Cognitive Ability and MRI-Predicted Age Gap in Healthy Individuals From a Large Epidemiological Sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. S152-S153
Author(s):  
Mathilde Antoniades ◽  
Amirhossein Modabbernia ◽  
Gaelle Doucet ◽  
Shalaila Haas ◽  
Sophia Frangou
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Age Gap ◽  
Epidemiological Sample

scholarly journals Sex-specific effects of polygenic risk for schizophrenia on lifespan cognitive functioning in healthy individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise Koch ◽  
Lars Nyberg ◽  
Anders Lundquist ◽  
Sara Pudas ◽  
Rolf Adolfsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Polygenic Risk Score ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Male Specific

AbstractPolygenic risk for schizophrenia has been associated with lower cognitive ability and age-related cognitive change in healthy individuals. Despite well-established neuropsychological sex differences in schizophrenia patients, genetic studies on sex differences in schizophrenia in relation to cognitive phenotypes are scarce. Here, we investigated whether the effect of a polygenic risk score (PRS) for schizophrenia on childhood, midlife, and late-life cognitive function in healthy individuals is modified by sex, and if PRS is linked to accelerated cognitive decline. Using a longitudinal data set from healthy individuals aged 25–100 years (N = 1459) spanning a 25-year period, we found that PRS was associated with lower cognitive ability (episodic memory, semantic memory, visuospatial ability), but not with accelerated cognitive decline. A significant interaction effect between sex and PRS was seen on cognitive task performance, and sex-stratified analyses showed that the effect of PRS was male-specific. In a sub-sample, we observed a male-specific effect of the PRS on school performance at age 12 (N = 496). Our findings of sex-specific effects of schizophrenia genetics on cognitive functioning across the lifespan indicate that the effects of underlying disease genetics on cognitive functioning is dependent on biological processes that differ between the sexes.

F128. Transcriptomics of Brain Age Gap Estimate (BrainAGE): Association Analysis of Depressed and Healthy Individuals

2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. S287
Author(s):  
Trang Le ◽  
Masaya Misaki ◽  
Hideo Suzuki ◽  
Jonathan Savitz ◽  
Martin Paulus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Analysis ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Age Gap ◽  
Gap Estimate ◽  
Brain Age

scholarly journals Neurofilament Light Chain and Cognitive Performance in Selected Siblings From the CATSLife Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 121-121
Author(s):  
Chandra Reynolds ◽  
Andrew Smolen ◽  
Christopher Link ◽  
Sally Wadsworth
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Light Chain ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Apoe Genotype ◽  
General Cognitive Ability ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Neurofilament Light Chain ◽  
Neurofilament Light ◽  
Case Status

Abstract Markers of neurodegeneration such as neurofilament light chain (NfL) may be elevated with neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) as well as Alzheimer’s disease. NfL is a marker of axonal integrity where higher values positively relate to the degree of damage. NfL shows variations in early adulthood among healthy individuals and may relate to executive function performance in otherwise healthy individuals aged 19-32 years. In the ongoing CATSLife (Colorado Adoption/Twin Study of Lifespan behavioral development and cognitive aging) Quanterix Simoa assays of NfL were measured in 34 individuals selected based on self-reported neuroinflammatory conditions (N = 5) or by APOE genotype (N_nonE4 = 18, N_E4 = 16). The distribution of NfL was consistent with other studies of early-mid adulthood (range = 1.3 - 22.3 pg/ml). Based on partial regression weights predicting log-transformed NfL, NfL was higher in cases (exp(b)=1.08 pg/ml), in males (exp(b)=1.25 pg/ml), by age (exp(b)=1.03 pg/ml per year) and in APOE E4 carriers (exp(b)=1.11 p/mg). Moreover, correlations partialed for age, sex, APOE e4 and case status suggest higher NfL may be associated with lower Full Scale IQ and general cognitive ability (r’s = -.18 and -. 28) overall and may be more evident among APOE E4 carriers (r’s = -.42 - .44, partialed for age, sex, case status). In this pilot study, the observed NfL associations with general cognitive ability, particularly among APOE E4 carriers, suggests NfL may be a salient biomarker of cognitive functioning by early- to mid-adulthood.

scholarly journals Sex-specific effects of polygenic risk for schizophrenia on lifespan cognitive functioning in healthy individuals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise Koch ◽  
Lars Nyberg ◽  
Anders Lundquist ◽  
Sara Pudas ◽  
Rolf Adolfsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Polygenic Risk Score ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Male Specific

Polygenic risk for schizophrenia has been associated with lower cognitive ability and age-related cognitive change in healthy individuals. Despite well-established neuropsychological sex differences in schizophrenia patients, genetic studies on sex differences in schizophrenia in relation to cognitive phenotypes are scarce. Here, we investigated whether the effect of a polygenic risk score (PRS) for schizophrenia on childhood, midlife and late life cognitive function in healthy individuals is modified by sex, and if PRS is linked to accelerated cognitive decline. Using a longitudinal data set from healthy individuals aged 25-100 years (N = 1,459) spanning a 25-year period, we found that PRS was associated with lower cognitive ability (episodic memory, semantic memory, visuospatial ability), but not with accelerated cognitive decline. A significant interaction effect between sex and PRS was seen on cognitive task performance, and sex-stratified analyses showed that the effect of PRS was male-specific. In a sub-sample, we observed a male-specific effect of the PRS on school performance at age 12 (N = 496). Our findings of sex-specific effects of schizophrenia genetics on cognitive functioning across the life-span indicate that the effects of underlying disease genetics on cognitive functioning is dependent on biological processes that differ between the sexes.

Morphological and elemental analysis of isolated incubated frog retina-choroid

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 298-299
Author(s):  
B. J. Panessa-Warren ◽  
J. B. Warren ◽  
H. W. Kraner
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Human Retina ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Frog Retina ◽  
Isolated Retina ◽  
Vertebrate Eye ◽  
Retina Pigment Epithelium

Our previous studies have demonstrated that abnormally high amounts of calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) can be accumulated in human retina-choroid under pathological conditions and that barium (Ba), which was not detected in the eyes of healthy individuals, is deposited in the retina pigment epithelium (RPE), and to a lesser extent in the sensory retina and iris. In an attempt to understand how these cations can be accumulated in the vertebrate eye, a morphological and microanalytical study of the uptake and loss of specific cations (K, Ca,Ba,Zn) was undertaken with incubated Rana catesbiana isolated retina and RPE preparations. Large frogs (650-800 gms) were dark adapted, guillotined and their eyes enucleated in deep ruby light. The eyes were hemisected behind the ora serrata and the anterior portion of the eye removed. The eyecup was bisected along the plane of the optic disc and the two segments of retina peeled away from the RPE and incubated.

Qualitative and quantitative assessment of nailfold capillaries by capillaroscopy in healthy volunteers

VASA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoerth ◽  
Kundi ◽  
Katzenschlager ◽  
Hirschl
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Connective Tissue Diseases ◽  
Capillary Density ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Extreme Position ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Diffuse Loss ◽  
Density Results

Background: Nailfold capillaroscopy (NVC) is a diagnostic tool particularly useful in the differential diagnosis of rheumatic and connective tissue diseases. Although successfully applied since many years, little is known about prevalence and distribution of NVC changes in healthy individuals. Probands and methods: NVC was performed in 120 individuals (57 men and 63 women; age 18 to 70 years) randomly selected according to predefined age and sex strata. Diseases associated with NVC changes were excluded. The nailfolds of eight fingers were assessed according to standardized procedures. A scoring system was developed based on the distribution of the number of morphologically deviating capillaries, microhaemorrhages, and capillary density. Results: Only 18 individuals (15 %) had no deviation in morphology, haemorrhages, or capillary density on any finger. Overall 67 % had morphological changes, 48 % had microhaemorrhages, and 40 % of volunteers below 40 years of age and 18 % above age 40 had less than 8 capillaries/mm. Among morphological changes tortous (43 %), ramified (47 %), and bushy capillaries (27 %) were the most frequently altered capillary types. A semiquantitative scoring system was developed in such a way that a score above 1 indicates an extreme position (above the 90th percentile) in the distribution of scores among healthy individuals. Conclusions: Altered capillaries occur frequently among healthy individuals and should be interpreted as normal unless a suspicious increase in their frequency is determined by reference to the scoring system. Megacapillaries and diffuse loss of capillaries were not found and seem to be of specific diagnostic value.

A Latent State-Trait Analysis of Current Achievement Motivation Across Different Tasks of Cognitive Ability

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 318-327
Author(s):  
Philipp Alexander Freund ◽  
Vanessa Katharina Jaensch ◽  
Franzis Preckel
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Fear Of Failure ◽  
Specific Task ◽  
Test Taker ◽  
Specific Interest ◽  
Probability Of Success ◽  
Ability Tests ◽  
Perceived Challenge

Abstract. The current study investigates the behavior of task-specific, current achievement motivation (CAM: interest in the task, probability of success, perceived challenge, and fear of failure) across a variety of reasoning tasks featuring verbal, numerical, and figural content. CAM is conceptualized as a state-like variable, and in order to assess the relative stability of the four CAM variables across different tasks, latent state trait analyses are conducted. The major findings indicate that the degree of challenge a test taker experiences and the fear of failing a given task appear to be relatively stable regardless of the specific task utilized, whereas interest and probability of success are more directly influenced by task-specific characteristics and demands. Furthermore, task performance is related to task-specific interest and probability of success. We discuss the implications and benefits of these results with regard to the use of cognitive ability tests in general. Importantly, taking motivational differences between test takers into account appears to offer valuable information which helps to explain differences in task performance.

Sex Differences in Childhood Associations between DNA Markers and General Cognitive Ability

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalind Arden ◽  
Nicole Harlaar ◽  
Robert Plomin
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
General Cognitive Ability ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
The Difference

Abstract. An association between intelligence at age 7 and a set of five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) has been identified and replicated. We used this composite SNP set to investigate whether the associations differ between boys and girls for general cognitive ability at ages 2, 3, 4, 7, 9, and 10 years. In a longitudinal community sample of British twins aged 2-10 (n > 4,000 individuals), we found that the SNP set is more strongly associated with intelligence in males than in females at ages 7, 9, and 10 and the difference is significant at 10. If this finding replicates in other studies, these results will constitute the first evidence of the same autosomal genes acting differently on intelligence in the two sexes.

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