scholarly journals The cephalothoracic sucker of sea lice (Crustacea: Copepoda: Caligidae): The functional importance of cuticular membrane ultrastructure

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 101046
Author(s):  
Susumu Ohtsuka ◽  
Yusuke Nishida ◽  
Katsushi Hirano ◽  
Taiki Fuji ◽  
Tomonari Kaji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Lice ◽  
Functional Importance ◽  
Cuticular Membrane ◽  
Membrane Ultrastructure

Membrane microdomains: lessons from microscopy

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 776-777
Author(s):  
J.M. Robinson ◽  
J.M Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Membrane Microdomains ◽  
Membrane Domains ◽  
Lateral Heterogeneity ◽  
Functional Importance

Specialized regions of plasma membranes displaying lateral heterogeneity are the focus of this Symposium. Specialized membrane domains are known for certain cell types such as differentiated epithelial cells where lateral heterogeneity in lipids and proteins exists between the apical and basolateral portions of the plasma membrane. Lateral heterogeneity and the presence of microdomains in membranes that are uniform in appearance have been more difficult to establish. Nonetheless a number of studies have provided evidence for membrane microdomains and indicated a functional importance for these structures.This symposium will focus on the use of various imaging modalities and related approaches to define membrane microdomains in a number of cell types. The importance of existing as well as emerging imaging technologies for use in the elucidation of membrane microdomains will be highlighted. The organization of membrane microdomains in terms of dimensions and spatial distribution is of considerable interest and will be addressed in this Symposium.

Isotopically Labeled Desthiobiotin Azide (isoDTB) Tags Enable Global Profiling of the Bacterial Cysteinome

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick R. A. Zanon ◽  
Lisa Lewald ◽  
Stephan M. Hacker
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Mevalonate Pathway ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Functional Importance ◽  
Essential Proteins ◽  
Covalent Inhibitors ◽  
Druggable Targets ◽  
Covalent Ligands

Rapid development of bacterial resistance has led to an urgent need to find new druggable targets for antibiotics. In this context, residue-specific chemoproteomic approaches enable proteome-wide identification of binding sites for covalent inhibitors. Here, we describe isotopically labeled desthiobiotin azide (isoDTB) tags that are easily synthesized, shorten the chemoproteomic workflow and allow an increased coverage of cysteines in bacterial systems. We quantify 59% of all cysteines in essential proteins in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and discover 88 cysteines with high reactivity, which correlates with functional importance. Furthermore, we identify 268 cysteines that are engaged by covalent ligands. We verify inhibition of HMG-CoA synthase, which will allow addressing the bacterial mevalonate pathway through a new target. Overall, a comprehensive map of the bacterial cysteinome is obtained, which will facilitate the development of antibiotics with novel modes-of-action.

The Vascular Structure of the Kidney of Mallards and Doves

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1192-1193
Author(s):  
H. Ditrich
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Venous Drainage ◽  
Portal System ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Vascular Structure ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Functional Importance ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Primitive Feature

The architecture of the kidney of birds (and also reptiles) is, unlike in mammalians, mainly determined by the organization of the blood vascular system. Besides arterial supply and venous drainage, the renal portal system forms a main structural component. While the latter was often regarded as a “primitive” feature in the literature, morphological and physiological data reveal its great functional importance.Microvascular corrosion casts studied in the scanning electron microscope permit the visualization of minute vessels, retaining their 3D-arrangement. Additionally, when compared with graphical reconstructions of serial sections, this method avoids several inherent artifacts like fixation and dehydration shrinkage as well as the compression of the object by the sectioning blade. Most of the studies on avian kidneys with this technique used the domestic chicken as a model. In order to provide additional material for comparative and functional studies, data on the intrarenal vascular structure of other species are required.

scholarly journals The functional importance of the cellular and extracellular composition of the islets of Langerhans

2021 ◽  
pp. 100048
Author(s):  
Fredrik C. Wieland ◽  
Clemens A. van Blitterswijk ◽  
Aart van Apeldoorn ◽  
Vanessa L.S. LaPointe
Keyword(s):  
Islets Of Langerhans ◽  
Functional Importance

scholarly journals Exonuclease VII repairs quinolone-induced damage by resolving DNA gyrase cleavage complexes

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. eabe0384
Author(s):  
Shar-yin N. Huang ◽  
Stephanie A. Michaels ◽  
Brianna B. Mitchell ◽  
Nadim Majdalani ◽  
Arnaud Vanden Broeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Excision Repair ◽  
Dna Gyrase ◽  
Nuclease Activity ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Functional Importance ◽  
Quinolone Antibiotics ◽  
Repair Pathways ◽  
Exonuclease Vii

The widely used quinolone antibiotics act by trapping prokaryotic type IIA topoisomerases, resulting in irreversible topoisomerase cleavage complexes (TOPcc). Whereas the excision repair pathways of TOPcc in eukaryotes have been extensively studied, it is not known whether equivalent repair pathways for prokaryotic TOPcc exist. By combining genetic, biochemical, and molecular biology approaches, we demonstrate that exonuclease VII (ExoVII) excises quinolone-induced trapped DNA gyrase, an essential prokaryotic type IIA topoisomerase. We show that ExoVII repairs trapped type IIA TOPcc and that ExoVII displays tyrosyl nuclease activity for the tyrosyl-DNA linkage on the 5′-DNA overhangs corresponding to trapped type IIA TOPcc. ExoVII-deficient bacteria fail to remove trapped DNA gyrase, consistent with their hypersensitivity to quinolones. We also identify an ExoVII inhibitor that synergizes with the antimicrobial activity of quinolones, including in quinolone-resistant bacterial strains, further demonstrating the functional importance of ExoVII for the repair of type IIA TOPcc.

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