Resting metabolic rate and heat increment of feeding in juvenile South American fur seals (Arctocephalus australis)

For northern white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawns, the energetic cost of thermoregulation (HcE) during severe winters can result in substantial catabolism of body-tissue reserves. The heat increment of feeding (HiE) has the potential to offset thermoregulatory energy expenditure that would otherwise require the catabolism of these reserves. During winters 1996 and 1997, we conducted 18 fasting and 18 on-feed heat-production trials using indirect respiration calorimetry in a metabolic chamber. Nonlinear regression analysis was used to estimate the lower critical temperatures (Tlc) and determine the fasting metabolic rate (FMR) and resting metabolic rate (RMR). Resulting models were used to calculate HiE, HcE, and percent substitution of HiE for HcE. For fawns fed a natural browse diet, estimated FMR and RMR were 352 and 490 kJ·kg body mass (BM)-0.75·d-1, respectively; this 40% increase in thermoneutral heat production reduced Tlc from -0.8 to -11.2°C between the fasted and fed states, respectively, and reduced HcE by 59% for fed fawns. For fawns fed a concentrate diet, estimated FMR and RMR were 377 and 573 kJ·kg BM-0.75·d-1, respectively. Level of browse intake had a significant effect on RMR andTlc. RMR was 12% higher for fawns on a high versus a low level of intake, and estimated Tlc was -15.6 and -5.8°C, respectively. Our data indicate that the energetic cost of thermoregulation is probably a minor portion of the energy budget of a healthy fawn consuming natural forage.

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Hormonal factors in reduced postprandial heat production of exercise-trained subjects

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1984.56.3.772 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 772-776 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

J. LeBlanc ◽

P. Diamond ◽

J. Cote ◽

A. Labrie

Keyword(s):

Exercise Training ◽

Heat Production ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Resting Metabolic Rate ◽

Glucose Disposal ◽

Plasma Norepinephrine ◽

Trained Subjects ◽

Enhanced Sensitivity ◽

Heat Increment Of Feeding ◽

Heat Increment

The influence of exercise training on postprandial heat production was investigated in human subjects. Whereas resting metabolic rate was comparable for trained and nontrained subjects, the heat increment of feeding (HIF) after subjects consumed a meal containing 755 kcal was approximately 50% smaller in the trained subjects. Measurements of respiratory quotient also indicated a reduction of about 50% in glucose oxidation associated with exercise training. The levels of plasma norepinephrine increased significantly (P less than 0.01) from 200 to 300 pg/ml in the sedentary subjects, but the changes observed in trained subjects were not significant. During the early phase of the meal, plasma levels of insulin were increased, even before nutrients appeared in the blood. Throughout the study the enhanced sensitivity to insulin of the trained subjects was confirmed. the postprandial heat production was diminished in exercise-trained subjects, and it is suggested that this could be related to a reduced activity of the sympathetic nervous system. Another possibility is that this reduction in HIF is related to a facilitation of glucose disposal in the form of glycogen rather than in the form of lipids.

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The influence of heat increment of feeding on basal metabolic rate in Phyllotis darwini (Muridae)

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A Molecular & Integrative Physiology ◽

10.1016/s1095-6433(02)00220-9 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 134 (1) ◽

pp. 139-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Roberto F Nespolo ◽

Leonardo D Bacigalupe ◽

Francisco Bozinovic

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Rate ◽

Basal Metabolic Rate ◽

Heat Increment Of Feeding ◽

Heat Increment

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Digging energetics in the South American rodent Ctenomys talarum (Rodentia, Ctenomyidae)

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z02-201 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 80 (12) ◽

pp. 2144-2149 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Facundo Luna ◽

C Daniel Antinuchi ◽

Cristina Busch

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Rate ◽

Energy Cost ◽

Resting Metabolic Rate ◽

Energetic Cost ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Natural Soil ◽

Subterranean Rodents ◽

South American ◽

Ctenomys Talarum ◽

The Cost

Ctenomys is the most speciose among subterranean rodents. There are few studies on energetics of Ctenomys, and none of them have focused on the energetics of digging. The present study aims to quantify the energetic cost of burrowing in Ctenomys talarum in natural soil conditions and to compare the energetics data with those reported for other subterranean rodents. Digging metabolic rate (DMR) in gravelly sand for C. talarum was 337.4 ± 65.9 mL O2·h1 (mean ± SD). No differences in DMR were detected between sexes. Moreover, DMR was 295.9% of resting metabolic rate. In terms of a cost of burrowing model, the mass of soil removed per distance burrowed (Msoil) in gravelly sand was 44.5 ± 6.7 g·cm1. Coefficients of the equation that related the energy cost of constructing a burrow segment of length S and Msoil(Eseg/Msoil) were Ks = 0.33 ± 0.32 J·g1, which is the energy cost of shearing 1 g of soil, and Kp = 0.0055 ± 0.0042 J·g1·cm1, which is the energy cost of pushing 1 g of soil 100 cm. Regarding the cost of burrowing model, our data showed that C. talarum has the lowest DMR in gravelly sand among unrelated subterranean rodents analyzed. Moreover, despite C. talarum feeding aboveground, the foraging economics was similar that of to other rodents.

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Net energy gained by northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) is impacted more by diet quality than by diet diversity

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/cjz-2015-0143 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 94 (2) ◽

pp. 123-135 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mariana Diaz Gomez ◽

David A.S. Rosen ◽

Andrew W. Trites

Keyword(s):

Energy Loss ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Bering Sea ◽

Callorhinus Ursinus ◽

Net Energy ◽

Diet Diversity ◽

Fur Seals ◽

Heat Increment Of Feeding ◽

Northern Fur Seals ◽

Heat Increment

Understanding whether northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus (L., 1758)) are negatively affected by changes in prey quality or diversity could provide insights into their on-going population decline in the central Bering Sea. We investigated how six captive female fur seals assimilated energy from eight different diets consisting of four prey species (walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus Pallas, 1814, formerly Theragra chalcogrammus (Pallas, 1814)), Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1847), capelin (Mallotus villosus (Müller, 1776)), and magister armhook squid (Berryteuthis magister (Berry, 1913))) fed alone or in combination. Net energy was quantified by measuring fecal energy loss, urinary energy loss, and heat increment of feeding. Digestible energy (95.9%–96.7%) was high (reflecting low fecal energy loss) and was negatively affected by ingested mass and dietary protein content. Urinary energy loss (9.3%–26.7%) increased significantly for high-protein diets. Heat increment of feeding (4.3%–12.4%) was significantly lower for high-lipid diets. Overall, net energy gain (57.9%–83.0%) was affected by lipid content and varied significantly across diets. Mixed-species diets did not provide any energetic benefit over single-species diets. Our study demonstrates that diet quality was more important in terms of energy gain than diet diversity. These findings suggest that fur seals consuming low-quality prey in the Bering Sea would be more challenged to obtain sufficient energy to satisfy energetic and metabolic demands, independent of high prey abundance.

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Resting metabolic rate and activity: key components of seasonal variation in daily energy expenditure for the northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus)

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/cjz-2014-0313 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 93 (8) ◽

pp. 635-644 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

A.J.M. Dalton ◽

D.A.S. Rosen ◽

A.W. Trites

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Metabolic Rate ◽

Resting Metabolic Rate ◽

Callorhinus Ursinus ◽

Daily Energy Expenditure ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Migratory Activity ◽

Fur Seals ◽

Daily Energy ◽

Inadequate Nutrition

Seasonal changes in daily energy expenditure (DEE) and its key underlying components (costs of resting metabolic rate (RMR), thermoregulation, activity, and growth) were measured to determine seasonal energy requirements, bioenergetic priorities, and potential times of year when unpredicted episodes of nutritional stress would have their greatest effect on female northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus (L., 1758)). The mean (±SD) DEE of six captive juvenile female fur seals was 527.8 ± 65.7 kJ·kg−1·d−1 and fluctuated seasonally (lower during summer and winter, and up to 20% greater in spring and fall). RMR also changed significantly with season and was higher in the fall (potentially due to moulting or anticipated migratory activity). However, changes in RMR did not follow the same seasonal trend as those of DEE. The largest component of DEE was RMR (∼80%, on average), followed by the cost of activity (which may have driven some of the seasonal variations in DEE). In contrast, the energetic costs associated with growth and thermoregulation appeared negligible within the scope of overall energy expenditures. Elevated innate costs of RMR and higher growth rates in the fall and summer, respectively, suggest that inadequate nutrition could comparatively have greater negative effects on female fur seals during these seasons.

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Nutrient pattern of unsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E increase resting metabolic rate of overweight and obese women

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000664 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Habib Yarizadeh ◽

Leila Setayesh ◽

Caroline Roberts ◽

Mir Saeed Yekaninejad ◽

Khadijeh Mirzaei

Keyword(s):

Vitamin E ◽

Metabolic Rate ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Resting Metabolic Rate ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Obese Women ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Nutrients ◽

Nutrient Patterns

Abstract. Objectives: Obesity plays an important role in the development of chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease and diabetes. A low resting metabolic rate (RMR) for a given body size and composition is a risk factor for obesity, however, there is limited evidence available regarding the association of nutrient patterns and RMR. The aim of this study was to determine the association of nutrient patterns and RMR in overweight and obese women. Study design: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 360 women who were overweight or obese. Method: Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative standard food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Nutrient patterns were also extracted by principal components analysis (PCA). All participants were evaluated for their body composition, RMR, and blood parameters. Result: Three nutrient patterns explaining 64% of the variance in dietary nutrients consumption were identified as B-complex-mineral, antioxidant, and unsaturated fatty acid and vitamin E (USFA-vit E) respectively. Participants were categorized into two groups based on the nutrient patterns. High scores of USFA-vit E pattern was significantly associated with the increase of RMR (β = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.79 to 68.16, p = 0.04). No significant associations were found among B-complex-mineral pattern (β = −0.00, 95% CI = −49.67 to 46.03, p = 0.94) and antioxidant pattern (β = 0.03, 95% CI −41.42 to 22.59, p = 0.56) with RMR. Conclusion: Our results suggested that the “USFA-vit E” pattern (such as PUFA, oleic, linoleic, vit.E, α-tocopherol and EPA) was associated with increased RMR.

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