Morphine modulates γδ lymphocytes cytolytic activity following BCG vaccination

Neglected pain in neonates leads to various ill effects and it can be prevented by using simple and safe non-pharmacological pain relieving measures. Pharmacologic agents are not recommended in neonates for acute pain due toinvasive procedures however, administration of 24% oralsucrose solutionis found to be effective. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of 24%oral sucrose in combination with Facilitated tucking during BCG Vaccination through intradermalroute in term neonates which is not done elsewhere. Fifty five healthy term neonates who fulfilled the inclusion criteria such as gestational age above 37 weeks, within 24 hoursof birth age, and neonates delivered only through spontaneous vaginal delivery were included in the study. The study intervention consists of administration of 2 ml of oral 24% sucrose 2 minutes before BCG Vaccination through intradermal route and Facilitated tuckingat the time of vaccination. The primary outcome measure of cumulative NIPS score at 0, 3,5 minuteswas not significant in both the study groups. Whereas there was significant reduction in the level of pain and mean cry time in the neonates of sucrose group. Heart rateand oxygen saturation after intradermal injection also showed significant (p less than 0.001) differenceamong the neonates, who received 24% of oral sucroseand Facilitated tucking than for neonates of control group. Thus oral (24%)sucrose solution given 2 minutes before injection was effective in reducing level of neonatal pain following Intradermal Vaccination. It is a simple, safe and fast acting analgesic and should be considered for minor invasive procedures in term neonates which last for 5-7minutes.

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THE IMPACT OF PREVIOUS BCG VACCINATION IN ENHANCING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TUBERCULOSIS DRUGS TO CONTROL MYCOBACTERIAL GROWTH EX-VIVO

10.26226/morressier.58fa1764d462b80290b5097b ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Satria Arief Prabowo

Keyword(s):

Ex Vivo ◽

Bcg Vaccination ◽

Mycobacterial Growth ◽

The Impact

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Case report of immunodeficiency 7, T-CELL RECEPTOR-ALPHA/BETA DEFICIENCY and BCG vaccination.

10.26226/morressier.594a7d47d462b8028d89388d ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

vilela Maria Marluce

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

T Cell ◽

T Cell Receptor ◽

Cell Receptor ◽

Receptor Alpha ◽

Bcg Vaccination ◽

Alpha Beta ◽

Cell Receptor Alpha

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Type I interferons regulate cytolytic activity of memory CD8(+) T cells in the lung airways during respiratory virus challenge.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.5200956.5139054 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Donna Farber ◽

Damian Turner

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Cd8 T Cells ◽

Respiratory Virus ◽

Cytolytic Activity ◽

Type I Interferons ◽

Type I ◽

Memory Cd8 T Cells ◽

Virus Challenge ◽

Lung Airways

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Explore the Possible Impact of BCG Vaccination Policy on the Morbidity, Mortality, and Recovery Rates due to COVID-19 Infection. (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.22052 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yue-Cune Chang

Keyword(s):

Odds Ratio ◽

Randomized Clinical Trials ◽

Vaccination Policy ◽

Bacille Calmette Guerin ◽

Recovery Rates ◽

Bcg Vaccination ◽

The World ◽

New Form ◽

The Relationship ◽

Disease Specific

BACKGROUND The Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is the new form of an acute infectious respiratory disease and has quickly spread over most continents in the world. Recently, it has been shown that Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) might protect against COVID-19. This study aims to investigate the possible correlation between BCG vaccination and morbidity/mortality/recovery rate associated with COVID-19 infection. OBJECTIVE Our findings confirm that the BCG vaccination might protect against COVID-19 virus infection. METHODS Data of COVID-19 confirmed cases, deaths, recoveries, and population were obtained from https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/ (Accessed on 12 June, 2020). To have meaningful comparisons among countries’ mortality and recovery rates, we only choose those countries with COVID-19 infected cases at least 200. The Poisson regression and logistic regression were used to explore the relationship between BCG vaccination and morbidity, mortality and recovery rates. RESULTS Among those 158 countries with at least 200 COVID-19 infected cases, there were 141 countries with BCG vaccination information available. The adjusted rates ratio of COVID-19 confirmed cases for Current BCG vaccination vs. non-Current BCG vaccination was 0.339 (with 95% CI= (0.338,0.340)). Moreover, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of death and recovery after coronavirus infected for Current BCG vaccination vs. non-Current BCG vaccination were 0.258 (with 95% CI= (0.254,0.261)) and 2.151 (with 95% CI= (2.140,2.163)), respectively. CONCLUSIONS That data in this study show the BCG might provide the protection against COVID-19, with consequent less COVID-19 infection and deaths and more rapid recovery. BCG vaccine might bridge the gap before the disease-specific vaccine is developed, but this hypothesis needs to be further tested in rigorous randomized clinical trials. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.14.20131268

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Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of BCG Vaccination against Tuberculosis in Indonesia: A Model-Based Study

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines8040707 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 707

Author(s):

Afifah Machlaurin ◽

Franklin Christiaan Karel Dolk ◽

Didik Setiawan ◽

Tjipke Sytse van der Werf ◽

Maarten J. Postma

Keyword(s):

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Control Programme ◽

Detection Rates ◽

Middle Income ◽

Bcg Vaccination ◽

Life Years ◽

The Cost

Bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG), the only available vaccine for tuberculosis (TB), has been applied for decades. The Indonesian government recently introduced a national TB disease control programme that includes several action plans, notably enhanced vaccination coverage, which can be strengthened through underpinning its favourable cost-effectiveness. We designed a Markov model to assess the cost-effectiveness of Indonesia’s current BCG vaccination programme. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were evaluated from the perspectives of both society and healthcare. The robustness of the analysis was confirmed through univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA). Using epidemiological data compiled for Indonesia, BCG vaccination at a price US$14 was estimated to be a cost-effective strategy in controlling TB disease. From societal and healthcare perspectives, ICERs were US$104 and US$112 per quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), respectively. The results were robust for variations of most variables in the univariate analysis. Notably, the vaccine’s effectiveness regarding disease protection, vaccination costs, and case detection rates were key drivers for cost-effectiveness. The PSA results indicated that vaccination was cost-effective even at US$175 threshold in 95% of cases, approximating the monthly GDP per capita. Our findings suggest that this strategy was highly cost-effective and merits prioritization and extension within the national TB programme. Our results may be relevant for other high endemic low- and middle-income countries.

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