Activity size distribution and residence time of 7Be aerosols in the Arctic atmosphere

2014 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Ioannidou ◽  
Jussi Paatero
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Atmosphere

scholarly journals International Arctic Systems for Observing the Atmosphere: An International Polar Year Legacy Consortium

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 1033-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taneil Uttal ◽  
Sandra Starkweather ◽  
James R. Drummond ◽  
Timo Vihma ◽  
Alexander P. Makshtas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
International Polar Year ◽  
Network Measurements ◽  
International Polar ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
Arctic Atmosphere

Abstract International Arctic Systems for Observing the Atmosphere (IASOA) activities and partnerships were initiated as a part of the 2007–09 International Polar Year (IPY) and are expected to continue for many decades as a legacy program. The IASOA focus is on coordinating intensive measurements of the Arctic atmosphere collected in the United States, Canada, Russia, Norway, Finland, and Greenland to create synthesis science that leads to an understanding of why and not just how the Arctic atmosphere is evolving. The IASOA premise is that there are limitations with Arctic modeling and satellite observations that can only be addressed with boots-on-the-ground, in situ observations and that the potential of combining individual station and network measurements into an integrated observing system is tremendous. The IASOA vision is that by further integrating with other network observing programs focusing on hydrology, glaciology, oceanography, terrestrial, and biological systems it will be possible to understand the mechanisms of the entire Arctic system, perhaps well enough for humans to mitigate undesirable variations and adapt to inevitable change.

scholarly journals Planetary and synoptic scale adjustment of the Arctic atmosphere to sea ice cover changes

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Sokolova ◽  
K. Dethloff ◽  
A. Rinke ◽  
A. Benkel
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Synoptic Scale ◽  
Arctic Atmosphere

scholarly journals The Water and Energy Budget of the Arctic Atmosphere

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 2515-2530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tido Semmler ◽  
Daniela Jacob ◽  
K. Heinke Schlünzen ◽  
Ralf Podzun
Keyword(s):  
Energy Budget ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Energy Fluxes ◽  
Arctic Atmosphere

Abstract The Arctic plays a major role in the global circulation, and its water and energy budget is not as well explored as that in other regions of the world. The aim of this study is to calculate the climatological mean water and energy fluxes depending on the season and on the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) through the lower, lateral, and upper boundaries of the Arctic atmosphere north of 70°N. The relevant fluxes are derived from results of the regional climate model (REMO 5.1), which is applied to the Arctic region for the time period 1979–2000. Model forcing data are a combination of 15-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-15) data and analysis data. The annual and seasonal total water and energy fluxes derived from REMO 5.1 results are very similar to the fluxes calculated from observational and reanalysis data, although there are some differences in the components. The agreement between simulated and observed total fluxes shows that these fluxes are reliable. Even if differences between high and low NAO situations occur in our simulation consistent with previous studies, these differences are mostly smaller than the large uncertainties due to a small sample size of the NAO high and low composites.

scholarly journals Polyfluoroalkyl compounds in the Canadian Arctic atmosphere

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutz Ahrens ◽  
Mahiba Shoeib ◽  
Sabino Del Vento ◽  
Garry Codling ◽  
Crispin Halsall
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Particle Phase ◽  
Method Performance ◽  
Arctic Atmosphere

Environmental contextPerfluoroalkyl compounds are of rising environmental concern because of their ubiquitous distribution in remote regions like the Arctic. The present study quantifies these contaminants in the gas and particle phases of the Canadian Arctic atmosphere. The results demonstrate the important role played by gas–particle partitioning in the transport and fate of perfluoroalkyl compounds in the atmosphere. AbstractPolyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) were determined in high-volume air samples during a ship cruise onboard the Canadian Coast Guard Ship Amundsen crossing the Labrador Sea, Hudson Bay and the Beaufort Sea of the Canadian Arctic. Five PFC classes (i.e. perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs), polyfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs), fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), fluorinated sulfonamides (FOSAs), and sulfonamidoethanols (FOSEs)) were analysed separately in the gas phase collected on PUF/XAD-2 sandwiches and in the particle phase on glass-fibre filters (GFFs). The method performance of sampling, extraction and instrumental analysis were compared between two research groups. The FTOHs were the dominant PFCs in the gas phase (20–138 pg m–3), followed by the FOSEs (0.4–23 pg m–3) and FOSAs (0.5–4.7 pg m–3). The PFCAs could only be quantified in the particle phase with low levels (<0.04–0.18 pg m–3). In the particle phase, the dominant PFC class was the FOSEs (0.3–8.6 pg m–3). The particle-associated fraction followed the general trend of: FOSEs (~25 %) > FOSAs (~9 %) > FTOHs (~1 %). Significant positive correlation between ∑FOSA concentrations in the gas phase and ambient air temperature indicate that cold Arctic surfaces, such as the sea-ice snowpack and surface seawater could be influencing FOSAs in the atmosphere.

Radiation in the Arctic Atmosphere and Atmosphere – Cryosphere Feedbacks

2020 ◽  
pp. 591-672
Author(s):  
Claudio Tomasi ◽  
Boyan H. Petkov ◽  
Angelo Lupi ◽  
Mauro Mazzola ◽  
Christian Lanconelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Atmosphere

scholarly journals Observation of HClO3 and HClO4 in the Arctic atmosphere

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yee Jun Tham ◽  
Nina Sarnela ◽  
Carlos A. Cuevas ◽  
Iyer Siddharth ◽  
Lisa Beck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Negative Ion ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Visible Absorption ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Arctic Atmosphere

&lt;p&gt;Atmospheric halogens chemistry like the catalytic reaction of bromine and chlorine radicals with ozone (O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;) has been known to cause the springtime surface-ozone destruction in the polar region. Although the initial atmospheric reactions of chlorine with ozone are well understood, the &amp;#64257;nal oxidation steps leading to the formation of chlorate (ClO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;) and perchlorate (ClO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;) remain unclear due to the lack of direct evidence of their presence and fate in the atmosphere. In this study, we present the first high-resolution ambient data set of gas-phase HClO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; (chloric acid) and HClO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; (perchlorate acid) obtained from the field measurement at the Villum Research Station, Station Nord, in high arctic North Greenland (81&amp;#176;36&amp;#8217; N, 16&amp;#176;40&amp;#8217; W) during the spring of 2015. A state-of-the-art chemical ionization atmospheric pressure interface time-of-flight mass spectrometer (CI-APi-TOF) was used in negative ion mode with nitrate ion as the reagent ion to detect the gas-phase HClO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and HClO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;. We measured significant level of HClO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and HClO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; only during the springtime ozone depletion events in the Greenland, with concentration up to 9x10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt; molecule cm&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt;. Air mass trajectory analysis shows that the air during the ozone depletion event was confined to near-surface, indicating that the O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and surface of sea-ice/snowpack may play important roles in the formation of HClO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and HClO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;. We used high-level quantum-chemical methods to calculate the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra and cross-section of HClO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and HClO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; in the gas-phase to assess their fates in the atmosphere. Overall, our results reveal the presence of HClO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and HClO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; during ozone depletion events, which could affect the chlorine chemistry in the Arctic atmosphere.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Arctic smoke – aerosol characteristics during a record air pollution event in the European Arctic and its radiative impact

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 2275-2324 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Treffeisen ◽  
P. Turnved ◽  
J. Ström ◽  
A. Herber ◽  
J. Bareiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Aerosol Size Distribution ◽  
Geometric Standard Deviation ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Climatic Effects ◽  
Pollution Event

Abstract. In early May 2006 a record high air pollution event was observed at Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen. An atypical weather pattern established a pathway for the rapid transport of biomass burning aerosols from agricultural fires in Eastern Europe to the Arctic. Atmospheric stability was such that the smoke was constrained to low levels, within 2 km of the surface during the transport. A description of this smoke event in terms of transport and main aerosol characteristics can be found in Stohl et al. (2007). This study puts emphasis on the radiative effect of the smoke. The aerosol size distribution was characterized as having an accumulation mode centered at 165–185 nm and almost 1.6 for geometric standard deviation of the mode. Nucleation and small Aitken mode particles were almost completely suppressed within the smoke plume measured at Ny-Ålesund. Chemical and microphysical aerosol information obtained at Mt. Zeppelin (474 m.a.s.l) was used to derive input parameters for a one-dimensional radiation transfer model to explore the radiative effects of the smoke. The daily mean heating rate calculated on 2 May 2006 for the average size distribution and measured chemical composition reached 0.55 K day−1 at 0.5 km altitude for the assumed external mixture of the aerosols but showing much higher heating rates for an internal mixture (1.7 K day−1). In comparison a case study for March 2000 showed that the local climatic effects due to Arctic haze, using a regional climate model, HIRHAM, amounts to a maximum of 0.3 K day−1 of heating at 2 km altitude (Treffeisen et al., 2005).

scholarly journals The relationship between aerosol and cloud drop number concentrations in a global aerosol microphysics model

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3207-3241 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Pringle ◽  
K. S. Carslaw ◽  
D. V. Spracklen ◽  
G. M. Mann ◽  
M. P. Chipperfield
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Cloud Droplet ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Aerosol Size Distribution ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Empirical Relationships ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Global Mean

Abstract. Empirical relationships that link cloud droplet number (CDN) to aerosol number or mass are commonly used to calculate global fields of CDN for climate forcing assessments. In this work we use a sectional global model of sulfate and sea-salt aerosol coupled to a mechanistic aerosol activation scheme to explore the limitations of this approach. We find that a given aerosol number concentration produces a wide range of CDN concentrations due to variations in the shape of the aerosol size distribution. On a global scale, the dependence of CDN on the size distribution results in regional biases in predicted CDN (for a given aerosol number). Empirical relationships between aerosol number and CDN are often derived from regional data but applied to the entire globe. In an analogous process, we derive regional "correlation-relations" between aerosol number and CDN and apply these regional relations to calculations of CDN on the global scale. The global mean percentage error in CDN caused by using regionally derived CDN-aerosol relations is 20 to 26%, which is about half the global mean percentage change in CDN caused by doubling the updraft velocity. However, the error is as much as 25–75% in the Southern Ocean, the Arctic and regions of persistent stratocumulus when an aerosol-CDN correlation relation from the North Atlantic is used. These regions produce much higher CDN concentrations (for a given aerosol number) than predicted by the globally uniform empirical relations. CDN-aerosol number relations from different regions also show very different sensitivity to changing aerosol. The magnitude of the rate of change of CDN with particle number, a measure of the aerosol efficacy, varies by a factor 4. CDN in cloud processed regions of persistent stratocumulus is particularly sensitive to changing aerosol number. It is therefore likely that the indirect effect will be underestimated in these important regions.

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