scholarly journals Conflict management in rooks (Corvus frugilegus): Victims do not display post-conflict affiliation but avoid their former aggressor

2020 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 104198
Author(s):  
Aïcha Mohamed Benkada ◽  
Florence Pontier ◽  
Valérie Dufour
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Management ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Corvus Frugilegus

Fostering relations with a host country: A case study of the OSCE and Tadjikistan

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Management ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Conflict Prevention ◽  
Post Conflict

AbstractThe OSCE's mandate for early warning, conflict prevention, conflict management and post-conflict rehabilitation based on its approach to comprehensive security through its network of field offices is implemented on a daily basis. Constructive relations with a host country are an important factor in their success, yet not always easy to achieve. This article provides a case study of one endeavour to strengthen these relations.

scholarly journals The effect of domestication on post-conflict management: wolves reconcile while dogs avoid each other

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 171553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Cafazzo ◽  
Sarah Marshall-Pescini ◽  
Martina Lazzaroni ◽  
Zsófia Virányi ◽  
Friederike Range
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Management ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Social Species ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Latency Duration

Highly cooperative social species are expected to engage in frequent reconciliation following conflicts in order to maintain pack cohesiveness and preserve future cooperation. By contrast, in social species with low reliance on cooperation, reconciliation is expected to be less frequent. Here, we investigate the pattern of reconciliation in four captive wolf packs and four captive dog packs. We provide evidence for reconciliation in captive wolves, which are highly dependent on cooperation between pack members, while domestic dogs, which rely on conspecific cooperation less than wolves, avoided interacting with their partners after conflicts. Occurrence, intensity, latency, duration and initiation of wolf reconciliations appeared to vary as a consequence of a compromise between the costs (e.g. risk of further aggression) and the benefits (e.g. restoring relationship with opponents) of such interactions. Our results are in line with previous findings on various wolf packs living under different social and ecological conditions, suggesting that reconciliation is an important strategy for maintaining functional relationships and pack cohesiveness. However, current results on dogs are in contrast to the only other study showing that reconciliation can occur also in this species. Therefore, the occurrence of reconciliation in dogs may be influenced by social and environmental conditions more than in wolves. Which factors promote and modulate reconciliation in dogs needs to be further investigated.

Conflict Management and Resolution

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon D. Lundy ◽  
Edwin Njonguo
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Management ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Conflict Reconciliation ◽  
The Individual

Conflict management and resolution are processes for dealing with discord or facilitating peaceful and satisfactory cessations to conflict, and even potentially its transformation. Ideas and actions about how disputes are handled within various historical, geographic, political, economic, and cultural contexts and structures come from a range of positions, people, and institutions, with some approaches having empirical, experiential, precedential, authoritative, or intuitive support. The aggregation, analysis, and dissemination of these processes have led to the development of related fields within peace and conflict studies. Identified approaches to conflict management and resolution include, but are not limited to, alternative dispute resolution (negotiation, facilitation, mediation, case analysis, early neutral evaluation, conciliation, and arbitration), peacebuilding, and diplomacy. As an interdisciplinary field, scholarship is drawn from a broad range of academic disciplines, including social psychology, law, economics, and political science. These theories and processes are often systematically designed toward specific ends (e.g., management, analysis, resolution, transformation) and get applied at the individual, community, institutional, regional, state, and/or international levels. Through an analysis of the extant African studies resources focusing on conflict management and resolution, emergent themes fall into two broad categories: applied mechanisms of conflict management and resolution, and conflict issues affecting the continent. The African continent has seen its fair share of violent and intractable conflicts, both intra- and interstate. From the Arab Spring in Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya beginning in 2010 to the Niger Delta conflict and Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria, Kenyan presidential election violence, or South African water shortages, conflict and the need for its management, analysis, and resolution are abundant. Engagement (not isolation) and active dialogue, collaboration, and conflict sensitivity (i.e., do no harm) are essential keys to studying, managing, resolving, and transforming the diverse range of conflict situations found throughout Africa. External, internal (i.e., indigenous or localized), and hybrid models can open and sustain pathways to peace. Many scholars now argue that conflict management, analysis, and resolution must address root causes, take an interdisciplinary approach, not conflate conflict and violence, use multiscalar perspectives (i.e., individual, group, state, interstate), and employ multicultural sensitivities attuned to cultural contexts and global sources of conflict. Scholars and practitioners must investigate and better understand the origins, causes, resolution, and consequences of conflicts in contemporary Africa in relation to their postcolonial contexts. Concerns include ethnic, religious, political, and environmental conflict factors, as well as demographic pressures. The stakeholder roles in post-conflict reconciliation and reconstruction should also be determined and continually evaluated to ensure effectiveness in African conflicts.

Thoughts on the Conflict Management Field after 30 Years

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chester A. Crocker
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Management ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Barriers To Entry ◽  
Smart Power ◽  
Hard Power ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Field Of Inquiry

AbstractThis article surveys the emergence of conflict management from the academic and policy shadows into a far more prominent field of inquiry and practice. As the barriers to entry into third party roles collapsed at the end of the Cold War, the field of conflict management expanded, diversified, and fragmented into a range of practice areas (scholarly, policy-oriented, and operational). Four phases of this evolution are identified. An increasingly crowded field lacks gatekeepers or natural coherence, underscoring the need for leadership and sustained, coordinated efforts. The study of mediation has blossomed around the work of Zartman and others, while the policy community has swung back and forth in its enthusiasm for third party roles in an age where hard power and smart power vie for pride of place. Conflict management responses are increasingly spontaneous, ad hoc and case-specific. Debate is emerging over the pros and cons of engaging with armed non-state actors that are placed on proscribed lists in the struggle against terrorism. Post-conflict challenges continue to pose a severe test to practitioners of peacebuilding.

scholarly journals Conflict resolution in socially housed Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii)

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin S. Kopp ◽  
Katja Liebal
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Conflict Management ◽  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Aggressive Interactions ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Group Life

BackgroundPeaceful conflict resolution strategies have been identified as effective mechanisms for minimising the potential costs of group life in many gregarious species, especially in primates. The knowledge of conflict-management in orangutans, though, is still extremely limited. Given their semi-solitary lives in the wild, there seems to be barely a need for orangutans to apply conflict management strategies other than avoidance. However, because of the rapid loss of orangutan habitat due to deforestation, opportunities to prevent conflicts by dispersion are shrinking. Additionally, more and more orangutans are brought into rehabilitation centres where they are bound to live in close contact with conspecifics. This raises the questions of whether and how orangutans are able to cope with conflicts, which are inevitably connected with group life.MethodsObservational zoo-studies provide a valuable method to investigate such potential: in zoos, orangutans usually live in permanent groups and face the challenges of group life every day. Therefore, we observed a group of six socially-housed Sumatran orangutans at the Dortmund Zoo, Germany, both in their spacious outdoor enclosure in the summer and in the less spacious indoor enclosure in the winter. During 157.5 h of observation, we collected data on aggressive interactions, third-party interventions and post-conflict affiliations. We applied the post-conflict/matched-control observation (PC/MC) and the time rule method to investigate the occurrence of reconciliation and post-conflict third-party affiliations.ResultsWe recorded a total of 114 aggressive interactions (including conflicts in the context of weaning and of male sexual coercion). As expected, we found an increase of both open conflicts and peaceful conflict resolution under less spacious conditions. In accordance with previous reports, we observed interventions by initially uninvolved individuals. Whereas we found no clear evidence for post-conflict third-party affiliations, we were able to demonstrate the occurrence of reconciliation among orangutans.DiscussionNotwithstanding the small sample size and the explorative character of our study, we found evidence that orangutans possess a potential for prosocial conflict resolution. When living in groups and under conditions in which dispersion is no longer an option, orangutans are capable to flexibly apply strategies of conflict resolution to cease open conflicts and to repair the potential social damage of aggressive interactions. These strategies are similar to those of other great apes.

Modern Warfare in Former Yugoslavia and Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-326
Author(s):  
R. Craig Nation
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Management ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Peace Building ◽  
Former Yugoslavia ◽  
Cooperative Security ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Peace Enforcement ◽  
Modern Warfare ◽  
External Actors ◽  
East West

The wars in former Yugoslavia from 1991–2001, and Ukraine from 2014 to the present, provide revealing examples of the ways in which contemporary armed conflict is evolving. Their origins lay in domestic rather than inter-state disputes, and they emerged as civil wars born of state failure. The belligerent factions were diverse, including established states, new national polities, and radicalized non-state actors. Operationally the wars were liquid conflicts where adversaries, lacking decisive combat power, often shunned conventional military objectives in favor of attacks on populations, terroristic posturing, and symbolic gestures. The conflicts were internationalized, with powerful external actors at odds over responsibility and preferred outcomes. They were European wars, with European and Euro-Atlantic institutions directly engaged in conflict management, peace enforcement, and post-conflict peace building. The conflicts have contributed to the break down of cooperative security in 21st century Europe and the re-opening of an East-West divide running through the heart of the continent. Managing and containing such clashes is and will remain a major strategic challenge.

scholarly journals Experimental evidence for delayed post-conflict management behaviour in wild dwarf mongooses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Morris-Drake ◽  
Julie Kern ◽  
Andy Radford
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Management ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Playback Experiment ◽  
Group Conflict ◽  
Temporal Delay ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Delayed Effects ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Management Behaviour

In many species, within-group conflict leads to immediate avoidance of potential aggressors or increases in affiliation, but no studies have investigated delayed post-conflict management behaviour. Here, we experimentally test that possibility using wild dwarf mongooses (Helogale parvula). First, we used natural and playback-simulated foraging displacements to demonstrate that bystanders take notice of the vocalisations produced during such within-group conflict events. We then used another playback experiment to assess delayed effects of within-group conflict on grooming interactions. Overall, fewer individuals groomed on evenings following an afternoon of simulated conflict, but those that did groomed more than on control evenings. Subordinate bystanders groomed with the simulated aggressor significantly less, and groomed more with one another, on conflict compared to control evenings. Our study provides experimental evidence that dwarf mongooses acoustically obtain information about within-group contests (including protagonist identity), retain that information and use it to inform conflict-management decisions with a temporal delay.

Play, aggressive conflict and reconciliation in pre-school children: what matters?

Behaviour ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 153 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 1075-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giada Cordoni ◽  
Elisa Demuru ◽  
Enrico Ceccarelli ◽  
Elisabetta Palagi
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Conflict Management ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
School Children ◽  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Post Conflict

Play provides children with the opportunity to train in fundamental social skills, including conflict management. Here, we evaluate the management of play, aggressive conflict and reconciliation in 3- to 5-year-old preschool children. 3-year-old children show the highest levels of aggressive conflicts in free play, and do not reconcile their aggressive conflicts in the first months of the preschool year because they still lack social capacities to successfully manage interactions with peers. We found no gender bias in being aggressors or victims, but gender-typed traits were reflected in the expression of aggressiveness in same-sex peers for boys, who rely more on physical contacts than girls. Gender segregation in play is seen only in boys, regardless of age. Our results emphasize the importance of considering play, aggressive conflicts, and reconciliation as a whole, in order to obtain a comprehensive overview of the development of pre- and post-conflict dynamics in humans.

Quality of conflict management in construction project context

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 1191-1211
Author(s):  
Fangwei Zhu ◽  
Linzhuo Wang ◽  
Miao Yu ◽  
Xiaotian Yang
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Management ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Measurement Theory ◽  
Construction Project ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Fairness Perception ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Conflict Effect

PurposeA growing number of studies have become focused on managing conflict more effectively and comprehensively in the construction industry. However, little research has aimed to operationalize all the facets related to the quality of conflict management that are necessary in governing conflict management. The purpose of this article is to propose a new model measuring the quality of conflict management in a construction project context that is not only inclusive but also practical.Design/methodology/approachTo address this research gap, the authors used the measurement theory to investigate a series of studies, and then, developed a scale to operationalize the concept of quality of conflict management in a project context.FindingsThe findings show five dimensions to the quality of conflict management: satisfactory resolution outcome, integrated resolution process, conflict prevention, fairness perception, and post-conflict effect.Originality/valueThe research findings contribute to conflict management theory by providing the conceptualization and operationalization of conflict management quality. Practitioners will benefit from this article by understanding effective and efficient ways of managing conflicts in construction projects.

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