Decline of physical and cognitive conditions in the elderly measured through the functional reach test and the mini-mental state examination

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Costarella ◽  
Lucilla Monteleone ◽  
Roberto Steindler ◽  
Stefano Maria Zuccaro
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Functional Reach ◽  
Functional Reach Test ◽  
State Examination

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF PROPENSITY TO FALLS IN MALE AND FEMALE ELDERLY AND ITS CORRELATION BETWEEN THE BALANCE AND COGNITION LEVEL

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Élcio Alves Guimarães ◽  
Kennedy Rodrigues Lima ◽  
Flávia Fernandes Oliveira ◽  
Renato Mota da Silva ◽  
Lucas Resende Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Other ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Functional Reach ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Fall ◽  
State Examination

Background: Aging is a dynamic, progressive and physiological process, accompanied by morphological and functional changes, as well as biochemical and psychological changes, resulting in a decrease in the functional reserve of organs and system. With aging, functional losses occur, so the elderly have a greater predisposition to falls. Objective: To compare the propensity to falls between elderly men and women correlating with the level of cognition and balance. Methods: The sample consisted of 60 elderly people, of which 30 were male and 30 were female both aged 65 to 80 years. The propensity to falls was assessed using the “Timed Up and Go” and “Functional Reach” tests, and the state of cognition was assessed by the test “Mini-Mental State Examination”. Results: The results obtained with Time Up and Go, Functional Reach and the Mini-Mental State Examination, indicated that, as the values of one of the variables increase, the values of the other variable increase too; as the values of one of the variables decrease, the values of the other variable increase too. Conclusions: It can be concluded that there was no increased risk of fall when compared the genders; but the female presented altered cognitive deficit.

Physical and Psychical Conditions Decline of Older People With Age, Measured by Functional Reach Test and by Mini Mental State Examination

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Costarella ◽  
Lucilla Monteleone ◽  
Roberto Steindler ◽  
Stefano Maria Zuccaro
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Temporal Orientation ◽  
Functional Reach ◽  
Functional Reach Test ◽  
Physical Performances ◽  
State Examination

There are several tests to value the psychophysical characteristics of older people and, among all, the most suitable to this aim are here considered the Functional Reach (FR) test, as an index of the aptitude to maintain balance in upright position, and the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), as a global index of cognitive abilities. The sample of older people we have analysed concerns 50 healthy subjects divided into three groups according to the age (15 from 55 to 64 years old, 19 from 65 to 74 years old, and 16 more than 75 years old); they underwent a FR test, which consists first in the measurement of the anthropometric characteristics, then in the execution of the test itself, and finally in the study of the upright posture carried out analysing the Centre of Pressure (COP) trend; they underwent as well a MMSE to value the main areas of the cognitive function concerning the space-temporal orientation, the short-term memory, the attention ability, the calculus ability and the praxis-constructive ability. The results of these tests show, according to the age, a loss both of the physical performances (FR, FR related to height, and COP displacement), and of the cognitive abilities (MMSE); however, in all cases, the only significant changes are those between the first and the other two groups of age. A comparison between the results of male and female subjects inside the three groups, although the results of the males are generally superior to the female ones, is never significant; moreover, the differences of the FR tests, in particular, are completely not significant if compared to the height of the subjects. Finally, a comparison between FR and MMSE shows a quicker decline of the physical performances with regard to the cognitive ones.

The Elderly Expectations of the Caregiver’s Sociodemographic Preferences: a Qualitative Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Gondodiputro ◽  
Dahlia Santika Hutasoit ◽  
Lina Rahmiati
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Family Members ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Community Volunteer ◽  
The Family ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
State Examination

Prevalence of chronic diseases and disability will increase at the advancing age. In the future, the need for the caregiver will increase. Only few studies about the expectations of the elderly towards the sociodemographics status of the caregiver found. Unfulfilled expectations of the elderly towards their caregivers may cause both health and non-health issues. The purpose of this study was to explore the elderly expectations of the caregiver’s sociodemographic preferences. A qualitative study was carried out to 7 elderly aged 64–77 years old from July to August 2018 in Bandung city. These elderly selected from 7 integrated care posts (pos pembinaan terpadu/posbindu) that met the inclusion criteria: aged 60 years old and above; male or female; capable of communicating adeptly, and no dementia by undergoing the mini-mental state examination (MMSE). A one-on-one interview was conducted at the residence of the elderly using an interview guide consisted of several opened questions related to the caregiver’s sociodemographic preferences. A content analysis was carried out. This study discovered that the elderly preferred their family members or relatives whom they can trust to become their caregivers (their children and grandchildren). Most of these elderly also preferred daughters who live with them and has a decent income. If the family members could not become their caregiver then their neighbor or a community volunteer/cadre, they knew well, and trust to be their caregiver. It concluded that the elderly prefer their daughters who live with them and has a decent income to be their caregivers. EKSPEKTASI USIA LANJUT TERHADAP STATUS SOSIODEMOGRAFI CAREGIVER: SUATU PENDEKATAN KUALITATIFPrevalensi penyakit kronis dan disablilitas akan meningkat dengan pertambahan usia. Hal ini berdampak pada kebutuhan terhadap caregiver akan meningkat pula. Penelitian tentang ekspektasi usia lanjut terhadap status sosiodemografi caregiver belum banyak dilakukan. Ekspektasi usia lanjut merupakan faktor penting karena bila ekspektasi tersebut tidak terpenuhi maka akan berisiko timbul masalah kesehatan dan nonkesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini mengeksplorasi ekspektasi usia lanjut terhadap status sosiodemografi caregiver. Studi kualitatif dilakukan terhadap 7 orang usia lanjut berusia 64–77 tahun pada Juli hingga Agustus 2018 di Kota Bandung. Para usia lanjut berasal dari 7 pos pembinaan terpadu (posbindu) yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, yaitu usia ≥60 tahun, laki-laki atau perempuan, dapat berkomunikasi dengan baik, dan tidak demensia dengan dilakukan mini-mental state examination (MMSE). Wawancara dilakukan di kediaman informan masing-masing menggunakan panduan wawancara terkait pertanyaan dengan preferensi sosiodemografi caregiver. Analisis konten dilakukan. Studi ini menemukan bahwa usia lanjut lebih memilih anggota keluarga mereka yang dapat dipercaya untuk menjadi caregiver terutama anak dan cucu. Anak perempuan yang tinggal bersama usia lanjut dan memiliki penghasilan layak menjadi pilihan utama. Jika anggota keluarga tidak dapat menjadi caregiver maka tetangga atau kader yang mereka kenal baik dan dipercaya menjadi pilihan. Simpulan, pilihan utama caregiver bagi usia lanjut, yaitu anak perempuan mereka yang tinggal bersama dan memiliki penghasilan layak.

The Diagnosis of Dementia in the Elderly a Comparison of CAMCOG (the Cognitive Section of CAMDEX), the AGECAT Program, DSM–III, the Mini-Mental State Examination and Some Short Rating Scales

1991 ◽  
Vol 159 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Blessed ◽  
S. E. Black ◽  
T. Butler ◽  
D. W. K. Kay
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Visual Deficits ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽  
Organic Syndrome ◽  
State Examination

The performance of CAMCOG, the cognitive section of the CAMDEX, is compared in a non-random sample of 222 elderly people with diagnoses based on agecat and on DSM–III criteria, and with the MMSE and some short rating scales. With a cut-off point of 69/70 and agecat organic syndrome as the criterion, the sensitivity of CAMCOG was 97% and the specificity 91%. However, 21% of DSM–III diagnoses of dementia scored above this cut-off; these were mostly mild cases. The correlation between CAMCOG and MMSE scores was 0.87, and the advantage of CAMCOG may be more apparent in longitudinal studies. Multivariate analyses showed that CAMCOG scores are affected by age, sociocultural factors and hearing and visual deficits in addition to dementia, but not by depression. There was a suggestion that individual subsections are differentially affected.

scholarly journals Efficacy of an Integrated Training Device in Improving Muscle Strength, Balance, and Cognitive Ability in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-324
Author(s):  
Choong-Hee Roh ◽  
Da-Sol Kim ◽  
Gi-Wook Kim ◽  
Yu-Hui Won ◽  
Sung-Hee Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Training Device ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Functional Reach ◽  
Functional Reach Test ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Healthy Participants

Objective To determine the effects of an integrated training device for strength and balance on extremity muscle strength, postural balance, and cognition in older adults using a combination with various rehabilitation training games, in which balance, strength, and cognitive training were configured in a single device.Methods This prospective study included 20 healthy participants aged 65–85 years. Participants trained for 30 minutes daily, 3 days weekly, for 6 weeks with an integrated training device for strength and balance (SBT-120; Man&Tel Inc., Gumi, Korea). Main outcomes were measured using the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), Korean version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (K-MoCA), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), Functional Reach Test (FRT), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Manual Muscle Test. Measurements were taken at three time points: T0 (pretreatment), T1 (immediately after treatment), and T2 (4 weeks after treatment).Results All 20 patients completed the training, and TUG, FRT, and BBS scores significantly improved at T1 and T2 compared to T0. Mean TUG scores decreased by 0.99±2.00 at T1 and 1.05±1.55 at T2 compared to T0. Mean FRT scores increased by 6.13±4.26 at T1 and 6.75±4.79 at T2 compared to T0. BBS scores increased by 0.60±0.94 at T1 and 0.45±1.15 at T2 compared to T0. Moreover, muscle strength and cognition (K-MMSE and K-MoCA scores) increased after training.Conclusion Our findings suggest that an integrated training device for strength and balance can be a safe and useful tool for older adults.

scholarly journals Art Therapy on the Cognitive Function of Elderly with Dementia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Murdiyanti Prihatin Putri Dewi MPP
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Art Therapy ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
State Examination

<p><em>The aging process continues as time goes by and there will be an impairment of the organ. Decreased body functions that often appear one of them is a decrease in cognitive function. Most of the elderly experienced dementia by showing changes in behavior. This study was to identify the effect of  art therapy on cognitive function of the elderly with dementia with the design of this study was Quasy Experimental Pre-Post Control Goup Design. There were 82 respondents divided into control groups and intervention groups. Measurement of cognitive function of the elderly with dementia using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The result of the research showed that </em><em>there </em><em>wa</em><em>s a significant improvement of </em><em>the </em><em>cognitive function in </em><em>elderly</em><em> with dementi</em><em>a after a</em><em>rt therapy for 4 (four) weeks.</em><em> It can be concluded thatbrain exercise and art therapy exercise can be applied to increase cognitive function towards the elderly.</em></p>

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN ASUPAN ZAT GIZI MIKRO DAN AKTIVITAS FISIK DENGAN FUNGSI KOGNITIF LANSIA DI PUSKESMAS KEBON JERUK JAKARTA BARAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-126
Author(s):  
Harna Harna ◽  
Jesi Arianti ◽  
Rachmanida Nuzrina
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
State Examination

Latar Belakang. Seiring bertambahnya usia, tubuh akan mengalami proses penuaan, termasuk otak. Otak akan mengalami perubahan fungsi, termasuk fungsi kognitif berupa sulit mengingat kembali, berkurangnya kemampuan dalam mengambil keputusan dan lebih lamban bertindak. Fungsi memori merupakan salah satu komponen intelektual yang paling utama, karena sangat berkaitan dengan kualitas hidup. Banyak lansia mengeluh kemunduran daya ingat yang disebut sebagai mudah lupa. Tujuan. Untuk mengetahui hubungan asupan zat gizi mikro dan aktivitas fisik dengan fungsi kognitif lansia. Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan sampel sebanyak 45 responden anggota Kelompok Lansia Bahagia di Puskesmas Kebon Jeruk, Jakarta Barat. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2018. Data fungsi kognitif diperoleh dengan menggunakan kuesioner Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), data asupan menggunakan food record dan data aktivitas fisik diperoleh menggunakan metode Physical Activities Scale for the Elderly (PASE). Hasil. Responden berusia 61-65 tahun dengan jenis kelamin perempuan sebanyak 55,6 persen. Rata-rata asupan vitamin B6 yaitu 1,547±0,315 mg, asupan asam folat yaitu 200,99±10,26 mcg, asupan vitamin B12 yaitu 1,796±0,193 mcg, rata-rata aktivitas fisik yaitu 17,64±3,588 poin, riwayat penyakit yaitu 0,73±0,447 poin dan fungsi kognitif 25,01±3,103 poin. Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara asupan asam folat, asupan vitamin B12, dengan fungsi kognitif (p<0,05). Tidak terdapat hubungan antara asupan vitamin B6, aktivitas fisik, dan riwayat penyakit dengan fungsi kognitif (p>0,05). Kesimpulan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan asupan asam folat dan vitamin B12 dengan fungsi kognitif pada lansia. Tetapi tidak terdapat hubungan antara asupan vitamin B6, aktivitas fisik, dan riwayat penyakit dengan fungsi kognitif.

scholarly journals OVERVIEW OF COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN THE ELDERLY WITH VARIATIONS OF TOTAL REMAINING TEETH REVIEW FROM MINI-MENTAL STATE EXAMINATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 168-181
Author(s):  
Ifwandi ◽  
Dewi Saputri ◽  
Liana Rahmayani ◽  
Pocut Aya Sofya ◽  
Syahrial ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
State Examination

When a person reaches the elderly phase, the function of the body's organs decreases, which causes an increased risk of disease and death. Including dental infections such as caries and periodontal disease which are the main factors for tooth loss. Tooth loss does not only affect the impact of mastication but also affects a person's cognitive function. This condition occurs because when a person loses teeth, the function of the Periodontal Mechanoreceptors decreases, disrupting the function of the hippocampus which is important for memory in the brain. Loss of a large number of teeth tends to indicate low cognitive function, but several factors affect cognitive function, namely education level, Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, heart disease, depression, sleep disorders, head injury, physical activity, and a history of smoking. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is a tool to assess a person's cognitive function. This study aims to see the description of cognitive function in the elderly at the Geunaseh Sayang Nursing Home with variations in the number of tooth losses. This study was conducted with 43 research subjects with interviews and intra-oral examination methods. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the elderly who only have fewer teeth show a higher decline in cognitive function compared to the elderly with more teeth in the oral cavity. This is following the theory which states that the more teeth you lose, the lower your cognitive function will be. 

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