Formation of soils with fragipan and plinthite in old beach deposits in the South of the Caspian Sea, Gilan province, Iran

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 44-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K. Eghbal ◽  
J. Givi ◽  
H. Torabi ◽  
M. Miransari
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Gilan Province

scholarly journals Numerical modelling of the Caspian Sea tides

Ocean Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-219
Author(s):  
Igor P. Medvedev ◽  
Evgueni A. Kulikov ◽  
Isaac V. Fine
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Tidal Range ◽  
The South ◽  
Tidal Dynamics ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
The North ◽  
Anticlockwise Rotation ◽  
Diurnal Tides

Abstract. The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed basin on Earth and a unique subject for the analysis of tidal dynamics. Tides in the basin are produced directly by the tide-generating forces. Using the Princeton Ocean Model (POM), we examine details of the spatial and temporal features of the tidal dynamics in the Caspian Sea. We present tidal charts of the amplitudes and phase lags of the major tidal constituents, together with maps of the form factor, tidal range, and tidal current speed. Semi-diurnal tides in the Caspian Sea are determined by a Taylor amphidromic system with anticlockwise rotation. The largest M2 amplitude is 6 cm and is located in Türkmen Aylagy (called Turkmen Bay hereafter). For the diurnal constituents, the Absheron Peninsula separates two individual amphidromes with anticlockwise rotation in the north and in the south. The maximum K1 amplitudes (up to 0.7–0.8 cm) are located in (1) the south-eastern part of the basin, (2) Türkmenbaşy Gulf, (3) Mangyshlak Bay; and (4) Kizlyar Bay. As a result, the semi-diurnal tides prevail over diurnal tides in the Caspian Sea. The maximum tidal range, of up to 21 cm, has been found in Turkmen Bay. The strongest tidal currents have been located in the straits to the north and south of Ogurja Ada, where speeds reach 22 and 19 cm s−1, respectively. Numerical simulations of the tides using different mean sea levels (within a range of 5 m) indicate that spatial features of the Caspian Sea tides are strongly sensitive to changes in mean sea level.

The Cadusii in Archaeology? Remarks on the Achaemenid Period (Iron Age IV) in Gilan and Talesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-151
Author(s):  
Christian Konrad Piller
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
The South ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Material Basis ◽  
South West ◽  
New Material

According to some classical authors, the region south-west of the Caspian Sea was inhabited by the large tribe of the Cadusians (Greek Καδουσιοι, Latin Cadusii). During the Achaemenid Period, several armed conflicts between the Imperial Persian forces and the warlike Cadusians occurred. Of particular importance is the disastrous defeat of Artaxerxes II in 380 B.C. From the archaeological point of view, little has been known about the material culture of the Achaemenid Period (Iron Age IV) in Talesh and Gilan. Until recently, only a few burial contexts from the South of Gilan could be dated to the period between the 6th and 4th centuries B.C. However, during the last two decades, Iranian archaeologists excavated numerous Bronze and Iron Age graveyards in the Talesh Region. A number of burial contexts at sites, such as Maryan, Mianroud or Vaske can securely be dated to the Achaemenid Period. With this new material basis, it was possible to subdivide the Iron Age IV into different subsequent phases. Furthermore, it is likely that the material culture described in this article could be at least partially attributed to the Cadusians.

scholarly journals An early ‘Little Ice Age’ brackish water invasion along the south coast of the Caspian Sea (sediment of Langarud wetland) and its wider impacts on environment and people

The Holocene ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safiyeh Haghani ◽  
Suzanne AG Leroy ◽  
Sarkar Khdir ◽  
Keivan Kabiri ◽  
Abdolmajid Naderi Beni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
The South ◽  
The Caspian Sea

scholarly journals Evaluation of trace elements contaminations in muscles of Rutilus kutum (Pisces: Cyprinidae) from the Southern shores of the Caspian Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Masoud Sattari ◽  
Mehdi Bibak ◽  
Mohammad Forouhar Vajargah
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
The South ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Fish Muscles ◽  
Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry

Background: There is little information about the trace elements (TEs) concentrations in the muscle tissue of Caspian kutum (Rutilus kutum) in the South Caspian Sea. Methods: A total of 51 R. kutum specimens were caught at five fishing stations (Gorgan, Sari, Kiashahr, Anzali, and Astara) in the South Caspian Sea from September 2018 to January 2019. The inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was employed to measure the TEs concentrations in the fish muscles. Results: The maximum concentrations of Al (7.2 ppm), Pb (0.07 ppm), and Ni (0.02) were reported in Astara, and the highest concentrations of As (0.2 ppm), Cu (0.49 ppm), Cr (0.12 ppm), and Zn (1.56 ppm) were reported in Sari and Gorgan. The TEs concentrations measured in the fish muscles (except Mg, Zn, As, Al, Na, and S) had no significant differences among the sampling areas. The TEs concentrations were higher in the eastern areas (Sari and Gorgan) than in the western areas (Astara, Anzali, and Kiashahr) excluding As and Al. The concentrations of Pb, Zn, Mn, Cu, Sn, Sb, Al, Cr, and Cd in muscles of R. kutum were found to be significantly lower (P<0.05) than the maximum permitted levels according to the WHO/FAO standards, while As concentrations were comparable to these standards. Conclusion: The TEs concentrations in different fishing stations of Kiashahr, Anzali, and Astara, located in the southwestern areas were respectively compared with those obtained from Sari and Gorgan, located in the middle and southeastern shore of the Caspian Sea. According to the results, the TEs concentrations obtained from the fish muscles cannot pose a threat to human health.

Sediment distribution pattern of the South Caspian Sea: possible hydroclimatic implications

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 637-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.A.K. Lahijani ◽  
H. Abbasian ◽  
A. Naderi Beni ◽  
S.A.G. Leroy ◽  
S. Haghani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Tectonic Setting ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
The South ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Catchment Basin ◽  
Sediment Distribution

The south Caspian subbasin extends from the foot of the Alborz Mountains to the deepest part of Caspian Sea. The lithological background and tectonic setting of the study area primarily control the deposition of thick sedimentary sequences of the basin, while hydroclimatic processes exert secondary impacts on the sediment distribution pattern. To evaluate past hydroclimatic changes, short sediment cores were retrieved from the continental shelf and upper slope of the south Caspian Sea and were treated for basic sedimentological properties and mineralogy. The results show that the sediments are composed of terrigenous, biogenic, and chemical components. The chemical component has a significant signature in the internal structure of the sediment, which reflects degradation of organic material due to a succession of aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Aerobic conditions reflect the extreme climatic conditions that lead to formation of well-oxygenated deep water in lowstands and extremely cold winters, when dense oxygenated water is allowed to touch the bottom sediments. The sediment distribution pattern demonstrates three distinctive areas in the southern continental margin with different organic matter and carbonate content. Fluvial inputs and wave hydrodynamics control the sediment properties and their distribution pattern in the upper shelf, while in deeper parts, the dynamics of water stratification and its temporal and long-term variations, relating to climate and water level changes, determine sediment composition. Overall, the sedimentary distribution pattern is a result of their sources in the catchment basin and the hydroclimate of the Caspian Sea.

scholarly journals STRENGTHENING OF RUSSIA’S POSITION IN THE SOUTHERN CASPII IN THE 1840S IN THE CONTEXT OF RUSSIAN-IRANIAN RELATIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 98-103
Author(s):  
A.B. Larin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The South ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article is devoted to the policy of Russia in the south of the Caspian Sea in the 1840s. It is shown that due to the use of the advantages provided by the Turkmanchay Treaty of 1828, the Russian Empire managed to significantly strengthen its position in the region: it expanded its naval presence, achieved significant success in combating piracy and stabilizing the region, and created conditions for the development of trade. Special attention is paid to the establishment of steamship communication in the Caspian Sea.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Trace Element Contaminations in the Skin Tissue of Rutilus kutum (Kamensky, 1901) From the South of the Caspian Sea

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Mohammad Forouhar Vajargah ◽  
◽  
Masoud Sattari ◽  
Javid Imanpour Namin ◽  
Mehdi Bibak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Skin Tissue ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
The South ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Element Concentrations

Background: The Caspian Sea is surrounded by Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Iran, Turkmenistan, and Russia. Rutilus kutum is a highly steamed fish species caught from the South Caspian Sea, but little data available on Trace Element (TE) concentrations in its skin. Methods: We caught 51 R. kutum from three stations (i.e., Anzali, Astara, and Kiashahr) in the southern shoreline of the Caspian Sea from September 2017 to January 2018, and ICP-OES was used to assay TE concentrations in their skin. Results: The Trace Element Concentrations (TECs) measured in the skin (except for potassium) did not display significant differences between the stations and only the concentration of potassium was higher in Kiashahr than in other areas. Conclusion: TE levels in the R. kutum skin were lower than those in the previous reports from the Caspian Sea, which could not result in any risk to human health.

scholarly journals Natural-climatic Conditions of Salyan Plain

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-225
Author(s):  
A. Jafarova
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
The South ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
The West ◽  
The North

The Salyan plain is the smallest of the 5 plains of the Kur-Araz lowland. Salyan Plateau was formed in the recent past as a result of the withdrawal of the Caspian Sea. The Salyan plain borders on the Akkusha River in the west, the Caspian Sea in the east, the Kur River in the north, and Kyzylagach Bay in the south and covers an area of 149,000 ha. The article provides information about the relief of the Salyan plain, climate, soil and vegetation.

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