Nitrogen retention efficiency and nitrogen losses of a managed and phytodiverse temperate grassland

ABSTRACT: Tambaqui is intensively farmed because of its production characteristics; however, there is a lack of information lacks about the nutritional requirements of this species. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of various crude protein (CP) levels in the diets of tambaqui fingerlings. A total of 750 fingerlings with an initial weight of 0.35 ± 0.09 g were selected in a completely randomized design with six treatments (experimental feeds with 20%, 24%, 28%, 32%, 36%, and 40% CP), five replicates, and 25 fish per experimental unit. Performance, survival rate, carcass yield, body composition, protein deposition, body fat, and nitrogen retention efficiency were evaluated after 45 days. CP levels did not affect the following: feed conversion, survival rate, moisture content, and carcass yield. However, with increasing CP levels, protein efficiency ratio decreased. Weight gain, feed conversion, and specific growth rate improved until CP levels of 31.57%, 28.90%, and 31.12%, respectively, were achieved. Quadratic effects of elevated CP levels on body fat and body fat deposition were observed at minimum CP levels of 26.55% and 23.77%, respectively; and on body protein, body protein deposition, and nitrogen retention efficiency at maximum CP levels of 29.26%, 32.50%, and 27.21%, respectively. We conclude that a CP level of 31.57% is recommended for the diets of tambaqui fingerlings weighing between 0.35 and 15.11 g, which corresponds to a digestible energy:CP ratio of 9.50 kcal DE/g CP.

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Effects of ileal endogenous nitrogen losses and dietary amino acid supplementation on nitrogen retention in growing pigs

Animal Feed Science and Technology ◽

10.1016/s0377-8401(99)00066-8 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 80 (3-4) ◽

pp. 207-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

W Grala ◽

M.W.A Verstegen ◽

A.J.M Jansman ◽

J Huisman ◽

P van Leeuwen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Nitrogen Retention ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Nitrogen Losses ◽

Amino Acid Supplementation ◽

Acid Supplementation ◽

Dietary Amino Acid

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METHIONINE PLUS CYSTINE TO LYSINE RATIO IN DIETS FOR TAMBAQUI JUVENILES

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252019v32n124rc ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 243-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Flávio Oliveira Souza ◽

Marcos Antonio Delmondes Bomfim ◽

Felipe Barbosa Ribeiro ◽

Eduardo Arruda Teixeira Lanna ◽

Thalles José Rêgo de Sousa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Deposition Rate ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Block Design ◽

Nitrogen Retention ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Retention Efficiency ◽

Protein Deposition ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Body Fat Content ◽

Quadratic Effects

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the appropriate ratio of methionine plus cystine to lysine in rations for tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) juveniles, with initial weights of 0.28 ± 0.08 g and 0.94 ± 0.33 g. A randomized block design consisting of six treatments, five replicates in two blocks, and 20 fish per replicate was implemented. Six isolisinic (1.45%), isoenergetic, isophosphoric, and isocalcic diets, containing different ratios of methionine plus cystine to digestible lysine (50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, and 75%) were used. Performance and feed efficiency variables, including body composition (moisture, protein, and fat), daily protein deposition rate, daily fat deposition rate, and nitrogen retention efficiency, were evaluated. The specific growth rate and feed conversion presented quadratic effects, with maximum effects from the digestible methionine plus cystine to lysine ratio of 64.4% and 64.8%, respectively. The increase in digestible methionine plus cystine intake resulted in a linear reduction in body fat content with the elevation of the digestible methionine plus cystine to lysine ratio. The digestible methionine plus cystine to lysine ratio recommended in rations for tambaqui fingerlings is 64.8%.

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Lysine requirement for tambaqui juveniles

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n5p2157 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 2157

Author(s):

Janayra Cardoso Silva ◽

Marcos Antonio Delmondes Bomfim ◽

Eduardo Arruda Teixeira Lanna ◽

Felipe Barbosa Ribeiro ◽

Jefferson Costa de Siqueira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Body Fat ◽

Block Design ◽

Juvenile Fish ◽

Nitrogen Retention ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Retention Efficiency ◽

Body Protein ◽

Protein Deposition ◽

Formulated Diets

The aim of this study was to determine the requirement for lysine in the diet of juvenile tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). In total, 750 juvenile fish (0.34 ± 0.02g) were distributed in tanks arranged in a randomized block design with six treatments, five replications in two blocks, and 25 fish per unit, for 50 d. Six levels of digestible lysine were tested (1.30, 1.48, 1.66, 1.84, 2.02, and 2.20%), in formulated diets based on the ideal protein concept. The performance, feed efficiency, daily deposition of protein and body fat, and nitrogen retention efficiency of the fish were evaluated. The consumption of rations and protein, specific growth rate, body composition, and deposition of body fat were not influenced by the lysine levels tested. The consumption of digestible lysine increased linearly and the efficiency of digestible lysine for weight gain decreased linearly with the increase in lysine levels. The levels of digestible lysine that optimized weight gain and body protein deposition were estimated at 1.73 and 1.78%, respectively. The feed conversion and nitrogen retention efficiency were most improved at 1.66% and 1.84%, respectively. The recommended level of dietary lysine for providing better weight gain and body protein deposition in juvenile tambaqui is 1.78%, equivalent to 2.00% total lysine.

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Dietary methionine requirement of Indian major carp fry,Cirrhinus mrigala(Hamilton) based on growth, feed conversion and nitrogen retention efficiency

Aquaculture Research ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2109.2011.03030.x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 268-281 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Mukhtar A. Khan ◽

Shabi Fatma Abidi

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Retention ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Indian Major Carp ◽

Retention Efficiency ◽

Cirrhinus Mrigala

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Nitrogen retention in natural Mediterranean wetland-streams affected by agricultural runoff

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences ◽

10.5194/hess-13-2359-2009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 2359-2371 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

V. García-García ◽

R. Gómez ◽

M. R. Vidal-Abarca ◽

M. L. Suárez

Keyword(s):

Temporal Variability ◽

Seasonal Pattern ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Ecological Status ◽

Nitrogen Retention ◽

Agricultural Runoff ◽

Total Organic Nitrogen ◽

Retention Efficiency ◽

Entire Study ◽

N Retention

Abstract. Nitrogen retention efficiency in natural Mediterranean wetland-streams affected by agricultural runoff was quantified and the effect of the temporal variability and hydrological/chemical loading was examined from March 2007 to June 2008 in two wetland-streams located in Southeast Spain. Nitrate-N (NO−3-N), ammonium-N (NH+4-N), total nitrogen-N (TN-N), total organic nitrogen-N (TON-N) and chloride (Cl−) concentrations were analyzed to calculate nitrogen retention efficiencies. These wetland-streams consistently reduced water nitrogen concentration throughout the year with higher values for NO−3-N (72.3%), even though the mean value of inflow NO−3-N concentrations was above 20 mg l−1. Additionally, they usually acted as sinks for TON-N (8.4%), but as sources for NH+4-N. Over the entire study period, the Taray and Parra wetland-streams were capable of removing on average 1.6 and 0.8 kg NO−3-N a day−1, respectively. Retention efficiencies were not affected by temperature variation. NO−3-N retention efficiency followed a seasonal pattern with the highest retention values in summer (June–September). The temporal variability for NO−3-N retention efficiency was positively and negatively explained by the hydrologic retention and the inflow NO−3-N concentration (R2adj=0.815, p<0.01), respectively. No significant regression model was found for TON-N and NH+4-N. Finally, the conservation of these Mediterranean wetland-streams may help to not only improve the surface water quality in agricultural catchments, but to also achieve good ecological status for surface waters, this being the Water Framework Directive's ultimate purpose.

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Allometric growth of protein, amino acids, fat and minerals in slow- and fast-growing young chickens

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/1300-cjas ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 56 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 127-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. Zelenka ◽

J. Heger ◽

S. Kráčmar ◽

E. Mrkvicová

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Nitrogen Retention ◽

Growth Period ◽

The Body ◽

Allometric Growth ◽

Retention Efficiency ◽

Body Protein ◽

Fast Growing ◽

Protein Amino Acids

Allometric growth of body constituents and apparent efficiency of amino acid and nitrogen retention were examined in slow-growing laying-type cockerels (SG) and in fast-growing male broiler hybrids (FG) during the growth period from hatch to Day 22. The respective allometric coefficients for water, protein, (N × 6.25)ash and fat in relation to body weight were 0.971, 1.080, 1.096 and 1.284 for SG chickens and 0.977, 1.099, 0.993, and 1.198 for FG chickens. The respective allometric coefficients describing the relationships of water, fat and ash weight with protein weight were 0.894, 1.014, and 1.186 for SG chickens and 0.893, 0.910, and 1.097 for FG chickens. High allometric coefficients for ash in both genotypes likely indicate the rapid growth of skeletal tissues which requires adequate mineral nutrition during this period of growth. The deposition of ash relative to protein was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in SG chickens thus suggesting that the relative growth of ash may be affected by genotype. Allometric coefficients relating amino acids to body protein were less than unity in most cases which indicates that an increasing amount of non-protein N is deposited in the body with advancing age. Except for cysteine, the apparent efficiency of amino acid retention was lower in SG as compared to FG chickens. The high retention efficiency of cysteine in SG genotype was likely associated with the conversion of surplus methionine to cysteine, required for feather protein synthesis in laying-type birds at an early age.

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