Elastic hysteresis loop acts as cell deformability in erythrocyte aging

Abstract The creep in torsion of various forms of bakelite under constant load and the creep recovery on removal of load is found to follow closely the superposition principle or “memory law” of Boltzmann, if the previous maximum strain in a test is not exceeded. If the previous maximum strain is exceeded, an additional plastic flow takes place which is not, at any rate immediately, recoverable. A function of the elapsed time called the “equivalent time” is introduced in order to analyze the creep and creep recovery when the loading history is complex. A method is developed for calculating the stress-strain loop due to creep for step-by-step cyclic loading. Results of cyclic-loading tests reveal the presence of a true elastic-hysteresis loop in addition to the loop due to creep. The specific damping capacity in torsion at a given stress, calculated from the measured creep and elastic-hysteresis loop, is shown to agree fairly well with the damping measured directly.

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The Interior of the Pseudoelastic Hysteresis

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-246-39 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 246 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Senlin Fu ◽

Ingo Müller ◽

Huibin Xu

Keyword(s):

Phase Transition ◽

Phase Equilibrium ◽

Shape Memory ◽

Hysteresis Loop ◽

Martensitic Phase ◽

Interesting Problem ◽

Elastic Hysteresis ◽

Martensitic Phase Transition ◽

Unstable Phase

AbstractAn interesting problem within the research on shape memory is provided by the investigation of the pseudo-elastic hysteresis loop that accompanies the strain-induced austenitic-martensitic phase transition. Miller [1] suggested by thermodynamic arguments that the size of that loop should be related to the coherency energy at interfaces between martensite and austenite. That proposition received a boost when Müller & Xu [2] showed that the same thermodynamic arguments predicted the onset of internal yield and recovery inside the hysteresis loop on a well-definqd line of unstable phase equilibrium. Recently Fu, Müller and Xu [3] have reported results with improved specimens and methods of observation that may help to understand the nature of metastability inside the hysteresis loop.

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The Effects of Acute Smoking on Platelet Behaviour, Fibrinolysis and Haemorheology in Habitual Smokers

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1660996 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 51 (01) ◽

pp. 006-008 ◽

Cited By ~ 96

Author(s):

J J F Belch ◽

B M McArdle ◽

P Burns ◽

G D O Lowe ◽

C D Forbes

Keyword(s):

Platelet Aggregation ◽

Factor Viii ◽

Plasminogen Activator ◽

Arterial Thrombosis ◽

Plasma Viscosity ◽

Red Cell ◽

Cell Deformability ◽

Red Cell Deformability ◽

Cigarette Smokers ◽

Smoking Group

SummaryThere is an increased frequency of arterial thrombosis in cigarette smokers. The changes in blood coagulation seen in these subjects have been studied by many workers but results have not always been in agreement. We wished to study the effects of acute .smoking on platelet behaviour, fibrinolysis and haemorheology in ten habitual smokers, and to compare these results with nonsmoking controls. Results show that the smoking group had higher plasma fibrinogen (p <0.04), lower plasminogen (p <0.02) and plasminogen activator (p <0.05), and higher plasma viscosity (p <0.003). The changes seen in cigarette smokers after smoking three cigarettes were an increase in the rate of platelet aggregation to ADP (p <0.02), an increase in α2M, (p <0.02), and factor VIII RAG (p <0.05). Plasma viscosity was decreased (p <0.02) as was red cell deformability (p >0.02).We confirm an increased tendency to hypercoagulability in smokers compared to controls which becomes more pronounced immediately after smoking three cigarettes.

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An Assessment of Red Cell Deformability Using a Simple Filtration Method

10.1055/s-0038-1665788 ◽

1979 ◽

Author(s):

M Drummond ◽

G Lowe ◽

J Belch ◽

C Forbes ◽

J Barbenel

Keyword(s):

Cell Count ◽

Shear Viscosity ◽

White Cell Count ◽

White Cell ◽

Red Cell ◽

Cell Deformability ◽

Red Cell Deformability ◽

Simple Method ◽

Filtration Method ◽

Significant Difference

We investigated the reproducibility and validity of a simple method of measuring red cell deformability (filtration of whole blood through 5 µ sieves) and its relationship to haematocrit, blood viscosity, fibrinogen, white cell count, sex and smoking. The mean coefficient of variation in normals was 3. 7%. Tanned red cells showed marked loss of deformability. Blood filtration rate correlated with haematocrit (r = 0. 99 on dilution of samples, r = 0. 7 in 120 normals and patients). After correction for haematocrit, deformability correlated with high shear viscosity, but not low shear viscosity, fibrinogen or white cell count. In 60 normals there was no significant difference between males and females, or smokers and non-smokers, but in 11 smokers there was an acute fall in deformability after smoking 3 cigarettes (p<0. 05). Reduced deformability was found in acute myocardial infarction (n = 15, p<0. 01) and chronic peripheral arterial disease (n = 15, p<0. 01). The technique is reproducible, detects rigid cells and appears useful in the study of vascular disease.

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Coupling and decoupling of spin crossover and ferroelastic distortion: Unsymmetric hysteresis loop, phase diagram, and sequence of phases

Physical Review Materials ◽

10.1103/physrevmaterials.5.044401 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Eric Collet ◽

Giovanni Azzolina

Keyword(s):

Phase Diagram ◽

Hysteresis Loop ◽

Spin Crossover

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Weak ferromagnetic response in PbZr1−xTixO3 single crystals

Journal of Materials Chemistry C ◽

10.1039/c9tc03710a ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (36) ◽

pp. 11085-11089

Author(s):

Iwona Lazar ◽

Monika Oboz ◽

Jerzy Kubacki ◽

Andrzej Majchrowski ◽

Julita Piecha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hysteresis Loop ◽

Single Crystals ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Ferromagnetic Hysteresis ◽

First Time ◽

Ferromagnetic Hysteresis Loop ◽

Weak Ferromagnetic

For the first time, a weak ferromagnetic hysteresis loop at room temperature has been observed in PbZr1−xTixO3 (PZT) single crystals.

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In vitro effects of temperature on red blood cell deformability and membrane stability in human and various vertebrate species

Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation ◽

10.3233/ch-211118 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Adam Attila Matrai ◽

Gabor Varga ◽

Bence Tanczos ◽

Barbara Barath ◽

Adam Varga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

Red Blood Cell ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Mechanical Stability ◽

Cell Deformability ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Effects Of Temperature ◽

The Way ◽

Rbc Deformability

BACKGROUND: The effects of temperature on micro-rheological variables have not been completely revealed yet. OBJECTIVE: To investigate micro-rheological effects of heat treatment in human, rat, dog, and porcine blood samples. METHODS: Red blood cell (RBC) - buffer suspensions were prepared and immersed in a 37, 40, and 43°C heat-controlled water bath for 10 minutes. Deformability, as well as mechanical stability of RBCs were measured in ektacytometer. These tests were also examined in whole blood samples at various temperatures, gradually between 37 and 45°C in the ektacytometer. RESULTS: RBC deformability significantly worsened in the samples treated at 40 and 43°C degrees, more expressed in human, porcine, rat, and in smaller degree in canine samples. The way of heating (incubation vs. ektacytometer temperation) and the composition of the sample (RBC-PBS suspension or whole blood) resulted in the different magnitude of RBC deformability deterioration. Heating affected RBC membrane (mechanical) stability, showing controversial alterations. CONCLUSION: Significant changes occur in RBC deformability by increasing temperature, showing inter-species differences. The magnitude of alterations is depending on the way of heating and the composition of the sample. The results may contribute to better understanding the micro-rheological deterioration in hyperthermia or fever.

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Asymmetric Polarization Response of Electrons and Holes in Si FeFETs: Demonstration of Absolute Polarization Hysteresis Loop and Inversion Hole Density over $2\times 10^{13}\mathrm{cm}^{-2}$

2020 IEEE Symposium on VLSI Technology ◽

10.1109/vlsitechnology18217.2020.9265015 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

K. Toprasertpong ◽

Z. -Y. Lin ◽

T. -E. Lee ◽

M. Takenaka ◽

S. Takagi

Keyword(s):

Hysteresis Loop ◽

Hole Density ◽

Polarization Response ◽

And Inversion

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An Analytical Solution for Non-Linear Viscoelastic Impact

Mathematics ◽

10.3390/math9161849 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (16) ◽

pp. 1849

Author(s):

Stelian Alaci ◽

Constantin Filote ◽

Florina-Carmen Ciornei ◽

Oana Vasilica Grosu ◽

Maria Simona Raboaca

Keyword(s):

Analytical Solution ◽

Hysteresis Loop ◽

Viscoelastic Model ◽

First Integral ◽

Coefficient Of Restitution ◽

Contact Period ◽

Maximum Deformation ◽

Impact Parameters ◽

Simplified Algorithm ◽

The Moment

The paper presents an analytical solution for the centric viscoelastic impact of two smooth balls. The contact period has two phases, compression and restitution, delimited by the moment corresponding to maximum deformation. The motion of the system is described by a nonlinear Hunt–Crossley equation that, when compared to the linear model, presents the advantage of a hysteresis loop closing in origin. There is only a single available equation obtained from the theorem of momentum. In order to solve the problem, in the literature, there are accepted different supplementary hypotheses based on energy considerations. In the present paper, the differential equation is written under a convenient form; it is shown that it can be integrated and a first integral is found—this being the main asset of the work. Then, all impact parameters can be calculated. The effect of coefficient of restitution upon all collision characteristics is emphasized, presenting importance for the compliant materials, in the domain of small coefficients of restitution. The results (variations of approach, velocity, force vs. time and hysteresis loop) are compared to two models due to Lankarani and Flores. For quasi-elastic collisions, the results are practically the same for the three models. For smaller values of the coefficient of restitution, the results of the present paper are in good agreement only to the Flores model. The simplified algorithm for the calculus of viscoelastic impact parameters is also presented. This algorithm avoids the large calculus volume required by solving the transcendental equations and definite integrals present in the mathematical model. The method proposed, based on the viscoelastic model given by Hunt and Crossley, can be extended to the elasto–visco–plastic nonlinear impact model.

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The dielectric and polarization behavior of polyurethane-based polycarbonate diols with different content levels of fluorinated hard segments

Polymer Chemistry ◽

10.1039/d0py01682a ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wannida Chunarrom ◽

Hathaikarn Manuspiya

Keyword(s):

Hysteresis Loop ◽

Paraelectric Phase ◽

Polarization Behavior ◽

Hard Segments ◽

Different Content

The addition of a fluorinated chain improved the polarization in polyurethane, shifted the relaxation peaks, and changed the hysteresis loop behavior from a ferroelectric to a paraelectric phase.

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