A 3D in vitro model of patient-derived prostate cancer xenograft for controlled interrogation of in vivo tumor-stromal interactions

The volume is one of the most relevant features that define the treatment of an in vivo tumour. When using cancer 3D in vitro models in pre-clinical studies, it becomes important to evaluate the macroscopic effects of drugs and radiotherapy treatments. Depending on the nature of the 3D in vitro model used, different open-source solutions can be used for measuring the volume by starting from microscope-acquired images. In this work, we introduced several open-source tools today available for estimating the volume of 3D multicellular aggregates (e.g., spheroids, organoids), also giving hints for defining the “best software” by analysing characteristics of 3D in vitro models and limits of the tools. Finally, using several cancer organoids imaged by a fluorescent microscope, we compared volume estimations obtained with different tools, besides presenting a new version of the Reconstruction and Visualization from Multiple Sections (ReViMS version 2.0) tool. This work aims to be the reference for researchers interested in estimating the volume of 3D multicellular aggregates through an open-source tool.

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The Syrian Hamster Embryo (SHE) Cell Transformation System: A Biologically Relevant In Vitro Model− with Carcinogen Predicting Capabilities− of In Vivo Multistage Neoplastic Transformation

Critical Reviews™ in Oncogenesis ◽

10.1615/critrevoncog.v6.i3-6.30 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 6 (3-6) ◽

pp. 251-260 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Robert J. Isfort ◽

Robert A. LeBoeuf

Keyword(s):

Syrian Hamster ◽

In Vitro Model ◽

Cell Transformation ◽

Neoplastic Transformation ◽

Transformation System ◽

Biologically Relevant ◽

System A ◽

Vitro Model

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Engineering a 3D in vitro model of human skeletal muscle at the single fiber scale

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0232081 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. e0232081 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anna Urciuolo ◽

Elena Serena ◽

Rusha Ghua ◽

Susi Zatti ◽

Monica Giomo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Human Skeletal Muscle ◽

In Vitro Model ◽

Single Fiber ◽

3D In Vitro Model ◽

Vitro Model

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Generation of a Novel In Vitro Model to Study Endothelial Dysfunction from Atherothrombotic Specimens

Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy ◽

10.1007/s10557-021-07151-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Susan Gallogly ◽

Takeshi Fujisawa ◽

John D. Hung ◽

Mairi Brittan ◽

Elizabeth M. Skinner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Cells ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

In Vitro Model ◽

Umbilical Vein ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

Coronary Endothelial Cells ◽

Vitro Model ◽

Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

Abstract Purpose Endothelial dysfunction is central to the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndrome. The study of diseased endothelium is very challenging due to inherent difficulties in isolating endothelial cells from the coronary vascular bed. We sought to isolate and characterise coronary endothelial cells from patients undergoing thrombectomy for myocardial infarction to develop a patient-specific in vitro model of endothelial dysfunction. Methods In a prospective cohort study, 49 patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention with thrombus aspiration. Specimens were cultured, and coronary endothelial outgrowth (CEO) cells were isolated. CEO cells, endothelial cells isolated from peripheral blood, explanted coronary arteries, and umbilical veins were phenotyped and assessed functionally in vitro and in vivo. Results CEO cells were obtained from 27/37 (73%) atherothrombotic specimens and gave rise to cells with cobblestone morphology expressing CD146 (94 ± 6%), CD31 (87 ± 14%), and von Willebrand factor (100 ± 1%). Proliferation of CEO cells was impaired compared to both coronary artery and umbilical vein endothelial cells (population doubling time, 2.5 ± 1.0 versus 1.6 ± 0.3 and 1.2 ± 0.3 days, respectively). Cell migration was also reduced compared to umbilical vein endothelial cells (29 ± 20% versus 85±19%). Importantly, unlike control endothelial cells, dysfunctional CEO cells did not incorporate into new vessels or promote angiogenesis in vivo. Conclusions CEO cells can be reliably isolated and cultured from thrombectomy specimens in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Compared to controls, patient-derived coronary endothelial cells had impaired capacity to proliferate, migrate, and contribute to angiogenesis. CEO cells could be used to identify novel therapeutic targets to enhance endothelial function and prevent acute coronary syndromes.

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3D Environment Is Required In Vitro to Demonstrate Altered Bone Metabolism Characteristic for Type 2 Diabetics

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22062925 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 2925

Author(s):

Victor Häussling ◽

Romina H Aspera-Werz ◽

Helen Rinderknecht ◽

Fabian Springer ◽

Christian Arnscheidt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Metabolism ◽

In Vitro Model ◽

Bone Diseases ◽

3D Environment ◽

Type 2 Diabetics ◽

Mineralized Matrix ◽

Vitro Model

A large British study, with almost 3000 patients, identified diabetes as main risk factor for delayed and nonunion fracture healing, the treatment of which causes large costs for the health system. In the past years, much progress has been made to treat common complications in diabetics. However, there is still a lack of advanced strategies to treat diabetic bone diseases. To develop such therapeutic strategies, mechanisms leading to massive bone alterations in diabetics have to be well understood. We herein describe an in vitro model displaying bone metabolism frequently observed in diabetics. The model is based on osteoblastic SaOS-2 cells, which in direct coculture, stimulate THP-1 cells to form osteoclasts. While in conventional 2D cocultures formation of mineralized matrix is decreased under pre-/diabetic conditions, formation of mineralized matrix is increased in 3D cocultures. Furthermore, we demonstrate a matrix stability of the 3D carrier that is decreased under pre-/diabetic conditions, resembling the in vivo situation in type 2 diabetics. In summary, our results show that a 3D environment is required in this in vitro model to mimic alterations in bone metabolism characteristic for pre-/diabetes. The ability to measure both osteoblast and osteoclast function, and their effect on mineralization and stability of the 3D carrier offers the possibility to use this model also for other purposes, e.g., drug screenings.

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Synaptic background noise controls the input/output characteristics of single cells in an in vitro model of in vivo activity

Neuroscience ◽

10.1016/j.neuroscience.2003.08.027 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 122 (3) ◽

pp. 811-829 ◽

Cited By ~ 162

Author(s):

J.-M Fellous ◽

M Rudolph ◽

A Destexhe ◽

T.J Sejnowski

Keyword(s):

Background Noise ◽

In Vitro Model ◽

Single Cells ◽

Input Output ◽

Vitro Model ◽

Output Characteristics

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Exposure of ichnovirus particles to digitonin leads to enhanced infectivity and induces fusion from without in an in vitro model system

Journal of General Virology ◽

10.1099/vir.0.83118-0 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 88 (11) ◽

pp. 2977-2984 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Don Stoltz ◽

Renée Lapointe ◽

Andrea Makkay ◽

Michel Cusson

Keyword(s):

Outer Membrane ◽

In Vitro Model ◽

Model System ◽

Host Cells ◽

Fusion Event ◽

Susceptible Host ◽

In Vitro Model System ◽

Vitro Model

Unlike most viruses, the mature ichnovirus particle possesses two unit membrane envelopes. Following loss of the outer membrane in vivo, nucleocapsids are believed to gain entry into the cytosol via a membrane fusion event involving the inner membrane and the plasma membrane of susceptible host cells; accordingly, experimentally induced damage to the outer membrane might be expected to increase infectivity. Here, in an attempt to develop an in vitro model system for studying ichnovirus infection, we show that digitonin-induced disruption of the virion outer membrane not only increases infectivity, but also uncovers an activity not previously associated with any polydnavirus: fusion from without.

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