The impact of congestion charging on vehicle speed and its implications for assessing vehicle emissions

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (36) ◽  
pp. 6875-6884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean D. Beevers ◽  
David C. Carslaw
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Congestion Charging

scholarly journals CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF DRIVING CONDITIONS AND ON-ROAD EMISSIONS TRENDS FOR VEHICLES

2017 ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Jawad Hilmi Al-rifai
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
The Road ◽  
Grade Parameter ◽  
Road Grade ◽  
Driving Conditions ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents the impact of road grade, vehicle speed, number of vehicles and vehicle type on vehicle emissions. ANOVA analyses were conducted among different driving conditions and vehicle emissions to discover the significant effects of driving conditions on measured emission rates. This study is intended to improve the understanding of vehicle emission levels in Jordan. Gas emissions in real-world driving conditions were measured by a portable emissions measurement unit over six sections of an urban road. The road grade, speed, type and number of vehicles were found to have a significant influence on the rate of gas emissions. Road grade and diesel-fueled vehicles were positively correlated with average emission rates. The average emission rates were higher at speeds ranging between 60–69 km/hr than at three other speed ranges. The results of ANOVA showed a strong and consistent regression between rates of emissions measured and grade, speed and diesel vehicle parameters. The grade parameter contributed the most to the rate of emissions compared to other parameters. Gasoline vehicles contributed the least.

The Impact of Electric Hybrid Compressor to Make Transport Environmentally Friendly

2013 ◽  
Vol 391 ◽  
pp. 207-212
Author(s):  
Maciej Bajerlein
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Suspension Systems ◽  
Actual Operating ◽  
Vehicle Operation ◽  
Total Energy Balance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Road Emission ◽  
Speed Engine

This paper presents the investigations, whose aim was to determine the influence of the operation of electric and mechanical compressors on the energy consumption of city buses in public transport. The tests were performed on pneumatic systems used in city transit vehicles whose underlying component is a compressor generating pressure for the brake and suspension systems. Owing to the application of a portable analyzer - SEMTECH DS the emissions (with a secondly resolution) of CO, HC, NOx, CO2 in the exhaust gases were measured. The on-road emission tests were performed in the actual operating conditions in SORT driving tests. These tests reflect the actual vehicle operation in a real task through preset procedures of their realization and measurements determining the energy consumption and exhaust emissions or the influence of the vehicle accessories and all variables (vehicle speed, engine load, acceleration or distance covered) on the total energy balance. The on-road tests were performed on a runway of the Bednary airstrip in Poland.

scholarly journals Research on Spatial Channel Model for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication Channel in Roadside Scattering Environment

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Chen ◽  
Yong Fang ◽  
Weidong Xiang ◽  
Liang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Communication Channel ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
Critical Distance ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Angle Of Arrival ◽  
Vehicle To Vehicle ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Spatial Channel Model ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, an extension of spatial channel model (SCM) for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication channel in roadside scattering environment is investigated for the first time theoretically and by simulations. Subsequently, to efficiently describe the roadside scattering environment and reflect the nonstationary properties of V2V channels, the proposed SCM V2V model divides the scattering objects into three categories of clusters according to the location of effective scatterers by introducing critical distance. We derive general expressions for the most important statistical properties of V2V channels, such as channel impulse response, power spectral density, angular power density, autocorrelation function, and Doppler spread of the proposed model. The impact of vehicle speed, traffic density, and angle of departure, angle of arrival, and other statistical performances on the V2V channel model is thoroughly discussed. Numerical simulation results are presented to validate the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed model.

Application of LiDAR and Connected Vehicle Data to Evaluate the Impact of Work Zone Geometry on Freeway Traffic Operations

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (16) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle M. Mekker ◽  
Yun-Jou Lin ◽  
Magdy K. I. Elbahnasawy ◽  
Tamer S. A. Shamseldin ◽  
Howell Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Work Zone ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Connected Vehicle ◽  
Traffic Operations ◽  
Work Zones ◽  
Geometric Data ◽  
Vehicle Data ◽  
The Impact

Extensive literature exists regarding recommendations for lane widths, merging tapers, and work zone geometry to provide safe and efficient traffic operations. However, it is often infeasible or unsafe for inspectors to check these geometric features in a freeway work zone. This paper discusses the integration of LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging)-generated geometric data with connected vehicle speed data to evaluate the impact of work zone geometry on traffic operations. Connected vehicle speed data can be used at both a system-wide (statewide) or segment-level view to identify periods of congestion and queueing. Examples of regional trends, localized incidents, and recurring bottlenecks are shown in the data in this paper. A LiDAR-mounted vehicle was deployed to a variety of work zones where recurring bottlenecks were identified to collect geometric data. In total, 350 directional miles were covered, resulting in approximately 360 GB of data. Two case studies, where geometric anomalies were identified, are discussed in this paper: a short segment with a narrow lane width of 10–10.5 feet and a merging taper that was about 200 feet shorter than recommended by the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. In both case studies, these work zone features did not conform to project specifications but were difficult to assess safely by an inspector in the field because of the high volume of traffic. The paper concludes by recommending the use of connected vehicle data to systematically identify work zones with recurring congestion and the use of LiDAR to assess work zone geometrics.

Benchmarking Fuel Economy of Connected and Automated Vehicles in Real World Driving Conditions via Monte Carlo Simulation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreshta Rajakumar Deshpande ◽  
Shobhit Gupta ◽  
Dennis Kibalama ◽  
Nicola Pivaro ◽  
Marcello Canova
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Real World ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Driver Model ◽  
Traffic Information ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Instrumented Vehicle ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Connectivity and automation have accelerated the development of algorithms that use route and real-time traffic information for improving energy efficiency. The evaluation of such benefits, however, requires establishing a reliable baseline that is representative of a real-world driving environment. In this context, virtual driver models are generally adopted to predict the vehicle speed based on route data and presence of lead vehicles, in a way that mimics the response of human drivers. This paper proposes an Enhanced Driver Model (EDM) that forecasts the human response when driving in urban conditions, considering the effects of Signal Phasing and Timing (SPaT) by introducing the concept of Line-of-Sight (LoS). The model was validated against data collected on an instrumented vehicle driven on public roads by different human subjects. Using this model, a Monte Carlo simulation is conducted to determine the statistical distribution of fuel consumption and travel time on a given route, varying driver behavior (aggressiveness), traffic conditions and SPaT. This allows one to quantify the impact of uncertainties associated to real-world driving in fuel economy estimates.

Model of the Performance of a Roadway Safety Fence and Its Use for Design

1998 ◽  
Vol 1647 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark B. Bateman ◽  
Ian C. Howard ◽  
Andrew R. Johnson ◽  
John M. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Design Parameters ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Engineering Systems ◽  
Collapse Mechanisms ◽  
Development Costs ◽  
Roadway Safety ◽  
Sensitivity Studies ◽  
Complex Engineering ◽  
Alternative Designs ◽  
The Impact

The optimization of roadway safety design by experimental means is expensive and time consuming. Computer simulation of such complex engineering systems improves understanding of how and why the system behaves as it does, aids in decision making, and reduces development costs and time involved. The simulation presented is based on a computer model developed from a study of the results of full-scale experiments of impact on the Brifen wire-rope safety fence (WRSF). The code comprises a dynamic vehicle model and a quasi-static fence model interacting in time through the important collapse mechanisms of the system. The principles governing them are described and their inclusion is validated by demonstrating good correlation between the predictions of the simulation and the experimental test data. Sensitivity studies show that the performance of a WRSF is particularly sensitive to the impact conditions of vehicle speed and angle and the design parameters offence height, post spacing, post strength, and rope pre-tension. The sensitivity work is extended to show that for fences installed with a low rope pre-tension, performance may not be significantly impaired if rope pre-tension is not maintained. However, significant gains in fence performance may be made should a fence be installed and maintained with a high rope pre-tension. The use of the simulation in assessing cost-effectiveness of alternative designs in achieving a target performance is also demonstrated.

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