Overexpression of fatty acid synthesis genes in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 with disrupted glycogen synthesis increases lipid production with further enhancement under copper induced oxidative stress

AbstractThe molecular regulation of milk secretion and quality in the transition period from colostrum to milk in goats is largely unknown. In the present study, mammary gland secretion of goats was collected in 0th, 4th, 7th, 14th and 28th days after parturition. In addition to composition and fatty acid profile of colostrum or milk, FASN, SCD, ACACA, COX-2, NRF2, TLR2, NF-kB, LTF and PTX3 genes expression patterns were determined from milk somatic cells. While somatic cell count (SCC), malondialdehyde (MDA), fat, fat-free dry matter, protein and lactose were highest as expression levels of the oxidative and inflammatory genes, freezing point and electrical conductivity were lowest in colostrum. With the continuation of lactation, most of the fatty acids, n3 ratio, and odour index increased but C14:0 and C16:0 decreased. While FASN was upregulated almost threefolds in 14th day, ACACA was upregulated more than fivefolds in 7th and 14th days. Separately, the major genes in fatty acid synthesis, inflammation and oxidative stress were significantly associated with each other due to being positively correlated. MDA was positively correlated with SCC and some of the genes related inflammation and oxidative stress. Furthermore, significant negative correlations were determined between SCC and fatty acid synthesis related genes. With this study, transition period of mammary secretion was particularly clarified at the molecular levels in Damascus goats.

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Captopril enhanced insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis in skeletal muscle but not fatty acid synthesis in adipose tissue of hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rats

Metabolism ◽

10.1016/s0026-0495(03)00319-6 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 52 (11) ◽

pp. 1406-1412 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Monika Cahová ◽

Hana Vavrinková ◽

Milada Tutterova ◽

Elen Meschisvilli ◽

Ludmila Kazdova

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽

Glycogen Synthesis ◽

Acid Synthesis

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Maternal Obesity Reduces Milk Lipid Production in Lactating Mice by Inhibiting Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase and Impairing Fatty Acid Synthesis

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0098066 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. e98066 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Jessica L. Saben ◽

Elise S. Bales ◽

Matthew R. Jackman ◽

David Orlicky ◽

Paul S. MacLean ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽

Maternal Obesity ◽

Lipid Production ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

Milk Lipid ◽

Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽

Acetyl Coa

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Expression Patterns of Major Genes in Fatty Acid Synthesis, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Related Pathways and Quality Parameters During the Transition From Colostrum to Milk in Dairy Goats

10.21203/rs.3.rs-129719/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Akın YAKAN ◽

Huseyin OZKAN ◽

Baran ÇAMDEVİREN ◽

Ufuk KAYA ◽

İrem KARAASLAN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Mammary Gland ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽

Transition Period ◽

Freezing Point ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

Mature Milk ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Colostrum is quietly different from mature milk. The molecular regulation of milk secretion and quality in the transition period from colostrum to milk in goats is largely unknown. The present study, mammary gland secretion of goats was collected in 0th, 4th, 7th, 14th and 28th days after parturition. In addition to composition and fatty acid profile of colostrum or milk, FASN, SCD, ACACA, COX-2, NRF2, TLR2, NF-kB, LTF and PTX3 genes expression patterns were determined from milk somatic cells. While somatic cell count (SCC), malondialdehyde (MDA), fat, fat-free dry matter (FFDM), protein and lactose were highest as expression levels of the oxidative and inflammatory genes (P<0.05), freezing point and electrical conductivity were lowest in colostrum. With the continuation of lactation, most of the fatty acids, n3 ratio, and odour index had increased, on the other hand, C14:0 and C16:0 had decreased. In addition, FASN was upregulated almost 3 folds in 14th day (P<0.05). While SCD was similar, ACACA was upregulated more than 5 folds in 7th and 14th days (P<0.05). Furthermore, significant correlations were determined between studied genes. Although colostrum is important for offspring health in terms of inflammation and oxidative stress related pathways, further studies are needed on complex molecular pathways including fatty acid synthesis on goat mammary gland.

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Enhancement of lipid production in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 overexpressing glycerol kinase under oxidative stress with glycerol supplementation

Bioresource Technology ◽

10.1016/j.biortech.2018.07.058 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 267 ◽

pp. 532-540 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan ◽

Aran Incharoensakdi

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Lipid Production ◽

Glycerol Kinase ◽

Synechocystis Sp ◽

Pcc 6803

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The Role of Mitochondrial Fat Oxidation in Cancer Cell Proliferation and Survival

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells9122600 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 2600

Author(s):

Matheus Pinto De Oliveira ◽

Marc Liesa

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽

De Novo ◽

Lipid Synthesis ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

Acid Oxidation ◽

Cancer Proliferation

Tumors remodel their metabolism to support anabolic processes needed for replication, as well as to survive nutrient scarcity and oxidative stress imposed by their changing environment. In most healthy tissues, the shift from anabolism to catabolism results in decreased glycolysis and elevated fatty acid oxidation (FAO). This change in the nutrient selected for oxidation is regulated by the glucose-fatty acid cycle, also known as the Randle cycle. Briefly, this cycle consists of a decrease in glycolysis caused by increased mitochondrial FAO in muscle as a result of elevated extracellular fatty acid availability. Closing the cycle, increased glycolysis in response to elevated extracellular glucose availability causes a decrease in mitochondrial FAO. This competition between glycolysis and FAO and its relationship with anabolism and catabolism is conserved in some cancers. Accordingly, decreasing glycolysis to lactate, even by diverting pyruvate to mitochondria, can stop proliferation. Moreover, colorectal cancer cells can effectively shift to FAO to survive both glucose restriction and increases in oxidative stress at the expense of decreasing anabolism. However, a subset of B-cell lymphomas and other cancers require a concurrent increase in mitochondrial FAO and glycolysis to support anabolism and proliferation, thus escaping the competing nature of the Randle cycle. How mitochondria are remodeled in these FAO-dependent lymphomas to preferably oxidize fat, while concurrently sustaining high glycolysis and increasing de novo fatty acid synthesis is unclear. Here, we review studies focusing on the role of mitochondrial FAO and mitochondrial-driven lipid synthesis in cancer proliferation and survival, specifically in colorectal cancer and lymphomas. We conclude that a specific metabolic liability of these FAO-dependent cancers could be a unique remodeling of mitochondrial function that licenses elevated FAO concurrent to high glycolysis and fatty acid synthesis. In addition, blocking this mitochondrial remodeling could selectively stop growth of tumors that shifted to mitochondrial FAO to survive oxidative stress and nutrient scarcity.

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Development of lipogenesis and insulin sensitivity in tissues of the ob/ob mouse

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1981.240.2.e101 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 240 (2) ◽

pp. E101-E107 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. L. Kaplan ◽

G. A. Leveille

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽

De Novo ◽

Glycogen Synthesis ◽

Lipid Synthesis ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

De Novo Lipogenesis ◽

Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase

Lipogenesis and insulin sensitivity are evaluated in adipose tissue, liver, and diaphragm of ob/ob and non-ob/ob mice. In ob/ob mice, hepatic fatty acid synthesis from [U-14C]glucose is elevated by 4 wk of age, and adipose tissue fatty acid synthesis increases at approximately 7 wk. Hepatic activities in ob/ob mice of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.44), malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.40), and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.8) are dramatically increased by 7 wk of age. Diminished insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis is first noted in the diaphragm of ob/ob mice at 7 wk of age. Insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis in adipose tissue of ob/ob mice is impaired at 3 wk. At 7 wk, insulin-stimulated fatty acid synthesis in adipose tissue of ob/ob mice is markedly increased. Adipose tissue glyceride-glycerol synthesis continues to increase throughout development, whereas fatty acid synthesis decreases after 7 wk. The data suggest that alterations in lipid synthesis occur very early in the development of ob/ob mouse, prior to expression to overt obesity, at which time a major contribution to lipogenesis is made by the liver. The altered de novo lipogenesis does not precede the reported diminution in energy metabolism.

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Improved lipid production via fatty acid biosynthesis and free fatty acid recycling in engineered Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

Biotechnology for Biofuels ◽

10.1186/s13068-018-1349-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Kamonchanock Eungrasamee ◽

Rui Miao ◽

Aran Incharoensakdi ◽

Peter Lindblad ◽

Saowarath Jantaro

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽

Lipid Production ◽

Acid Biosynthesis ◽

Synechocystis Sp ◽

Pcc 6803

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Conversion of [U−14C]glucose into carbon dioxide, glycogen, cholesterol and fatty acids in liver slices from embryonic and growing chicks

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj1080655 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 108 (4) ◽

pp. 655-661 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

Alan G. Goodridge

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽

Glucose Oxidation ◽

Glycogen Synthesis ◽

Liver Glycogen ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

Low Fat Diet ◽

Liver Slices

Incorporation of [U−14C]glucose into carbon dioxide, glycogen, cholesterol and fatty acids and of 3H2O into cholesterol and fatty acids was measured in liver slices from embryos and growing chicks. During the embryonic period, rates of incorporation were low and stable for all pathways. Fatty acid synthesis and glucose oxidation increased promptly when the chicks were fed, reaching plateau levels within 6 days. Cholesterol and glycogen synthesis increased only slightly when the birds were fed. After 5 and 11 days respectively, cholesterol and glycogen synthesis began to increase rapidly. The rate of glucose oxidation in liver slices from 4-week-old chicks was 20-fold greater than in slices of embryonic liver; glycogen, cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis had increased approximately 100-, 300- and 1000-fold respectively. The increase in the metabolism of [U−14C]glucose that occurred after hatching was probably due to the change from a high-fat non-carbohydrate diet (yolk) to a high-carbohydrate low-fat diet (mash).

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Delayed Feeding Alters Transcriptional and Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Hepatic Metabolic Pathways in Peri-Hatch Broiler Chicks

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes10040272 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 272 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Julie A. Hicks ◽

Tom E. Porter ◽

Nishanth E. Sunny ◽

Hsiao-Ching Liu

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Energy Source ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Acid Oxidation ◽

Metabolic Switch ◽

Hepatic Expression

Hepatic fatty acid oxidation of yolk lipoproteins provides the main energy source for chick embryos. Post-hatching these yolk lipids are rapidly exhausted and metabolism switches to a carbohydrate-based energy source. We recently demonstrated that many microRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of hepatic metabolic pathways during this metabolic switching. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression in most eukaryotes. To further elucidate the roles of miRNAs in the metabolic switch, we used delayed feeding for 48 h to impede the hepatic metabolic switch. We found that hepatic expression of several miRNAs including miR-33, miR-20b, miR-34a, and miR-454 was affected by delaying feed consumption for 48 h. For example, we found that delayed feeding resulted in increased miR-20b expression and conversely reduced expression of its target FADS1, an enzyme involved in fatty acid synthesis. Interestingly, the expression of a previously identified miR-20b regulator FOXO3 was also higher in delayed fed chicks. FOXO3 also functions in protection of cells from oxidative stress. Delayed fed chicks also had much higher levels of plasma ketone bodies than their normal fed counterparts. This suggests that delayed fed chicks rely almost exclusively on lipid oxidation for energy production and are likely under higher oxidative stress. Thus, it is possible that FOXO3 may function to both limit lipogenesis as well as to help protect against oxidative stress in peri-hatch chicks until the initiation of feed consumption. This is further supported by evidence that the FOXO3-regulated histone deacetylase (HDAC2) was found to recognize the FASN (involved in fatty acid synthesis) chicken promoter in a yeast one-hybrid assay. Expression of FASN mRNA was lower in delayed fed chicks until feed consumption. The present study demonstrated that many transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms, including miRNA, form a complex interconnected regulatory network that is involved in controlling lipid and glucose molecular pathways during the metabolic transition in peri-hatch chicks.

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