The effect of harvest time, dry matter content and mechanical pretreatments on anaerobic digestion and enzymatic hydrolysis of miscanthus

2016 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 1008-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Frydendal-Nielsen ◽  
Maibritt Hjorth ◽  
Sanmohan Baby ◽  
Claus Felby ◽  
Uffe Jørgensen ◽  
...  
2018 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Battista ◽  
Mélanie Gomez Almendros ◽  
Romain Rousset ◽  
Serge Boivineau ◽  
Pierre-Antoine Bouillon

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria M. Estevez ◽  
Roar Linjordet ◽  
Svein J. Horn ◽  
John Morken

The anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic wastes that contain nitrogen leads to its mineralization, yielding a digestate rich in ammonium (NH4+), an important fertilizing nutrient. The applicability of AD digestate as fertilizer can be improved by fixating the nutrients and increasing its dry matter content. Methods for the fixation and recovery of the digestate's NH4+ and possible also PO43− include struvite precipitation and adsorption in clay materials such as bentonite. These techniques were tested in batch experiments employing the liquid fraction of a digestate originating from the AD of a substrate mix containing lignocellulose, cattle manure and fish industrial waste. The concentration of NH4+-N in this digestate was 2,300 mg L−1. Struvite precipitation conditions at a molar ratio of 1.2:1:1 (Mg2+:NH4+:PO43−) and pH 9.5 were best in terms of simultaneous removal of NH4+-N (88%), PO43− (60%) and soluble chemical oxygen demand (44%). Bentonite adsorption gave comparably high removal levels for NH4+-N (82%) and PO43− (52%). Analysis of the precipitates' morphology and elemental composition confirmed their struvite and bentonite nature. Dry matter content was increased from 5.8% in the AD digestate to 27% and 22% in the struvite and bentonite sludges, respectively.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Insun Sangadji

Improving local feedstuff which is abundantly available in Maluku Province suh as sago (Metroxylon rumphii) by-product to be a nutritional feedstuff for live is an innovative way to address the scarcity of nutritious feed for livestock in Maluku. The purpose of this research was arranged into a complete randomized design with four treatments: control (no fermentation), before harvest (after full mycelium), the first harvest, and the second harvest. Each treatment was replicated triple. Least square test was applied to determine the statistical differences among the treatmenst.  The observed variables were dry matter, crude protein, Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) and lignin. The result showed that there were significant differences (P<0.05) on dry matter content, protein content, NDF, ADF and lignin content among treatments. Average dry matter content in each treatment was 40.08%, 35.16%, 28,78% and 27,23% for control, before harvest, the second harvest and the first harvest, respectively. Avarage protein content in each treatment was 5.52%, 5.33%, 5.21% and 2.05% for before harvest, the first harvest, the second harvest and control, respectively. Avarage NDF content in each treatment was 55.59%, 51.21%, 48.73% and 46.43% for control, before harvest, the first harvest and the second harvest, respectively. Average ADF content in each treatment was 46.53%, 44.57%, 43.74% and 42.13% for control, before harvest, the secobd harvest and the first harvest, respectively. Average lignin content in each treatment was 5.63%,4.37%, 3.29% and 3.21% for control, before harvest, the second harvest and the first harvesst, respectively. Based on nutrient content, it is suggested that fermented sago by-product on the first harvest time can be applied as livestock feedstuff. However, fermented sago by-product on the second harvest time is economical.


2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
G. Hadi

The dry matter and moisture contents of the aboveground vegetative organs and kernels of four maize hybrids were studied in Martonvásár at five harvest dates, with four replications per hybrid. The dry matter yield per hectare of the kernels and other plant organs were investigated in order to obtain data on the optimum date of harvest for the purposes of biogas and silage production.It was found that the dry mass of the aboveground vegetative organs, both individually and in total, did not increase after silking. During the last third of the ripening period, however, a significant reduction in the dry matter content was sometimes observed as a function of the length of the vegetation period. The data suggest that, with the exception of extreme weather conditions or an extremely long vegetation period, the maximum dry matter yield could be expected to range from 22–42%, depending on the vegetation period of the variety. The harvest date should be chosen to give a kernel moisture content of above 35% for biogas production and below 35% for silage production. In this phenophase most varieties mature when the stalks are still green, so it is unlikely that transport costs can be reduced by waiting for the vegetative mass to dry.


2020 ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Е.В. Янченко

Цель исследований – дать оценку сохраняемости и болезнеустойчивости современных сортов и гибридов моркови столовой и определить корреляционные зависимости влияния биохимических показателей качества на сохраняемость и степень поражения моркови столовой различными видами болезней в процессе хранения. Исследования проводились в 2011–2016 годах во ВНИИО – филиале ФГБНУ ФНЦО по общепринятым методикам. В биохимической лаборатории отдела земледелия и агрохимии содержание сухого вещества определяли высушиванием до абсолютно сухого веса, общего сахара – по Бертрану, аскорбиновой кислоты – по Мурри, нитраты – ионоселективным методом. При характеристике моркови столовой важнейший показатель, определяющий его качество – количество сухого вещества и сахаров. В процессе хранения были выявлены следующие болезни моркови: серая гниль (Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.), белая гниль (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.)), белая парша (Rhizoctonia carotae Rad.), альтернариоз (Alternaria radicina M., Dr. et E.). В большей степени сортообразцы моркови столовой поражались серой гнилью. Лучшими по сохраняемости сортообразцами были Корсар (94,6%), F1Берлин (94,5%), Берликум Роял (94,1%) и F1 Звезда (94%). Сохраняемость у зарубежных сортов и гибридов моркови столовой была немного выше, чем у отечественных (на 0,4%) как за счет меньшей величины убыли массы (6,3% против 6,4%), так и потерь от болезней (1,6% против 1,9%). Сохраняемость корнеплодов моркови находится в прямой корреляционной зависимости от содержания сухого вещества (r=+0,41), каротиноидов (r=+0,39), моносахаров (r­=+0,30) и суммы сахаров (r=+0,27). Проявление серой гнили находится в обратной корреляционной связи с содержанием сухого вещества и каротиноидов (r=-0,37 и r=-0,35 соответственно), белой парши – в прямой корреляции с содержанием сухого вещества , моносахаров и дисахаров (r= +0,21; r= +0,39; r= -0,41 соответственно), белой гнили в обратной корреляционной связи с содержанием сухого вещества, моносахаров и дисахаров. The purpose of the research is to assess the persistence and disease resistance of modern varieties and hybrids of carrots and to determine the correlation between the influence of biochemical quality indicators on the persistence and degree of damage to carrots by various types of diseases during storage. The research was conducted in 2011–2016 at ARRIVG – branch of FSBSI FSVC, according to generally accepted methods. In the biochemical laboratory of the Department of Agriculture and Agrochemistry, the dry matter content was determined by drying to absolutely dry weight, total sugar – by Bertran, ascorbic acid – by Murri, nitrates – by the ion-selective method. When describing carrots, the most important indicator that determines its quality is the amount of dry matter and sugars. During storage, the following diseases of carrots were detected: gray rot (Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.), white rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.), white scab (Rhizoctonia carotae Rad.), alternariasis (Alternaria radicina M., Dr. et E.). To a greater extent, varieties of table carrots were affected by gray rot. The best preserved varieties were Corsar (94.6%), F1 Berlin (94.5%), Berlicum Royal (94.1%) and F1 Zvezda (94%). The persistence of foreign varieties and hybrids of table carrots was slightly higher than that of domestic ones by 0.4%. both due to a smaller amount of weight loss (6.3% vs. 6.4%) and losses from diseases (1.6% vs. 1.9%). The persistence of carrot root crops is directly correlated with the content of dry matter (r=+0.41), carotenoids (r=+0.39), monosaccharides (r=+0.30) and the amount of sugars (r=+0.27). The manifestation of gray rot is in inverse correlation with the content of dry matter and carotenoids (r=-0.37 and r=-0.35, respectively), white scab is in direct correlation with the content of dry matter (r= +0.21; r= +0.39; r= –0.41, respectively), white rot is in inverse correlation with the content of dry matter, monosaccharides and disaccharides.


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