Strategies to reduce PM2.5 and O3 together during late summer and early fall in San Joaquin Valley, California

2021 ◽  
pp. 105633
Author(s):  
Lin Huang ◽  
Jinjin Sun ◽  
Ling Jin ◽  
Nancy J. Brown ◽  
Jianlin Hu
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
San Joaquin Valley ◽  
Early Fall

scholarly journals Cold Tolerance and Population Dynamics of Leptoglossus zonatus (Hemiptera: Coreidae)

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen E. Tollerup
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
San Joaquin Valley ◽  
Destructive Sampling ◽  
Fresno County ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Aggregation Size ◽  
Considerable Economic Loss

In California’s San Joaquin Valley, feeding by the coreid pest, Leptoglossus zonatus, can cause considerable economic loss on almond and pistachio. This research was conducted to improve understanding of how winter temperatures affect mortality of overwintering adult L. zonatus and to develop a better understanding of the role pomegranate plays in the species’ life-history. We exposed 7410 field-collected adult L. zonatus to temperatures between −2 and −10 °C for a period of three, four, or six hours using insect incubators. At six hours of exposure, the, LD50 and LD95 occur at −5.8 and −9.7 °C, respectively. We classified L. zonatus as chill-intolerant. Temperatures cold enough to affect substantial mortality of overwintering L. zonatus rarely occur in the San Joaquin Valley. Whole aggregation destructive sampling from a pomegranate hedgerow in Fresno County was conducted to determine population dynamics. At late summer to early fall, aggregations consisted of >90% immature stages. By early to mid-winter, mean aggregation size decreased, consisting of only three to 12 late-instars and adults. During years one and two of the experiment, L. zonatus produced a generation on pomegranate, mostly between September and mid-November. Overwintering did not occur on pomegranate, rather the majority of adults emigrated to other overwintering locations by mid-winter.

scholarly journals Decrease in Enteroviral Meningitis - An Unexpected Benefit of COVID-19 Mitigation?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kami D Kies ◽  
Amber S Thomas ◽  
Matthew J Binnicker ◽  
Kelli L Bashynski ◽  
Robin Patel
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Clinical Microbiology ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Clinical Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Testing Data ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Enteroviral Meningitis

Abstract Enteroviral meningitis is seasonal, typically exhibiting a rise in prevalence in late summer/early fall. Based on clinical microbiology laboratory testing data of cerebrospinal fluid, the expected August/September/October peak in enteroviral meningitis did not occur in 2020, possibly related to COVID-19 mitigation strategies.

scholarly journals A biodiversity hotspot for Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) in North America: annotated species checklist for Ottawa, Canada

ZooKeys ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 633 ◽  
pp. 1-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Fernandez-Triana ◽  
Caroline Boudreault ◽  
Joel Buffam ◽  
Ronald Maclean
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Annotated Checklist ◽  
First Time

Microgastrinae wasps (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from the city of Ottawa and its surroundings (a 50-km radius circle, ~7,800 km2) were studied based on 1,928 specimens collected between 1894 and 2010, and housed in the Canadian National Collection of Insects. A total of 158 species from 21 genera were identified, which is by far the highest number of species ever recorded for a locality in North America. An annotated checklist of species is provided.Choerasparasitellae(Bouché, 1834) andPholetesornanus(Reinhard, 1880) are recorded for the first time in the Nearctic (previously only known from the Palearctic region),Cotesiadepressa(Viereck, 1912) is recorded for the first time in Canada (previously only known from the United States), andCotesiahemileucae(Riley, 1881) andProtapantelesphlyctaeniae(Muesebeck, 1929) are recorded for the first time in the province of Ontario. In Ottawa the most diverse genera areCotesia,Apanteles,Microplitis,Pholetesor,Microgaster, andDolichogenidea, altogether comprising 77% of the species found in the area. A total of 73 species (46%) were represented by only one or two specimens, suggesting that the inventory for Ottawa is still relatively incomplete. Seasonal distribution showed several peaks of activity, in spring, summer, and early fall. That general pattern varied for individual species, with some showing a single peak of abundance either in the summer or towards the end of the season, others species attaining two peaks, in late spring and late summer, or in early summer and early fall, and yet others attaining up to three different peaks, in spring, summer and fall. At least 72 of the Microgastrinae species from Ottawa have been previously associated with 554 species of Lepidoptera as hosts – but those historical literature records are not always reliable and in many cases are based on data from areas beyond Ottawa. Thus, our knowledge of the associations between the 158 species of microgastrine parasitoids and the caterpillars of the 2,064 species of Lepidoptera recorded from Ottawa is still very incomplete.

scholarly journals Changes in historical typhoid transmission across 16 U.S. cities, 1889-1931: Quantifying the impact of investments in water and sewer infrastructures

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maile T. Phillips ◽  
Katharine A. Owers ◽  
Bryan T. Grenfell ◽  
Virginia E. Pitzer
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Sanitation Systems ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTBackgroundInvestments in water and sanitation systems are believed to have led to the decline in typhoid fever in developed countries, such that most cases now occur in regions lacking adequate clean water and sanitation. Exploring seasonal and long-term patterns in historical typhoid mortality in the United States can offer deeper understanding of disease drivers.MethodsWe fit modified Time-series Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered models to city-level weekly mortality counts to estimate seasonal and long-term typhoid transmission. We examined seasonal transmission separately by city and aggregated by water source. We fit regression models to measure associations between long-term transmission and financial investments in water and sewer systems.ResultsTyphoid transmission peaked in late summer/early fall. Seasonality varied by water source, with the greatest variation occurring in cities with reservoirs. Historical $1 per capita ($25.80 in 2017) investments in construction and operation of water and sewer systems were associated with 8-53% decreases in typhoid transmission, while $1 increases in total value or debt accrued to maintain them were associated with 4-7% decreases.ConclusionOur findings aid in the understanding of typhoid transmission dynamics and potential impacts of water and sanitation improvements, and can inform cost-effectiveness analyses of interventions to reduce the typhoid burden.

Macroinfauna of Northern New England marine sand. IV. Infaunal ecology of Amphiporeia virginiana Shoemaker, 1933 (Crustacea: Amphipoda)

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1511-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Hager ◽  
Robert A. Croker
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
New England ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
Marine Sand ◽  
Annual Population ◽  
Early Fall

Amphiporeia virginiana occurs from Nova Scotia to South Carolina where it is a dominant inhabitant of high energy sand beaches. Maximum abundance occurs on the lower foreshore in fine sand particularly during summer months. Within-habitat segregation of sexes occurs, with females more abundant at higher beach levels; ovigerous females are confined to higher levels only. Annual population fluctuations of up to 14-fold on a geometric basis are related to life history events and sedimentary changes. Breeding occurs during most of the year with peak recruitment during June and late summer to early fall, yielding summer and overwintering generations. Precopulating animals are commonly seen swimming, with two males per female occasionally evident. Females produce a mean of 6–11 eggs during the year and have one brood per breeding period. The species is a detritivore and generally inhabits the upper 2.5 cm of sand. It is most tolerant of salinities in the range of 25–35‰; mortality increases rapidly in salinities less than 20‰, and in sediments containing less than 11% water by weight exposed to temperatures simulating hot summer days.

A Welcoming Wilderness

Ethnologies ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 49-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Everett
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Geographical Knowledge ◽  
Food Stores ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Moral Uncertainty ◽  
Tourism Product ◽  
Iconic Image ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Wild Berries

Abstract Wild berries have long been integral to Newfoundlanders’ and Labradorians’ food stores. Berry picking remains an important late summer and early fall activity, combining traditional, geographical knowledge with material culture, foodways and custom. Berries may also be Newfoundland and Labrador’s most successful culinary tourism product to date, combining attributes of health, wilderness and resourcefulness. Whereas ethical and moral uncertainty or conviction precludes many tourists from trying seal products, and health concerns prevent the enjoyment of regional favorites such as fish and chips, berries offer visitors a window into local culture beyond reproach. Reifying the text and images of national and provincial tourist literature emphasizing the area’s “outdoor nature product,” the berries serve as an iconic image of a resourceful people intimately connected to a bountiful, welcoming wilderness.

Scarabaeid Pests: Subfamily Dynastinae

2020 ◽  
pp. 193-204
Author(s):  
Patricia J. Vittum
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Ohio River ◽  
South American ◽  
Ohio River Valley ◽  
Large Genus ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
North And South ◽  
Root Feeding ◽  
Extensive Damage

This chapter examines masked chafers, which belong to the large genus of North and South American beetles, the Cyclocephala, in the order Coleoptera, family Scarabaeidae, subfamily Dynastinae, tribe Cyclocephalini. Approximately a dozen of these species occur in North America, but only five species are regularly associated with turfgrass cultivation: the northern masked chafer; the southern masked chafer; Cyclocephala pasadenae (Casey); Cyclocephala hirta LeConte; and Cyclocephala parallela Casey. Masked chafer grubs are important turfgrass-infesting species, causing extensive damage to cultivated turf during late summer and early fall. They are the most injurious root-feeding pests of turfgrass throughout much of the Ohio River Valley and the midwestern United States. Adult masked chafers have blunt spatulate mandibles that are unsuited for feeding on plant tissues; as far as is known, they do not feed.

scholarly journals Ready for bed: pre-hibernation movements and habitat use by Fowler’s Toads (Anaxyrus fowleri)

2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
David M. Green ◽  
Katharine T. Yagi
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Radio Tracking ◽  
Water Line ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Radio Transmitters ◽  
Early Fall

We used radio-tracking to investigate movement patterns and habitat use of Fowler’s Toads (Anaxyrus fowleri) during late summer and early fall in a relatively undisturbed lakeshore dune and beach habitat at Long Point, Ontario. Small radio transmitters were fitted to 11 adult toads with an external harness made from fine surgical plastic tubing wrapped around the body behind the front limbs. We located radio-tagged toads morning and evening, for a maximum of 9 days, recording their locations using Global Positioning System units. Initially, the toads were located on the upper beach or in the fore-dunes during the day, either dug in under the sand or hiding beneath debris; in the evening, they were generally active on the lower beach close to the water line. After a storm and the onset of cooler autumn weather, the toads tended to move further from the water line. They also curtailed their nightly activity and retreated deeper into the sand. As this sort of behaviour was not observed during the summer, we interpret it as pre-hibernation movement to more stable sites away from the beach where the animals can burrow deeply into the sand to lie dormant during the winter.

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