Sediment distribution pattern of the South Caspian Sea: possible hydroclimatic implications

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 637-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.A.K. Lahijani ◽  
H. Abbasian ◽  
A. Naderi Beni ◽  
S.A.G. Leroy ◽  
S. Haghani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Tectonic Setting ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
The South ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Catchment Basin ◽  
Sediment Distribution

The south Caspian subbasin extends from the foot of the Alborz Mountains to the deepest part of Caspian Sea. The lithological background and tectonic setting of the study area primarily control the deposition of thick sedimentary sequences of the basin, while hydroclimatic processes exert secondary impacts on the sediment distribution pattern. To evaluate past hydroclimatic changes, short sediment cores were retrieved from the continental shelf and upper slope of the south Caspian Sea and were treated for basic sedimentological properties and mineralogy. The results show that the sediments are composed of terrigenous, biogenic, and chemical components. The chemical component has a significant signature in the internal structure of the sediment, which reflects degradation of organic material due to a succession of aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Aerobic conditions reflect the extreme climatic conditions that lead to formation of well-oxygenated deep water in lowstands and extremely cold winters, when dense oxygenated water is allowed to touch the bottom sediments. The sediment distribution pattern demonstrates three distinctive areas in the southern continental margin with different organic matter and carbonate content. Fluvial inputs and wave hydrodynamics control the sediment properties and their distribution pattern in the upper shelf, while in deeper parts, the dynamics of water stratification and its temporal and long-term variations, relating to climate and water level changes, determine sediment composition. Overall, the sedimentary distribution pattern is a result of their sources in the catchment basin and the hydroclimate of the Caspian Sea.

scholarly journals Natural-climatic Conditions of Salyan Plain

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-225
Author(s):  
A. Jafarova
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
The South ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
The West ◽  
The North

The Salyan plain is the smallest of the 5 plains of the Kur-Araz lowland. Salyan Plateau was formed in the recent past as a result of the withdrawal of the Caspian Sea. The Salyan plain borders on the Akkusha River in the west, the Caspian Sea in the east, the Kur River in the north, and Kyzylagach Bay in the south and covers an area of 149,000 ha. The article provides information about the relief of the Salyan plain, climate, soil and vegetation.

scholarly journals Numerical modelling of the Caspian Sea tides

Ocean Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-219
Author(s):  
Igor P. Medvedev ◽  
Evgueni A. Kulikov ◽  
Isaac V. Fine
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Tidal Range ◽  
The South ◽  
Tidal Dynamics ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
The North ◽  
Anticlockwise Rotation ◽  
Diurnal Tides

Abstract. The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed basin on Earth and a unique subject for the analysis of tidal dynamics. Tides in the basin are produced directly by the tide-generating forces. Using the Princeton Ocean Model (POM), we examine details of the spatial and temporal features of the tidal dynamics in the Caspian Sea. We present tidal charts of the amplitudes and phase lags of the major tidal constituents, together with maps of the form factor, tidal range, and tidal current speed. Semi-diurnal tides in the Caspian Sea are determined by a Taylor amphidromic system with anticlockwise rotation. The largest M2 amplitude is 6 cm and is located in Türkmen Aylagy (called Turkmen Bay hereafter). For the diurnal constituents, the Absheron Peninsula separates two individual amphidromes with anticlockwise rotation in the north and in the south. The maximum K1 amplitudes (up to 0.7–0.8 cm) are located in (1) the south-eastern part of the basin, (2) Türkmenbaşy Gulf, (3) Mangyshlak Bay; and (4) Kizlyar Bay. As a result, the semi-diurnal tides prevail over diurnal tides in the Caspian Sea. The maximum tidal range, of up to 21 cm, has been found in Turkmen Bay. The strongest tidal currents have been located in the straits to the north and south of Ogurja Ada, where speeds reach 22 and 19 cm s−1, respectively. Numerical simulations of the tides using different mean sea levels (within a range of 5 m) indicate that spatial features of the Caspian Sea tides are strongly sensitive to changes in mean sea level.

The Cadusii in Archaeology? Remarks on the Achaemenid Period (Iron Age IV) in Gilan and Talesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-151
Author(s):  
Christian Konrad Piller
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
The South ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Material Basis ◽  
South West ◽  
New Material

According to some classical authors, the region south-west of the Caspian Sea was inhabited by the large tribe of the Cadusians (Greek Καδουσιοι, Latin Cadusii). During the Achaemenid Period, several armed conflicts between the Imperial Persian forces and the warlike Cadusians occurred. Of particular importance is the disastrous defeat of Artaxerxes II in 380 B.C. From the archaeological point of view, little has been known about the material culture of the Achaemenid Period (Iron Age IV) in Talesh and Gilan. Until recently, only a few burial contexts from the South of Gilan could be dated to the period between the 6th and 4th centuries B.C. However, during the last two decades, Iranian archaeologists excavated numerous Bronze and Iron Age graveyards in the Talesh Region. A number of burial contexts at sites, such as Maryan, Mianroud or Vaske can securely be dated to the Achaemenid Period. With this new material basis, it was possible to subdivide the Iron Age IV into different subsequent phases. Furthermore, it is likely that the material culture described in this article could be at least partially attributed to the Cadusians.

scholarly journals PRINCIPLES OF FUNCTIONAL AND SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF ENERGY-EFFICIENT MEDIUM-RISE HOUSING IN THE COASTAL REGIONS OF IRAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-140
Author(s):  
Moradi Pour O. ◽  
◽  
Siomka S. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Architectural Planning ◽  
The Persian Gulf

The article is devoted to the principles of functional and spatial organization of energy-efficient housing, architectural, artistic and compositional features of the organization of housing with energy-efficient technologies. The article deals with the issues of architectural planning and spatial modification of residential buildings of medium height depending on the natural and climatic conditions and features of the country's region. Special attention is paid to the regions where there are significant water resources. The Persian Gulf and the Caspian sea region in Iran are the most densely populated and represent areas where all four types of possible types of energy-saving technologies are presented: solar, water, wind energy and energy from the earth's interior.

New and revised magnetostratigraphic age constraints on the Akchagylian (late Pliocene) five-fold expansion of the Caspian Sea.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Lazarev ◽  
Klaudia Kuiper ◽  
Oriol Oms ◽  
Maia Bukhsianidze ◽  
Davit Vasilyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Late Pliocene ◽  
Age Model ◽  
Radioisotopic Dating ◽  
Age Constraints

<p>The late Pliocene Akchagylian transgression in the Caspian Basin led to a five-fold increase of the Caspian Sea surface water, extending the basin to the vast areas of Central Asia, Caucasian foreland (Kura Basin) and the Russian Plate. It also changed the regional climatic conditions by making the Pliocene glaciation milder. Later, establishment of hydrological connection between the Caspian Sea and the global ocean known as the “Akchagylian flooding” enabled active fauna migrations transforming the paleoecology of the region. Despite a relatively well constrained palaeoenvironmental history, the Akchagylian still lacks a univocal age model and two major age constraints exist - the “long” (3.6-1.8 Ma) and the “short” Akchagylian (2.7-2.1 Ma). In this study, we resolve the age contradictions by magnetostratigraphic and <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar dating of several sections in the Kura Basin. With our new data, we further revise magnetostratigraphy and <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar constraints in 25 sections across the Kura Basin and Turkmenistan. We propose a new unified age model for the Akchagylian Stage: 1. Akchagylian transgression at 2.95±0.02 Ma; 2. Caspian-Arctic connection (2.75–2.45 Ma); 3. “Desalinated” Akchagylian between 2.45-2.13 Ma; 4. Akchagylian-Apsheronian boundary at 2.13 Ma correlated to the Reunion subchron (C2r.1n). Our data shows, that magnetostratigraphy requires a careful assessment of sedimentation rates and support from other proxies such as sedimentology, biostratigraphy and radioisotopic dating. The new ages constrain a much shorter (2.95–2.1 Ma) Akchagylian than in previously mentioned regional geological time scales (3.6–1.8 Ma) and strongly appeal to reconsider the ages of numerous archaeological and mammalian sites in the south Caspian region.</p>

scholarly journals The first evidence for Late Pleistocene hominin populations on the southern Caspian Sea coast

Antiquity ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (355) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Vahdati Nasab ◽  
Kourosh Roustaei ◽  
Mohammad Ghamari Fatideh ◽  
Fatemeh Shojaeefar ◽  
Milad Hashemi Sarvandi
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Human Settlement ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
Dispersal Corridors ◽  
Sea Coast ◽  
Southern Caspian Sea

The southern shore of the Caspian Sea is well known for its great potential in relation to sites of Mesolithic date (e.g. Coon 1951; Jayez & Vahdati Nasab 2016). Situated between two major geographic barriers—the Alborz Mountains to the south, and the Caspian Sea to the north—this area has been considered one of the major hominin dispersal corridors during the Pleistocene–Holocene transition (Vahdati Nasab et al. 2013). Furthermore, the relatively stable and mild climatic conditions, vast and lush temperate forests, and abundance of fauna and water resources have all made this region an attractive niche for human settlement.

scholarly journals An early ‘Little Ice Age’ brackish water invasion along the south coast of the Caspian Sea (sediment of Langarud wetland) and its wider impacts on environment and people

The Holocene ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safiyeh Haghani ◽  
Suzanne AG Leroy ◽  
Sarkar Khdir ◽  
Keivan Kabiri ◽  
Abdolmajid Naderi Beni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
The South ◽  
The Caspian Sea

scholarly journals Evaluation of trace elements contaminations in muscles of Rutilus kutum (Pisces: Cyprinidae) from the Southern shores of the Caspian Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Masoud Sattari ◽  
Mehdi Bibak ◽  
Mohammad Forouhar Vajargah
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
The South ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Fish Muscles ◽  
Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry

Background: There is little information about the trace elements (TEs) concentrations in the muscle tissue of Caspian kutum (Rutilus kutum) in the South Caspian Sea. Methods: A total of 51 R. kutum specimens were caught at five fishing stations (Gorgan, Sari, Kiashahr, Anzali, and Astara) in the South Caspian Sea from September 2018 to January 2019. The inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was employed to measure the TEs concentrations in the fish muscles. Results: The maximum concentrations of Al (7.2 ppm), Pb (0.07 ppm), and Ni (0.02) were reported in Astara, and the highest concentrations of As (0.2 ppm), Cu (0.49 ppm), Cr (0.12 ppm), and Zn (1.56 ppm) were reported in Sari and Gorgan. The TEs concentrations measured in the fish muscles (except Mg, Zn, As, Al, Na, and S) had no significant differences among the sampling areas. The TEs concentrations were higher in the eastern areas (Sari and Gorgan) than in the western areas (Astara, Anzali, and Kiashahr) excluding As and Al. The concentrations of Pb, Zn, Mn, Cu, Sn, Sb, Al, Cr, and Cd in muscles of R. kutum were found to be significantly lower (P<0.05) than the maximum permitted levels according to the WHO/FAO standards, while As concentrations were comparable to these standards. Conclusion: The TEs concentrations in different fishing stations of Kiashahr, Anzali, and Astara, located in the southwestern areas were respectively compared with those obtained from Sari and Gorgan, located in the middle and southeastern shore of the Caspian Sea. According to the results, the TEs concentrations obtained from the fish muscles cannot pose a threat to human health.

scholarly journals HEAVY PRECIPITATION ON THE IRANIAN COAST OF THE CASPIAN SEA

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 116-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Toropov ◽  
A. A. Shestakova ◽  
A. V. Kislov ◽  
O. Ruhollah
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Polar Front ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Windward Side ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Lake Effect ◽  
Iranian Coast ◽  
Moisture Fluxes ◽  
Heat And Moisture

The main goal of this research is to determine the genesis of heavy precipitation on the Iranian coast of the Caspian Sea, to quantify the contribution of various factors to the formation of such precipitation. An analysis of synoptic fields, satellite data and the results of numerical mesoscale modeling showed that the nature of heavy precipitation in the studied region is substantially mixed. The primary cause of precipitation is synoptic processes, most often the activation of cyclogenesis on the polar front under the condition of the invasion of cold air. However, the contribution of the “lake effect” (which is expressed in large values of heat and moisture fluxes from the Caspian Sea surface) and orography (which initiates the oonvergence of moisture on the windward side of the Elborz Mountains) is large and in average is about 50%. With an increase in the temperature of the surface of the Caspian Sea, which is possible in the climatic conditions of the future, percentage of heavy precipitations increases first.

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