Individual differences in ERPs during mental rotation of characters: Lateralization, and performance level

A morningness-eveningness questionnaire was administered to 34 golfers and 23 waterpolo-players to assess the influence of diurnal individual differences on the athletic performance levels. No differences in the diurnal type (“morning” vs “evening” individuals) were found among low-performing athletes, while in the high-performing group golfers had higher morningness scores than the waterpolo-players. The results suggest a relation between the diurnal type, performance level, and the time of day when the match is played (morning for golf and evening for waterpolo).

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Individual Differences in Mental Rotation

Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) ◽

10.1027/1618-3169/a000184 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 60 (3) ◽

pp. 164-171 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Peter Khooshabeh ◽

Mary Hegarty ◽

Thomas F. Shipley

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Mental Rotation ◽

Response Times ◽

Task Demands ◽

Mental Rotation Task ◽

Imagery Ability ◽

Alternative Strategies

Two experiments tested the hypothesis that imagery ability and figural complexity interact to affect the choice of mental rotation strategies. Participants performed the Shepard and Metzler (1971) mental rotation task. On half of the trials, the 3-D figures were manipulated to create “fragmented” figures, with some cubes missing. Good imagers were less accurate and had longer response times on fragmented figures than on complete figures. Poor imagers performed similarly on fragmented and complete figures. These results suggest that good imagers use holistic mental rotation strategies by default, but switch to alternative strategies depending on task demands, whereas poor imagers are less flexible and use piecemeal strategies regardless of the task demands.

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Even Pacing Is Associated with Faster Finishing Times in Ultramarathon Distance Trail Running—The “Ultra-Trail du Mont Blanc” 2008–2019

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17197074 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (19) ◽

pp. 7074 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daniel Suter ◽

Caio Victor Sousa ◽

Lee Hill ◽

Volker Scheer ◽

Pantelis Theo Nikolaidis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Linear Model ◽

Performance Level ◽

Age Group ◽

Younger Age ◽

Pacing Strategies ◽

And Performance ◽

Group Sex ◽

The Impact ◽

Trail Running ◽

One Way Anova

In recent years, there has been an increasing number of investigations analyzing the effects of sex, performance level, and age on pacing in various running disciplines. However, little is known about the impact of those factors on pacing strategies in ultramarathon trail running. This study investigated the effects of age, sex, and performance level on pacing in the UTMB® (Ultra-trail du Mont Blanc) and aimed to verify previous findings obtained in the research on other running disciplines and other ultramarathon races. Data from the UTMB® from 2008 to 2019 for 13,829 race results (12,681 men and 1148 women) were analyzed. A general linear model (two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)) was applied to identify a sex, age group, and interaction effect in pace average and pace variation. A univariate model (one-way ANOVA) was used to identify a sex effect for age, pace average, and pace variation for the fastest men and women. In our study, pace average and a steadier pace were positively correlated. Even pacing throughout the UTMB® correlated with faster finishing times. The average pace depended significantly on sex and age group. When considering the top five athletes in each age group, sex and age group also had significant effects on pace variation. The fastest women were older than the fastest men, and the fastest men were faster than the fastest women. Women had a higher pace variation than men. In male competitors, younger age may be advantageous for a successful finish of the UTMB®. Faster male runners seemed to be younger in ultramarathon trail running with large changes in altitude when compared to other distances and terrains.

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Pacing in Time-Limited Ultramarathons from 6 to 24 Hours—The Aspects of Age, Sex and Performance Level

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13052705 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 2705

Author(s):

Hagen Deusch ◽

Pantelis T. Nikolaidis ◽

José Ramón Alvero-Cruz ◽

Thomas Rosemann ◽

Beat Knechtle

Keyword(s):

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Coefficient Of Variation ◽

Training Programs ◽

Performance Level ◽

Running Speed ◽

And Performance ◽

Main Effects ◽

And Training ◽

Age And Sex

(1) Background: Compared with marathon races, pacing in time-limited ultramarathons has only been poorly discussed in the literature. The aim of the present study was to analyze the interaction of performance level, age and sex with pacing during 6 h, 12 h or 24 h time-limited ultramarathons. (2) Methods: Participants (n = 937, age 48.62 ± 11.80 years) were the finishers in 6 h (n = 40, 17 women and 23 men), 12 h (n = 232, 77 women and 155 men) and 24 h (n = 665, 166 women and 409 men) ultramarathons. The coefficient of variation (CV), calculated as SD/mean, was used to described pacing. Low scores of CV denoted a more even pacing, and vice versa. A two-way analysis of variance examined the main effects and interactions of sex and race duration on age, race speed and pacing. (3) Results: More men participated in the longer race distances than in the shorter ones and men were older and faster than women. Comparing the 6 h, 12 h and 24 h races, the finishers in the 6 h were the fastest, the finishers in the 12 h were the oldest and the finishers in the 24 h showed the most variable pacing. Furthermore, the faster running speed in the 12 h (women, r = −0.64; men, r = −0.49, p < 0.001) and the 24 h (r = −0.47 in women and men, p < 0.001) was related to less variable pacing. (4) Conclusions: These data might help runners and coaches to choose the the proper duration of a race and training programs for their athletes.

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Game variables that predict success and performance level in elite men’s volleyball

International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport ◽

10.1080/24748668.2021.1945879 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Sotirios Drikos ◽

Karolina Barzouka ◽

Maria-Elissavet Nikolaidou ◽

Konstantinos Sotiropoulos

Keyword(s):

Performance Level ◽

And Performance

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Characterizing Bilingual Effects on Cognition: The Search for Meaningful Individual Differences

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci11010081 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 81

Author(s):

Kristina C. Backer ◽

Heather Bortfeld

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Cognitive Processes ◽

Language Background ◽

Bilingual Advantage ◽

The Past ◽

General Movement ◽

And Performance ◽

Task Irrelevant ◽

Analytical Approaches ◽

The Relationship

A debate over the past decade has focused on the so-called bilingual advantage—the idea that bilingual and multilingual individuals have enhanced domain-general executive functions, relative to monolinguals, due to competition-induced monitoring of both processing and representation from the task-irrelevant language(s). In this commentary, we consider a recent study by Pot, Keijzer, and de Bot (2018), which focused on the relationship between individual differences in language usage and performance on an executive function task among multilingual older adults. We discuss their approach and findings in light of a more general movement towards embracing complexity in this domain of research, including individuals’ sociocultural context and position in the lifespan. The field increasingly considers interactions between bilingualism/multilingualism and cognition, employing measures of language use well beyond the early dichotomous perspectives on language background. Moreover, new measures of bilingualism and analytical approaches are helping researchers interrogate the complexities of specific processing issues. Indeed, our review of the bilingualism/multilingualism literature confirms the increased appreciation researchers have for the range of factors—beyond whether someone speaks one, two, or more languages—that impact specific cognitive processes. Here, we highlight some of the most salient of these, and incorporate suggestions for a way forward that likewise encompasses neural perspectives on the topic.

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Examining frustration and performance when priming user expectations and providing a technology malfunction

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/1071181320641444 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 1846-1850

Author(s):

Nina Ferreri ◽

Christopher B. Mayhorn

Keyword(s):

Augmented Reality ◽

Technology Acceptance ◽

Digital Technology ◽

Mobile App ◽

Performance Level ◽

Qr Code ◽

Attitudes And Behaviors ◽

Main Effect ◽

User Expectations ◽

And Performance

As digital technology develops, users create expectations for performance that may be violated when malfunctions occur. This project examined how priming expectations of technology performance (high v. low v. no) and experiences of technology malfunction (present v. not present) can influence feelings of frustration and performance on a task. A preliminary sample of 42 undergraduate participants completed a QR code scavenger hunt using the augmented reality mobile app, ARIS. Following the task, participants reported what they found for each scavenger hunt clue, their responses to failures in digital technology, and technology acceptance attitudes. Several factorial ANOVAs revealed a main effect for expectation on adaptive items of the RFDT scale and a main effect for malfunction on performance level. This suggests a potential contradiction between attitudes and behaviors when considering a common scenario involving technology.

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