  menyebabkan manifestasi klinis yang lebih berat.  Saat ini telah tersedia berbagai teknik pemeriksaan untuk mendeteksi infeksi virus dengue yaitu  pemeriksaan kultur dan isolasi  virus, RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction), serologi (anti dengue lgG dan lgM) dan juga pemeriksaan hematologi rutin. Kultur virus atau PCR saat ini dianggap sebagai gold standard untuk mendeteksi virus dengue, namun memiliki keterbatasan dalam hal biaya dan teknis pengerjaannya. Pemeriksaan  serologi anti dengue lgG dan lgM yang dike rjakan secara rutin di laboratorium juga  memiliki ketrbatasan yaitu tidak dapat mendeteksi infeksi dengan lebih aw al.  Saat ini telah dikembangkan suatu pemeriksaan baru terhadap antigen non struktural-1 dengue (NS1) yang  dapat mendeteksi infeksi virus dengue dengan  lebih awal bahkan pada hari pertama ons et demam.

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