Potential of rapid adjustment of brief interceptive action using predicted information

2015 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Sachi Ikudome ◽  
Hiroki Nakamoto ◽  
Kengo Yotani ◽  
Satoshi Unenaka ◽  
Shiro Mori
Keyword(s):  
Interceptive Action ◽  
Rapid Adjustment

A Predictive Model of the Impact of the Skidding System on Forest Soil in Severe Climatic Conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 131-144
Author(s):  
S.E. Rudov ◽  
◽  
V.Ya. Shapiro ◽  
O.I. Grigoreva ◽  
I.V. Grigorev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Freezing ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Metal Structures ◽  
Rapid Adjustment ◽  
Soil Freezing And Thawing ◽  
The Impact

In the Russian Federation logging operations are traditionally carried out in winter. This is due to the predominance of areas with swamped and water-logged (class III and IV) soils in the forest fund, where work of forestry equipment is difficult, and sometimes impossible in the warm season. The work of logging companies in the forests of the cryolithozone, characterized by a sharply continental climate, with severe frosts in winter, is hampered by the fact that forest machines are not recommended to operate at temperatures below –40 °C due to the high probability of breaking of metal structures and hydraulic system. At the same time, in the warm season, most of the cutting areas on cryosolic soils become difficult to pass for heavy forest machines. It turns out that the convenient period for logging in the forests of the cryolithozone is quite small. This results in the need of work in the so-called off-season period, when the air temperature becomes positive, and the thawing processes of the soil top layer begin. The same applies to the logging companies not operating in the conditions of cryosolic soils, for instance, in the Leningrad, Novgorod, Pskov, Vologda regions, etc. The observed climate warming has led to a significant reduction in the sustained period of winter logging. Frequent temperature transitions around 0 °C in winter, autumn and spring necessitate to work during the off-season too, while cutting areas thaw. In bad seasonal and climatic conditions, which primarily include off-season periods in general and permafrost in particular, it is very difficult to take into account in mathematical models features of soil freezing and thawing and their effect on the destruction nature. The article shows that the development of long-term predictive models of indicators of cyclic interaction between the skidding system and forest soil in adverse climatic conditions of off-season logging operations in order to improve their reliability requires rapid adjustment of the calculated parameters based on the actual experimental data at a given step of the cycles.

scholarly journals Mental Adaptation to Capsule Work During COVID-19 Outbreak: The Case of Israeli Air Force Career Personnel

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley Gordon ◽  
Dror Garbi ◽  
Shahar Ben Bassat ◽  
Shachar Shapira ◽  
Leah Shelef
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Psychological Help ◽  
Military Career ◽  
Personal Variables ◽  
Rapid Adjustment ◽  
The Military ◽  
Normal Work

ABSTRACT Objective Dealing with the COVID-19 outbreak required a rapid adjustment to an unfamiliar and unique situation. The current study aimed to identify the challenges faced by Israeli Air Force (IAF) career personnel. Method A survey was conducted on 550 participants during the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak. The participants completed a questionnaire that dealt with unique challenges (personal, family, and command). Results Of 550 respondents, 54% reported low mood and irritability, 44% reported a constant feeling of anxiety, and 29% reported having sleep problems. Most of them (66%) were mainly concerned about infecting their family. The shift from normal work conditions to an unfamiliar capsule configuration concerned 58% of respondents. Functional continuity concerned 55% of respondents. Managing subordinates concerned 50% of the participants. Of the three types of challenges analyzed (personal, family, and command), the command challenge was the only one where the personal variables (military role, rank, and marital status) made no difference. Finally, about 30% of all respondents reported they needed professional support in dealing with the new circumstances. Their preferred platform was an easily accessible hotline. Conclusions Life under the COVID-19 threat increased stress factors in the military career population. While reporting greater challenges and higher levels of stress, most of the respondents preferred a brief, focused consultation adjusted to the situation rather than conventional psychological help. The command challenge and the perceived responsibility stood above and beyond all variables examined in the present study.

Osmoregulation in the Lobster Homarus americanus

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1123-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Dall
Keyword(s):  
Freezing Point ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Salinity Range ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Salt Loading ◽  
Excess Water ◽  
Salt Excretion ◽  
Rapid Adjustment ◽  
Antennal Glands

Lobsters took 72 hr to adapt to a salinity of 20‰, with urine becoming markedly hypoosmotic to the blood during the first 25 hr, then increasing in concentration over the next 48 hr, though remaining significantly hypoosmotic to the blood. Adaptation to a salinity of 37‰ took 24 hr: the urine became almost isosmotic with the blood: the gastric and rectal fluids became hyperosmotic to the blood. Blood freezing-point determinations showed that over the salinity range 20–37‰ the lobster is able to osmoregulate to a limited extent only towards the lower end of the range, being otherwise an "osmocon-former." Salt-loading experiments indicated that the excess salts were rapidly excreted into the gut. It is concluded that the antennal glands are at least partly responsible for elimination of excess water, but that the gut is the site of salt excretion, and that there is rapid adjustment of salt imbalance.

Inhibiting ventilatory evaporation produces an adaptive increase in cutaneous evaporation in mourning doves Zenaida macroura

1999 ◽  
Vol 202 (21) ◽  
pp. 3021-3028 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.C. Hoffman ◽  
G.E. Walsberg
Keyword(s):  
Skin Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
Evaporative Heat Loss ◽  
Evaporative Water ◽  
Zenaida Macroura ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Rapid Adjustment ◽  
Mourning Doves ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Cutaneous Evaporation

We tested the hypothesis that birds can rapidly change the conductance of water vapor at the skin surface in response to a changing need for evaporative heat loss. Mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) were placed in a two-compartment chamber separating the head from the rest of the body. The rate of cutaneous evaporation was measured in response to dry ventilatory inflow at three ambient temperatures and in response to vapor-saturated ventilatory inflow at two ambient temperatures. At 35 degrees C, cutaneous evaporation increased by 72 % when evaporative water loss from the mouth was prevented, but no increase was observed at 45 degrees C. For both dry and vapor-saturated treatments, cutaneous evaporation increased significantly with increased ambient temperature. Changes in skin temperature made only a minor contribution to any observed increase in cutaneous evaporation. This indicates that Z. macroura can effect rapid adjustment of evaporative conductance at the skin in response to acute change in thermoregulatory demand.

Daily changes in food availability, but not long-term unpredictability, determine daily torpor-bout occurrences and frequency in stripe-faced dunnarts (Sminthopsis macroura)

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra M. Leslie ◽  
Mathew Stewart ◽  
Elizabeth Price ◽  
Adam J. Munn
Keyword(s):  
Food Availability ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Daily Torpor ◽  
Torpor Bout ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Rapid Adjustment ◽  
Sminthopsis Macroura ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

Daily torpor, a short-term reduction in body temperature and metabolism, is an energy-saving strategy that has been interpreted as an adaptation to unpredictable resource availability. However, the effect of food-supply variability on torpor, separately from consistent food restriction, remains largely unexamined. In this study, we investigated the effect of unpredictable food availability on torpor in stripe-faced dunnarts (Sminthopsis macroura). After a control period of ad libitum feeding, dunnarts were offered 65% of their average daily ad libitum intake over 31 days, either as a constant restriction (i.e. as equal amount of food offered each day) or as an unpredictable schedule of feed offered, varied daily as 0%, 30%, 60%, 100% or 130% of ad libitum. Both feeding groups had increased torpor-bout occurrences (as a proportion of all dunnarts on a given day) and torpor-bout frequency (average number of bouts each day) when on a restricted diet compared with ad libitum feeding, but torpor frequency did not differ between the consistently restricted and unpredictably restricted groups. Most importantly, torpor occurrence and daily bout frequency by the unpredictably restricted group appeared to change in direct association with the amount of food offered on each day; torpor frequency was higher on days of low food availability. Our data do not support the interpretation that torpor is a response to unpredictable food availability per se, but rather that torpor allowed a rapid adjustment of energy expenditure to manage daily fluctuations in food availability.

Rapid adjustment and measurement for subaperture stitching interferometry

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 2682-2688
Author(s):  
郭福东 GUO Fu-dong ◽  
唐 锋 TANG Feng ◽  
卢云君 LU Yun-jun ◽  
王向朝 WANG Xiang-zhao
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Adjustment ◽  
Subaperture Stitching

The Design of Automotive Welding for a Quick Adjustment of Reconfigurable Fixture Bearing

2011 ◽  
Vol 101-102 ◽  
pp. 144-147
Author(s):  
Da Yi Yang ◽  
Li Tao Wang ◽  
Hua Wang ◽  
Xi Min Liu ◽  
Bai Xin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Main Obstacle ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Rapid Adjustment

The reconfiguration and the capacity of rapid adjustment of automotive welding fixture are the main obstacle to the development cycle and the modified automotive products. A set of reconfigurable fixture has been designed tentatively for a series of car product development. It is consisted of the fixture plate with holes in base stations, the three-dimensional adjustment of bearings and the standard fixtures, which show the character of a quick installation location, easy to adjust, shorten the development cycle and so on.

Hitting a cricket ball: what components of the interceptive action are most linked to expertise?

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juanita R. Weissensteiner ◽  
Bruce Abernethy ◽  
Damian Farrow
Keyword(s):  
Interceptive Action ◽  
Cricket Ball

scholarly journals The series elastic shock absorber: tendon elasticity modulates energy dissipation by muscle during burst deceleration

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1804) ◽  
pp. 20142800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolai Konow ◽  
Thomas J. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Shock Absorber ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Drop Height ◽  
Fascicle Length ◽  
Tendon Mechanics ◽  
Rapid Adjustment ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Tendon Compliance

During downhill running, manoeuvring, negotiation of obstacles and landings from a jump, mechanical energy is dissipated via active lengthening of limb muscles. Tendon compliance provides a ‘shock-absorber’ mechanism that rapidly absorbs mechanical energy and releases it more slowly as the recoil of the tendon does work to stretch muscle fascicles. By lowering the rate of muscular energy dissipation, tendon compliance likely reduces the risk of muscle injury that can result from rapid and forceful muscle lengthening. Here, we examine how muscle–tendon mechanics are modulated in response to changes in demand for energy dissipation. We measured lateral gastrocnemius (LG) muscle activity, force and fascicle length, as well as leg joint kinematics and ground-reaction force, as turkeys performed drop-landings from three heights (0.5–1.5 m centre-of-mass elevation). Negative work by the LG muscle–tendon unit during landing increased with drop height, mainly owing to greater muscle recruitment and force as drop height increased. Although muscle strain did not increase with landing height, ankle flexion increased owing to increased tendon strain at higher muscle forces. Measurements of the length–tension relationship of the muscle indicated that the muscle reached peak force at shorter and likely safer operating lengths as drop height increased. Our results indicate that tendon compliance is important to the modulation of energy dissipation by active muscle with changes in demand and may provide a mechanism for rapid adjustment of function during deceleration tasks of unpredictable intensity.

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